DigitalVideoAndHDTVAlgorithmsAndInterfaces.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

An MPEG bitstream must be constructed such that the decoder’s buffer doesn’t overflow: If it did, bits would be lost. The bitstream must also be constructed so that the buffer doesn’t underflow: If it did, a picture to be displayed would not be available at the required time. Buffer management in MPEG-2 is based upon an idealized model of the decoder’s buffer: All of the bits associated with each picture are deemed to be extracted from the decoder’s buffer at a certain precisely defined instant in time with respect to the bitstream. Every encoder implements a video buffering verifier (VBV) that tracks the state of this idealized buffer. Each picture header contains a VBV delay field that declares the fullness of the buffer at the start of that picture. After channel acquisition, a decoder waits for the specified amount of time before starting decoding. (If the decoder did not wait, buffer underflow could result.) Bitstream syntax The end product of MPEG-2 video compression is a bitstream partitioned into what MPEG calls a syntactic hierarchy having six layers: sequence, GOP, picture, slice, macroblock, and block. Except for the video sequence layer, which has a sequence end element, each syntactic element has a header and no trailer. The sequence, GOP, picture, and slice elements each begin with a 24-bit start code prefix of 23 zero-bits followed by a one-bit. A start code establishes byte alignment, and may be preceded by an arbitrary number of zerostuffing bits. All other datastream elements are constructed so as to avoid the possibility of 23 or more consecutive zero bits. Video sequence layer The top layer of the MPEG syntax is the video sequence. The sequence header specifies high-level parameters such as bit rate, picture rate, picture size, picture aspect ratio, profile, level, progressive/interlace, and chroma format. The VBV buffer size parameter declares the maximum buffer size required within the sequence. The sequence header may specify quantizer matrices. At the encoder’s discretion, the sequence header may be retransmitted intermittently or periodically throughout CHAPTER 40 MPEG-2 VIDEO COMPRESSION 493
Group of pictures (GOP header) the sequence, to enable rapid channel acquisition by decoders. The start of each interlaced video sequence establishes an immutable sequence of field pairs, ordered either {top, bottom, …}, typical of 480i, or {bottom, top, …}, typical of 576i and 1080i. Within a sequence, any individual field may be field-coded, and any two adjacent fields may be frame-coded; however, field parity must alternate in strict sequence. The GOP is MPEG’s unit of random access. The GOP layer is optional in MPEG-2; however, it is a practical necessity for most applications. A GOP starts with an I-frame. (Additional I-frames are allowed.) The GOP header contains SMPTE timecode, and closed GOP and broken link flags. A GOP header contains 23 bits of coded SMPTE timecode. If present, this applies to the first frame of the GOP (in display order). It is unused within MPEG. If a GOP is closed, no coded B-frame in the GOP may reference the first I-frame of the following GOP. This is inefficient, because the following I-frame ordinarily contains useful prediction information. If a GOP is open, or the GOP header is absent, then B-pictures in the GOP may reference the first I-frame of the following GOP. To allow editing of an MPEG bitstream, GOPs must be closed. A device that splices bitstreams at GOP boundaries can set broken link; this signals a decoder to invalidate B-frames immediately following the GOP’s first I-frame. Picture layer The picture header specifies picture structure (frame, top field, or bottom field), and picture coding type (I, P, or B). The picture header can specify quantizer matrices and quantizer scale type. The VBV delay parameter is used for buffer management. Slice layer A slice aggregates macroblocks as you would read, left to right and top to bottom. No slice crosses the edge of the picture. All defined profiles have “restricted slice 494 DIGITAL VIDEO AND HDTV ALGORITHMS AND INTERFACES
