Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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The direct use values generated by the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site also have a wider impact on Botswana’s economy through the multiplier effect. Thus, for example, tourist accommodation facilities in the <strong>Delta</strong> spend money on food and supplies from the agricultural and manufacturing sectors elsewhere in Botswana, and these second-round backward-linked expenditures contribute further gross value added to the national economy. A modified social accounting matrix (SAM) model of the Botswana economy was used (ODMP – Economic Valuation Report, 2006) to determine that for every P1.00 that direct uses contribute to the gross national product, another P1.50 in gross national product contribution is generated in the wider economy through demand created in backward linkages. Thus, the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site has a total annual (direct and indirect) impact on the gross national product amounting to P1.2 billion, or 2.6% of the total national gross national product. Eighty one percent of this total impact is contributed by the wetland. The multiplier effect is higher for the formal tourism sector activities than for household agriculture and natural resource use. However, policies aimed at reducing the fairly high import component of tourism linkages, might increase the multiplier effects further. The <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site contributes to livelihoods of its people through profits (both cash and inkind) from agricultural and natural resource use, through wages and salaries in the tourism sector and from rentals and royalties in the tourism sector. Poor households in the study area benefit from profits amounting to P99 million, from wages and salaries amounting to P102 million, and from rentals and royalties amounting to an estimated P25 million (ODMP – Economic Valuation Report, 2006). The wetland contributes less than 3% of profits, but nearly all the wages and royalty benefits. Of the direct contribution made to the gross national product by the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site (P472 million per annum), 31% accrues to low income elements of society. In the total (both direct and indirect) contribution made to the gross national product by the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site, this figure is lower, being some 18%. Botswana has a natural resource accounting programme and in this framework, the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site and the wetland were treated as natural assets within land or ecosystem accounts. The direct use values measured in this study represent the production or flow accounts. The asset or stock value of the <strong>Delta</strong>, measured as the present value in 2005 prices, of the expected future flow of resource rents from the <strong>Delta</strong>, was estimated at P3.9 billion for the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site and P3.4 billion for the wetland. In a preliminary qualitative analysis, the economic valuation study examined the likely effects of three future land use options on the direct use values. These involved the currently proposed land use plan (ODMP – Land Use and <strong>Management</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>, 2005), a second option where the emphasis was put on the expansion of agricultural lands, and a third option where the emphasis was put on protection of the natural assets of the <strong>Delta</strong>. In this preliminary scenario analysis, the currently proposed land use plan, which gives emphasis to complementary land use and wise use of the resources, emerged as the most economically efficient, contributing the greatest amount of national product. The plan thus appears optimal for the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site. The likely effects of external factors, involving water extraction plans and climate change predictions were tested in two further scenarios. These factors, particularly climate change, will reduce the value of the <strong>Ramsar</strong> Site. Therefore attention should be given in planning to any possible ways of ameliorating these effects. 85
3.7 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS 3.7.1 MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLAN 3.7.1.1 Criteria for prioritising management interventions The issues discussed in the previous sections were identified during the project design phase and confirmed during the inception phase (ODMP – Design Mission Report 2001), ODMP – Community Consultation and Feedback Report, 2004) and ODMP – Inception Report, 2005). In order to ensure buy-in and create ownership of the plan by the stakeholders a hot spot approach was used where a few issues were identified and addressed during the development of the plan. Prioritisation of issues was undertaken by stakeholders, that is the communities, the private sector and the implementing institutions. Issues were ranked according to prioritisation of criteria adopted by both communities and the private sector. The criteria were based on ranking the issues according to the frequency at which they were raised by the stakeholders. Table 3.1 below presents the selected priority issues and the interventions that were undertaken during the development of the plan. 86
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i OKAVANGO DELTA MANAGEMENT PLAN PR
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2.3 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATU
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5.2.7 FIRE MANAGEMENT .............
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TABLE 3-4: CRITERIA FOR FUTURE PRIO
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Ministry of Environment, Wildlife a
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It stands to reason that the ODMP s
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This chapter describes the strategi
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xiv FRAMP Framework Managem
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OKAVANGO DELTA VISION EXECUTIVE SUM
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physical subsystem. These are often
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Strategic Goal Stategic Objective K
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maintain them it accords prominence
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this, but sectors should continue t
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1.3 THE NEED FOR A MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Instrument Year Objective Relevance
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Relavant conventions which Botswana
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1.6.3.1 Project Design Phase Follow
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1.6.3.5 Final Management</s
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Part of the catchment in Namibia co
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Figure 2-3: The Okavango</s
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2.1.5.3 Tertiary stakeholders These
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2.1.6.7. Harry Oppenheimer
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The District Council is responsible
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The district is also affected by a
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which is itself an extension of the
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eastern from the central and wester
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Subsequently, flow from the Thamala
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capacity of these processes to elim
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dominated channel fringe and backsw
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Page 75 and 76: 2.4.3.1 Angola Quantities of water
Page 77 and 78: Table 2-10: Tourism Enterprise Lice
Page 79 and 80: 2.4.6 2.4.6 FISHING The Oka
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implementers are presented in Appen
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138 District and National Developme
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Butzer, K. W., 1984. Archeogeology
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Hancock, P. 2003b. Saddle-billed St
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McCarthy, T.S., W.N. Ellery and A.
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ODMP, 2006. Slaty Egret Baseline Su
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simulated SPOT VEGETATION imagery.
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Tyson, P.D.R. Fuchs, C. Fu, L. Lebe
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Appendix I. 1: Action Plan<
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Strategic Goal 1: To establish viab
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Strategic Goal 2: To ensure the lon
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Strategic Goal 3: To sustainably us
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162 APPENDIX II - MONITORING AND EV
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Appendix II. 2: Plan</stron
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180 APPENDIX III: ASSESSING IMPACTS
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I.1.3 Manpower capacity of the fish
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Appendix III. 2: Assessing Impacts
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B.2.4 The risk of Tsetse re-infesta
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Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

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