Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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Table 4-2: Bio-physical System SWOT Analysis Strategic Goal 2: To ensure the long-term conservation of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> and the provision of existing ecosystem services Objective 2.1: To conserve the biotic and abiotic functions of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>, and the interactions between them Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats High biodiversity Fragility (adapted to low nutrient) 107 Conservation guided by CBD, <strong>Ramsar</strong>, CITES, WHC, etc. Relatively pristine System not well understood Presence of HOORC and other national and international research institutions High resilience (flow dynamics, variety of habitats) Presence of high profile and indicator species Certain national departments dedicated to management of specific biotic and abiotic aspects of the system <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> Research strategy in place Limited financial and human resources to implement and monitor conservation measures Presence of globally Threatened and endangered species Unsustainable and illegal water abstraction Limited baseline information on the components of ecosystem (physical and biological and their interactions) Govt commitment to synergise related conventions Negative impacts of upstream developments Climate change International trade in endangered species Incompatible trans-boundary activities (fires, land use) High poverty levels Potential changes in land use (e.g. mining, irrigation agriculture) Endemic species Increasing and unregulated tourism Availability of traditional knowledge on conservation Availability of legislative instruments (herbage preservation act etc) Large parts of the system fall under protected areas Strategic objective 2.2: To maintain or restore the wetland habitats and ecosystems of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> Availability of legislative instruments (herbage preservation act, waste management, EIA, etc) Presence of threatened and endangered species Willingness of communities to participate in management (e.g. trusts) Eradication of Tsetse – its presence was barrier to human encroachment and removal of tsetse from the ecosystem. Increasing self-drives – vehicle traffic Relatively pristine High elephant population Inadequate monitoring of implementation of environmental management plans.f for development projects Certain departments dedicated to restorative interventions (e.g. DWA – Aquatic weed control) Buffalo fence prevents human/livestock encroachment Current land use practices compatible with conservation Inappropriate waste handling and disposal practices Topography of the <strong>Delta</strong> (very flat) makes impacts of minor disturbance huge (construction of bridges, road network Introduction of invasive species Outbreak of diseases
4.3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SWOT ANALYSIS The analysis is given in Table 4-3. The environmental profiling derived from the above table indicates that the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> has a very good natural resource base. Most natural resources are used within their generative capacities. Table 4-3: Socio-economic Subsystem SWOT Analysis Strategic Goal 3: To sustainably use the natural resources of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> in an equitable way and support the livelihoods of all stakeholders Strategic Objective 3.1 To sustainably use the wetland resources of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> for the long-term benefit of all stakeholders Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Good natural resources base Structures such as conservation committees in place Existence of CBNRM Programme Most of the natural resources are still within their regenerative capacity. High level of indigenous traditional knowledge on the use of the natural resources 108 Limited use regulations Diversification of CBNRM offerings Limited understanding of wise-use concept Disempowerment of traditional leaders in regulating resource use. Over-harvesting of some resources resulting in reduced regenerative capacity. Multi-lateral environmental agreements which facilitate wise use. Conservation legislative instruments in place Eradication of Tsetse fly has resulted in increased access to resources Largely open access natural resources management regime Lack of CBNRM Policy Recurrent droughts Increasing human population Outbreak of diseases Cross border off-take of resources High poverty levels Re-invasion of tsetse. Strategic Objective 3.2: To develop socio-economic opportunities to improve livelihoods of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> stakeholders Existence of CBNRM Programme Good tourism base Lack of business, marketing and management skills Good natural resources base Economic value of the <strong>Delta</strong> goods and services relatively well known Presence of NGOs and CBOs to facilitate use of resource for improving livelihoods Skewed benefit sharing Govt recognition of tourism for economic diversification Denial of traditional access rights Mistrust between tour operators and communities Sensitivity of the tourism industry to market forces Lack of capacity to determine the level of payable royalties Lack of compliance in maintaining the books of accounts within the country Availability of financial and skill enhancement programmes (CEDA, Enterprise Botswana, etc) Govt. commitment through policies on Rural Development as well as other investment policies (i.e. Direct Foreign Investment) in place Existence of Multi-lateral agreements and commitments such as UN Millennium Development Goals, World Summit on Sustainable Development Leakage of tourism benefits Lack of markets Globalization – resulting in competition Regional instability may negatively impact on tourism Increase in HIV and AIDS infections High level of illiteracy rate High poverty levels
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i OKAVANGO DELTA MANAGEMENT PLAN PR
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2.3 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATU
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5.2.7 FIRE MANAGEMENT .............
