Okavango Delta Management Plan - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

2.3 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES .......................................................................................... 30
2.3.1 HABITAT DIVERSITY .................................................................................................................. 30
2.3.2 FLORA......................................................................................................................................... 31
2.3.3 FAUNA ........................................................................................................................................ 36
2.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES ............................................................................................................... 43
2.4.1 PAST AND CURRENT LAND USES ............................................................................................... 45
2.4.2 NATURE CONSERVATION AND COMUNITY BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ........ 47
2.4.3 WATER USE ................................................................................................................................49
2.4.4 TOURISM..................................................................................................................................... 51
2.4.5 HUNTING .................................................................................................................................... 53
2.4.6 FISHING....................................................................................................................................... 54
2.4.7 LANDSCAPE, AESTHETIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES...................................................... 55
2.4.8 AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................................................ 57
2.4.9 VEGETATION USE (HARVESTING) .............................................................................................. 58
2.4.10 WASTE MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................... 58
2.5 RESEARCH AND DATA MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................. 59
2.5.1 AVAILABLE INFORMATION AND DATA....................................................................................... 59
2.5.2 RESEARCH .................................................................................................................................. 59
2.6 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES – HIV AND AIDS, GENDER AND POVERTY................................................... 60
2.6.1 HIV AND AIDS........................................................................................................................... 60
2.6.2 GENDER ...................................................................................................................................... 61
2.6.3 POVERTY .................................................................................................................................... 61
2.7 TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE.................................................................................................................... 62
2.7.1 DIRECT USE VALUES.................................................................................................................. 63
2.7.2 INDIRECT USE VALUES............................................................................................................... 68
2.7.3 NON USE VALUES....................................................................................................................... 68
3 EVALUATION OF STATUS AND CONDITION ................................................................................ 71
3.1 INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING ISSUES ....................................................................................................... 71
3.1.1 VISION FOR THE DELTA.............................................................................................................. 71
3.1.2 DEA CAPACITY TO COORDINATE AND MONITOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ODMP ............... 71
3.1.3 CAPACITY OF SECTORS TO IMPLEMENT THE ODMP.................................................................. 72
3.1.4 POLICY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 72
3.2 BIO-PHYSICAL PLANNING ISSUES......................................................................................................... 73
3.2.1 ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND SERVICES................................................................................... 73
3.2.2 BIODIVERSITY............................................................................................................................. 73
3.2.3 POTENTIAL THREATS TO OKAVANGO DELTA RAMSAR SITE FUNCTIONING.............................. 74
3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING ISSUES................................................................................................... 78
3.3.1 LAND USE................................................................................................................................... 78
3.3.2 UNSUSTAINABLE USE OF VELD AND RANGE RESOURCES ......................................................... 79
3.3.3 WATER USE ................................................................................................................................79
3.3.4 TOURISM..................................................................................................................................... 80
3.3.5 WILDLIFE USE ............................................................................................................................ 80
3.3.6 FISHERIES ................................................................................................................................... 81
3.3.7 LIVESTOCK ................................................................................................................................. 81
3.3.8 WASTE MANAGEMENT............................................................................................................... 82
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