Page 3 and 4:
Digital Video and HDTV Algorithms a
Page 5 and 6:
Publishing Director: Diane Cerra Pu
Page 7 and 8:
Digital Video and HDTV Algorithms a
Page 10 and 11:
Raster images 1 This chapter introd
Page 12 and 13:
4:3 16:9 Figure 1.3 Pan-and-scan cr
Page 14 and 15:
Figure 1.7 Pixel arrays of several
Page 16 and 17:
SDTV 1’ ( 1⁄60°) d= 1⁄480 SD
Page 18 and 19:
See Appendix B, Introduction to rad
Page 20 and 21:
4095 101 100 0 ∆ = 1% 40.95 : 1 F
Page 22 and 23:
See Bit depth requirements, on page
Page 24 and 25:
Resolution properly refers to spati
Page 26 and 27:
The oct in octave refers to the eig
Page 28 and 29:
Sound pressure level, relative 1 0
Page 30 and 31:
Figure 2.4 Footroom and headroom ar
Page 32 and 33:
Figure 3.1 Contrast control determi
Page 34 and 35:
SMPTE RP 71, Setting Chromaticity a
Page 36 and 37:
Figure 3.7 Brightness control in Ph
Page 38 and 39:
Raster images in computing 4 This c
Page 40 and 41:
Symbolic image description Many met
Page 42 and 43:
Grayscale A grayscale image represe
Page 44 and 45:
Poynton, Charles, “The rehabilita
Page 46 and 47:
The browser-safe palette forms a ra
Page 48 and 49:
Image width is the product of socal
Page 50 and 51:
Don’t confuse PSF with progressiv
Page 52 and 53:
Figure 5.3 Diagonal line reconstruc
Page 54 and 55:
Figure 5.7 Bitmapped graphic image,
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 5.8 Gaussian spot size. Soli
Page 58 and 59:
Flicker is sometimes redundantly ca
Page 60 and 61:
The word raster is derived from the
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 6.3 Production aperture comp
Page 64 and 65:
TEST SCENE SCANNING FIRST FIELD Ima
Page 66 and 67:
Progressive Interlaced Image row 0
Page 68 and 69:
FIRST FIELD SECOND FIELD Figure 6.1
Page 70 and 71:
Table 6.3 Video systems are classif
Page 72 and 73:
An electrical engineer may call thi
Page 74 and 75:
When digital information is process
Page 76 and 77:
Resolution properly refers to spati
Page 78 and 79:
Figure 7.6 Vertical resolution in 4
Page 80 and 81:
Pixel count places a constraint on
Page 82 and 83:
The term luminance is widely misuse
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 8.4 Nonlinearly coded relati
Page 86 and 87:
Tristimulus values are correctly re
Page 88 and 89:
Giorgianni, Edward J., and T.E. Mad
Page 90 and 91:
Simultaneous contrast ratio is the
Page 92 and 93:
Imaging system Some people suggest
Page 94 and 95:
Introduction to luma and chroma 10
Page 96 and 97:
Luma and color differences can be c
Page 98 and 99:
4:2:0 This scheme is used in JPEG/J
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 10.4 Interstitial chroma fil
Page 102 and 103:
The notation CCIR is often wrongly
Page 104 and 105:
Square sampling Component 4:2:2 Rec
Page 106 and 107:
Component 4:2:2 Rec. 601-5 The tech
Page 108 and 109:
See Table 13.1, on page 114, and th
Page 110 and 111:
NTSC stands for National Television
Page 112 and 113:
NTSC and PAL encoding NTSC or PAL e
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 12.2 S-video interface invol
Page 116:
Concerning the absence of D-4 in th
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 13.1 Comparison of aspect ra
Page 121 and 122:
ATSC A/53, Digital Television Stand
Page 123 and 124:
System Scanning SMPTE standard STL
Page 125 and 126:
data stored in scan-line order, hor
Page 127 and 128:
Compression ratio Quality/applicati
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 14.2 MPEG group of pictures
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 14.6 Example GOP I0B1B2P3B4B
