Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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international conventions. The most noteworthy instruments with provisions for the development of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> <strong>Management</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> are the National Vision 2016 (with attendant environmental policies and plan), the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Shared Water Courses, and the wetland management and planning guidance prepared by the <strong>Ramsar</strong> <strong>Convention</strong>. NEED FOR THE PLAN The existing diverse and complex nature of the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> in terms of its natural resources, its wide range of users and uses, its multiple managers (both in and outside government and including communities), and an array of national laws, policies and guidelines, as well as regional and international conventions, agreements and protocols, are all factors that dictate the need and determine the context for an integrated management planning process for the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>. PLANNING APPROACH The ODMP planning process borrowed from the <strong>Ramsar</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>ning Guidelines (<strong>Ramsar</strong> Secretariat 2006) and the Ecosystem Approach to wetlands management. The ODMP is anchored on the main principle of strengthening ownership through accountability and the active participation of all stakeholders both during development and implementation of the plan. The ownership of the ODMP process is premised on participatory mechanisms, association with international stakeholders, building partnerships at all levels and adopting an integrated and dynamic approach which recognises gender, HIV and AIDS and livelihoods elements. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS The <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> has approximately 1300 plant, 701 fish, 30 amphibian, 65 reptile, 445 bird and 120 mammal identified species. In the <strong>Delta</strong>, there are large variations in habitat patterns over small distances, although the <strong>Delta</strong> is very flat and is made up of homogeneous sand. Small differences in altitude of 1-2 m represent large differences in the frequency and duration of flooding, which creates gradients from permanent rivers and lagoons, to permanent swamps with reeds and papyrus, to seasonally flooded grasslands, occasionally flooded grasslands, riverine woodlands, and dry woodlands. Each of these ecosystems has a distinct species composition not only of plants, but also of reptiles, birds and mammals. In a biodiversity comparison (Junk et al. 2006) of seven globally important wetlands, of which six are located in tropics and sub-tropics, the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong> had a low number of fish species, but the second highest number of plants and mammals, third highest number of amphibians, and highest number of reptiles and birds. In particular the number of large mammal species and their high abundance are outstanding in the <strong>Okavango</strong> <strong>Delta</strong>. MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND ACTION PLANS The ecosystem approach provided guidance in categorising management interventions into three thematic areas or subsystems. This enables an integrated resource management planning approach in implementing management interventions. The three subsystems are the institutional, bio-physical and socio-economic subsystems. The institutional subsystem entails the management infrastructure and associated tools; the bio-physical includes the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem; and the socioeconomic comprises different uses that humans make of the components of the bio- xvii
physical subsystem. These are often referred to as the ecosystem services (sensu Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003). The overall goal of the plan, the strategic goals and the respective strategic objectives for the thematic areas are given Table 1-1. In addition the table presents the key issues from which the operational objectives are derived. The strategic objectives were subjected to a strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to determine operational objectives which are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timebound (SMART). These were in turn translated into action plans which are given in Appendix I. xviii
Page 1 and 2: i OKAVANGO DELTA MANAGEMENT PLAN PR
Page 3 and 4: 2.3 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATU
Page 5 and 6: 5.2.7 FIRE MANAGEMENT .............
Page 7 and 8: TABLE 3-4: CRITERIA FOR FUTURE PRIO
Page 9 and 10: Ministry of Environment, Wildlife a
Page 11 and 12: It stands to reason that the ODMP s
Page 13 and 14: This chapter describes the strategi
Page 15 and 16: xiv FRAMP Framework Managem
Page 17: OKAVANGO DELTA VISION EXECUTIVE SUM
Page 21 and 22: Strategic Goal Stategic Objective K
Page 23 and 24: maintain them it accords prominence
Page 25 and 26: this, but sectors should continue t
Page 27 and 28: 1.3 THE NEED FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN
Page 29 and 30: Instrument Year Objective Relevance
Page 31 and 32: Relavant conventions which Botswana
Page 33 and 34: 1.6.3.1 Project Design Phase Follow
Page 35 and 36: 1.6.3.5 Final Management</s
Page 37 and 38: Part of the catchment in Namibia co
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-3: The Okavango</s
Page 41 and 42: 2.1.5.3 Tertiary stakeholders These
Page 43 and 44: 2.1.6.7. Harry Oppenheimer
Page 45 and 46: The District Council is responsible
Page 47 and 48: The district is also affected by a
Page 49 and 50: which is itself an extension of the
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Page 53 and 54: Subsequently, flow from the Thamala
Page 55 and 56: capacity of these processes to elim
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Page 61 and 62: Figure 2-10: Distribution map of ra
Page 63 and 64: zooplankton biomass has been record
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Figure 2-11: Spatial Distribution o
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Figure 2-12: Land use map of the OR
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Parks and Game Reserves provide for
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2.4.3.1 Angola Quantities of water
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Table 2-10: Tourism Enterprise Lice
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2.4.6 2.4.6 FISHING The Oka
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2.4.7.2 Tsodilo Hills World Heritag
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2.4.8.2 Arable Farming Arable farmi
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can the correct management question
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2.7 TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE Total Econ
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household investors after deduction
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Table 2-16: Summary of the annual p
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2.7.2 INDIRECT USE VALUES In this s
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use value of ecosystems (refs). Thu
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HOORC-UB has developed into a resou
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found in the fringes of the <strong
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natural factors. There are two majo
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However, there are indications that
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molesta as well as of planktonic an
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employed. Cross-border re-invasion
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and use of the area’s resources,
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3.7 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING MANAGE
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No. Management Are
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No. Management Are
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No. Management Are
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Table 3-2: Priority issues to be ad
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3.7.2.3 Proposed criteria for futur
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2 = Moderate social benefits 3 = Lo
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• clearing of small access channe
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The overall goal of the ODMP sets t
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Strategic Objectives • To sustain
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Strategic Object 1.3: To raise publ
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4.3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SWOT ANALYSIS
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Table 4-4: Operational Objectives t
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THEMATIC AREA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC Strat
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5.1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF VIABLE MANAG
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upstream - downstream interactions
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photography, birding, sightseeing e
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The maintance of this delicate bala
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It also provides for their integrat
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c) Existing lodges would continue,
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Table 5-2: Characterization of cond
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Category Natural / Bio-physical Tou
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Category Natural / Bio-physical Tou
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vi. Where vegetation resources are
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d) There should be adequate equipme
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implementers are presented in Appen
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138 District and National Developme
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Butzer, K. W., 1984. Archeogeology
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Hancock, P. 2003b. Saddle-billed St
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McCarthy, T.S., W.N. Ellery and A.
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ODMP, 2006. Slaty Egret Baseline Su
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simulated SPOT VEGETATION imagery.
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Tyson, P.D.R. Fuchs, C. Fu, L. Lebe
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Appendix I. 1: Action Plan<
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Strategic Goal 1: To establish viab
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Strategic Goal 2: To ensure the lon
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Strategic Goal 3: To sustainably us
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162 APPENDIX II - MONITORING AND EV
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Appendix II. 2: Plan</stron
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180 APPENDIX III: ASSESSING IMPACTS
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I.1.3 Manpower capacity of the fish
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Appendix III. 2: Assessing Impacts
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B.2.4 The risk of Tsetse re-infesta
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Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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