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TABLE 3-4: CRITERIA FOR FUTURE PRIO
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Ministry of Environment, Wildlife a
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It stands to reason that the ODMP s
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This chapter describes the strategi
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xiv FRAMP Framework Managem
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OKAVANGO DELTA VISION EXECUTIVE SUM
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physical subsystem. These are often
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Strategic Goal Stategic Objective K
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maintain them it accords prominence
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this, but sectors should continue t
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1.3 THE NEED FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Instrument Year Objective Relevance
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Relavant conventions which Botswana
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1.6.3.1 Project Design Phase Follow
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1.6.3.5 Final Management</s
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Part of the catchment in Namibia co
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Figure 2-3: The Okavango</s
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2.1.5.3 Tertiary stakeholders These
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2.1.6.7. Harry Oppenheimer
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The District Council is responsible
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The district is also affected by a
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which is itself an extension of the
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eastern from the central and wester
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Subsequently, flow from the Thamala
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capacity of these processes to elim
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dominated channel fringe and backsw
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grasslands which overlaps with the
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Figure 2-10: Distribution map of ra
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zooplankton biomass has been record
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40 All of the ardeids are primarily
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15000 in 1988 and 35000 in 2002 (Bo
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Figure 2-11: Spatial Distribution o
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Figure 2-12: Land use map of the OR
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Parks and Game Reserves provide for
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2.4.3.1 Angola Quantities of water
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Table 2-10: Tourism Enterprise Lice
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2.4.6 2.4.6 FISHING The Oka
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Page 87 and 88: 2.7 TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE Total Econ
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Page 91 and 92: Table 2-16: Summary of the annual p
Page 93 and 94: 2.7.2 INDIRECT USE VALUES In this s
Page 95 and 96: use value of ecosystems (refs). Thu
Page 97 and 98: HOORC-UB has developed into a resou
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Page 101 and 102: natural factors. There are two majo
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Page 111 and 112: 3.7 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING MANAGE
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Page 119 and 120: Table 3-2: Priority issues to be ad
Page 121 and 122: 3.7.2.3 Proposed criteria for futur
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Page 125 and 126: • clearing of small access channe
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Page 129 and 130: Strategic Objectives • To sustain
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Page 137 and 138: THEMATIC AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC Strat
Page 139 and 140: 5.1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF VIABLE MANAG
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Page 145 and 146: The maintance of this delicate bala
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Page 149 and 150: c) Existing lodges would continue,
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Page 165 and 166: Butzer, K. W., 1984. Archeogeology
Page 167 and 168: Hancock, P. 2003b. Saddle-billed St
Page 169 and 170: McCarthy, T.S., W.N. Ellery and A.
Page 171 and 172: ODMP, 2006. Slaty Egret Baseline Su
Page 173 and 174: simulated SPOT VEGETATION imagery.
Page 175 and 176: Tyson, P.D.R. Fuchs, C. Fu, L. Lebe
Page 177 and 178: Appendix I. 1: Action Plan<
Page 179 and 180: Strategic Goal 1: To establish viab
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Strategic Goal 2: To ensure the lon
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Strategic Goal 3: To sustainably us
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162 APPENDIX II - MONITORING AND EV
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Strategic Goal 1: To establish viab
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Appendix II. 2: Plan</stron
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180 APPENDIX III: ASSESSING IMPACTS
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I.1.3 Manpower capacity of the fish
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Appendix III. 2: Assessing Impacts
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B.2.4 The risk of Tsetse re-infesta
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