Page 133 and 134:
Many MPEG terms - such as frame, pi
Page 135 and 136:
Voltage, mV 700 350 0 -300 Code, 8-
Page 137 and 138:
SMPTE 259M, 10-Bit 4:2:2 Component
Page 139 and 140:
Voltage, mV 700 350 SMPTE 305.2M, S
Page 141 and 142:
IEC 61883-1, Consumer audio/video e
Page 143 and 144:
For details concerning SCH, see pag
Page 145 and 146:
Some video switchers incorporate di
Page 148 and 149:
My explanation describes the origin
Page 150 and 151:
Figure 16.2 Cosine waves at exactly
Page 152 and 153:
1 1+ sin 0.75 ωt 2 0.5 Figure 16.6
Page 154 and 155:
0 1 2 3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Time,
Page 156 and 157:
-5 -4 -3 -2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -1
Page 158 and 159:
Impulse (point sampling) 0 1 t 0 2
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 16.12 [1, 1] FIR filter sums
Page 162 and 163:
Figure 16.17 5-tap FIR filter respo
Page 164 and 165:
Figure 16.20 Comb filter response r
Page 166 and 167:
125 ns, 45° at 1 MHz 125 ns, 90°
Page 168 and 169:
Compensation of undesired phase res
Page 170 and 171:
ωS 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞ Eq 16.3 Ne ≈ ⋅
Page 172 and 173:
We could use the term weighting, bu
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 16.26 FIR filter example, 25
Page 176 and 177:
1 1+ sin 0.44 ωt 2 0.5 Figure 16.2
Page 178 and 179:
Resampling, interpolation, and deci
Page 180 and 181:
Figure 17.1 Two-times upsampling st
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 17.4 Analog filter for direc
Page 184 and 185:
Julius O. Smith calls this Waring-
Page 186 and 187:
Smith, A.R., “Planar 2-pass textu
Page 188 and 189:
You can consider the entire stopban
Page 190 and 191:
1 1 1 512 2 2 8 = · In a direct im
Page 192:
Taken literally, decimation involve
Page 195 and 196:
0 Horizontal displacement (fraction
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 18.7 Spatial frequency spect
Page 199 and 200:
Schreiber, William F., and Donald E
Page 201 and 202:
Oversampling to double the number o
Page 203 and 204:
10 k 1 k 100 10 1 100 m 10 m 100 1
Page 205 and 206:
Viewing environment Max. luminance,
Page 207 and 208:
ISO 5-1, Photography - Density meas
Page 209 and 210:
Campbell, F.W., and V.G. Robson,
Page 211 and 212:
See Introduction to radiometry and
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Figure 20.2 Luminance and lightness
Page 218 and 219:
Figure 21.1 Example coordinate syst
Page 220 and 221:
Power, relative 400 500 600 700 Wav
Page 222 and 223:
B G 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700
Page 224 and 225:
The term sharpening is used in the
Page 226 and 227:
Grassmann’s Third Law: Sources of
Page 228 and 229:
1 y = 1- x 1 Spectral locus Line of
Page 230 and 231:
Figure 21.9 SPDs of blackbody radia
Page 232 and 233:
Tungsten illumination can’t have
Page 234 and 235:
∆E* is pronounced DELTA E-star. i
Page 236 and 237:
McCamy argues that under normal con
Page 238:
Wyszecki, Günter, and W.S. Styles,
Page 241 and 242:
If you are unfamiliar with the term
Page 243 and 244:
CIE standards established in 1964 w
Page 245 and 246:
Table 22.2 NTSC primaries (obsolete
Page 247 and 248:
IEC FDIS 61966-2-1, Multimedia syst
Page 249 and 250:
Michael Brill and R.W.G. Hunt argue
Page 251 and 252:
CMF of X sensor CMF of Y sensor CMF
Page 253 and 254:
CMF of Red sensor CMF of Green sens
Page 255 and 256:
Spectral sensitivity of Red sensor
Page 257 and 258:
For the D 65 reference now standard
Page 259 and 260:
Eq 22.10 RGB components where one o
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Poynton, Charles, “Wide Gamut Dev
Page 265 and 266:
Opto-electronic transfer function (
Page 267 and 268:
Roberts, Alan, “Measurement of di
Page 269 and 270:
The importance of rendering intent,
Page 271 and 272:
See Headroom and footroom, on page
Page 273 and 274:
Eq 23.7 Video signal, V’ 1.2 1.0
Page 275 and 276:
Figure 23.5 Rec. 709, sRGB, and CIE
Page 277 and 278:
PDP and DLP devices are commonly de
Page 279 and 280:
Concerning the conversion between R
Page 281 and 282:
Video, PC TRISTIM. Computergenerate
Page 283 and 284:
An SGI workstation can be set to ha
Page 285 and 286:
The Rec. 709 function is suitable f
Page 287 and 288:
What are loosely called JPEG files
Page 289 and 290:
+1 G AXIS 0 G Bk 0 255 G’ COMPONE
Page 291 and 292:
Here the term color difference refe
Page 293 and 294:
Figure 24.3 shows a time delay elem
Page 295 and 296:
See Appendix A, YUV and luminance c
Page 297 and 298:
Nonlinear red, green, blue (R’G
Page 299 and 300:
The mismatch between the primaries
Page 301 and 302:
XYZ or R 1G 1B 1 TRISTIMULUS 3×3 (
Page 303 and 304:
Owing to the dependence of the opti
Page 305 and 306:
Luma/color difference component set
Page 307 and 308:
System Notation Color difference sc
Page 309 and 310:
For a discussion of primary chromat
Page 311 and 312:
Figure 25.2 P BP R components for S
Page 313 and 314:
The Y’P B P R and Y’C B C R sca
Page 315 and 316:
Eq 25.6 Eq 25.7 You can determine t
Page 317 and 318:
+128 +127 0 -128 (clipped) 0 Figure
Page 319 and 320:
When the term Y’UV (or YUV) is en
Page 321 and 322:
Yl G G Figure 26.1 B’-Y’, R’-
Page 323 and 324:
Figure 26.3 CBCR compo- +112 nents
Page 325 and 326:
Concerning Pointer, see the margina
Page 327 and 328:
Equations 26.12 and 26.13 are writt
Page 330 and 331:
100% 90% 50% 10% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 Y
Page 332 and 333:
Active lines (vertically) encompass
Page 334 and 335:
Back porch is described in Analog h
Page 336 and 337:
255 Full-range code, computing 0 -1
Page 338 and 339:
danger in using such operations: Up
Page 340 and 341:
If you use CTI, you run the risk of
Page 342 and 343:
See Appendix A, YUV and luminance c
Page 344 and 345:
Eq 28.3 Eq 28.4 Eq 28.5 Eq 28.6 1
Page 346 and 347:
It is unfortunate that the formulat
Page 348 and 349:
COMPOSITE NTSC VIDEO Y’/C SEPARAT
Page 350 and 351:
COMPOSITE PAL VIDEO Y’/C SEPARATO
Page 352 and 353:
COMPOSITE VIDEO or S-video LUMA COM
Page 354:
COMPOSITE NTSC VIDEO Saturation Hue
Page 357 and 358:
Y’ C f SC Figure 29.1 Y’/C spec
Page 359 and 360:
1 2 ... 262 263 Figure 29.4 Color s
Page 361 and 362:
Figure 29.7 Dot crawl is exhibited
Page 363 and 364:
1 2 3 4 ... Figure 29.9 Color subca
Page 365 and 366:
COMPOSITE PAL VIDEO Y’/C SEPARATO
Page 367 and 368:
t Opposite field Y’+C t+1⁄59.94
Page 369 and 370:
CHROMA FILTER RESPONSE CHROMA (C) S
Page 371 and 372:
CHROMA (C) SPECTRAL POWER LUMA (Y
Page 373 and 374:
Because an analog demodulator canno
Page 375 and 376:
Y’ I Q 1.3 MHz 600 kHz SUBCARRIER
Page 377 and 378:
A decoder cannot determine whether
Page 379 and 380:
525 · 60 = 15750 2 Line rate The t
Page 381 and 382:
60 1000 525× 2 1001 315 88 3 57954
Page 383 and 384:
Sampling NTSC at 4f SC gives 910 sa
Page 385 and 386:
60 Hz 7 · 5 · 5 · 3 525/60 (480
Page 387 and 388:
3· 588· 25 Hz = 44100 Hz 3 490 30
Page 389 and 390:
See Frame, field, line, and sample
Page 391 and 392:
SMPTE 258M, Television - Transfer o
Page 393 and 394:
The IRE unit is introduced on page
Page 395 and 396:
SMPTE 12M, Time and Control Code. S
Page 397 and 398:
The V and H bits are asserted durin
Page 399 and 400:
* 1250/50 is an exception; see SMPT
Page 401 and 402:
See NTSC two-frame sequence, on pag
Page 403 and 404:
SMPTE 260M describes a scheme, now
Page 405 and 406:
SMPTE 292M, Bit-Serial Digital Inte
Page 407 and 408:
A Naive combined sync establishes h
Page 409 and 410:
1 PRE- BROAD EQUALIZATION PULSES 0V
Page 411 and 412:
Most lines have a single normalwidt
Page 413 and 414:
1 23 4 5 6 7 Figure 34.6 Sync separ
Page 415 and 416:
Figure 34.7 BNC connector Figure 34
Page 418 and 419:
Figure 35.1 A videotape recorder (V
Page 420 and 421:
In consumer VCR search mode playbac
Page 422 and 423:
Heads for other longitudinal tracks
Page 424 and 425:
The term sync in sync block is unre
Page 426 and 427:
Notation Component analog VTRs are
Page 428 and 429:
Even if playback errors are so seve
Page 430 and 431:
Notation Method Tape width (track p
Page 432 and 433:
D-7 (DVCPRO), DVCAM runs twice the
Page 434 and 435:
D-12 (DVCPRO HD) The DV standard wa
Page 436 and 437:
Figure 36.1 “2-3 pulldown” refe
Page 438 and 439:
Film is transferred to 576i25 video
Page 440 and 441:
FILM A A VIDEO, 2-3 PULLDOWN A VIDE
Page 442 and 443:
Native 24 Hz coding Traditionally,
Page 444 and 445:
Figure 37.1 Test scene FIRST FIELD
Page 446 and 447:
For a modest improvement over 2-tap
Page 448 and 449:
Figure 37.13 Interstitial spatial f
Page 450: IN Figure 37.17 Cosited spatial fil
Page 454 and 455: ISO/IEC 10918, Information Technolo
Page 456 and 457: Figure 38.2 DCT concentrates image
Page 458 and 459: Eq 38.1 Owing to the eight-line-hig
Page 460 and 461: In MPEG-2, DC terms can be coded wi
Page 462 and 463: Figure 38.8 Zigzag scanning is used
Page 464 and 465: Figure 38.12 Compression ratio cont
Page 466 and 467: Hamilton, Eric, JPEG File Interchan
Page 468 and 469: Concerning DVC recording, see page
Page 470 and 471: 356 357 358 359 Figure 39.2 Chroma
Page 472 and 473: CMs in a segment are denoted a thro
Page 474 and 475: For a more elaborate description, a
Page 476 and 477: DV HD HD stands for high definition
Page 478: IEC 61904, Video recording - Helica
Page 481 and 482: MPEG-2 specifies several algorithmi
Page 483 and 484: 422P@ML allows 608 lines at 25 Hz f
Page 485 and 486: Figure 40.1 MPEG-2 frame picture co
Page 487 and 488: If horizontal size or vertical size
Page 489 and 490: A prediction region in an anchor fr
Page 491 and 492: Each nonintra macroblock in an inte
Page 493 and 494: Figure 40.4 Frame DCT type involves
Page 495 and 496: Distributed refresh does not guaran
Page 497 and 498: Whether an encoder actually searche
Page 499: Figure 40.9 Buffer occupancy in MPE
Page 503 and 504: Gibson, Jerry D., Toby Berger, Tom
Page 506 and 507: f FR f H 30 = ≈ 29. 97 Hz 1. 001
Page 508 and 509: Concerning closed captions, see ANS
Page 510 and 511: CHAPTER 41 480 i COMPONENT VIDEO 50
Page 512 and 513: SMPTE RP 187, Center, Aspect Ratio
Page 514 and 515: 8-bit code 235 125 1 / 2 16 Figure
Page 516 and 517: Voltage, mV 700 350 0 -300 0 H EIA/
Page 518 and 519: 480i NTSC composite video 42 Althou
Page 520 and 521: Concerning the association of U wit
Page 522 and 523: IEC 60933-5 (1992-11) Interconnecti
Page 524 and 525: 8-bit code 200 176.25 70.5 60 4 757
Page 526 and 527: Derived line rate is 15.625 kHz. It
Page 528 and 529: For details concerning VITC in 576i
Page 530 and 531: CHAPTER 43 576 i COMPONENT VIDEO 52
Page 532 and 533: SMPTE RP 187, Center, Aspect Ratio
Page 534 and 535: Code 235 125 1 / 2 16 Figure 43.2 5
Page 536 and 537: 1135 4 1 + = 625 709379 2500 = 283.
Page 538 and 539: See NTSC Y’IQ system, on page 365
Page 540 and 541: 8-bit code 211 137.5 64 EBU Tech. 3
Page 542 and 543: ANSI/EIA-189-A, Encoded Color Bar S
Page 544 and 545: Figure 45.3 NTSC- Encoded 100/0/75/
Page 546 and 547: ITU-R Rec. BT.471, Nomenclature and
Page 548 and 549: Figure 45.7 Modulated 5-step stair
Page 550 and 551:
( ) PULSE T The risetime, from 10%
Page 552:
Figure 45.12 FCC composite test sig
Page 555 and 556:
tri Trilevel pulse BR Broad pulse T
Page 557 and 558:
550 DIGITAL VIDEO AND HDTV ALGORITH
Page 559 and 560:
Component digital 4:2:2 interface Y
Page 561 and 562:
Passband insertion gain, dB Stopban
Page 564 and 565:
SMPTE 274M, 1920 × 1080 Scanning a
Page 566 and 567:
tri Trilevel pulse BR Broad pulse L
Page 568 and 569:
Trilevel sync comprises a negative
Page 570 and 571:
Vertical interval video lines do no
Page 572 and 573:
RGB primary components Picture info
Page 574:
mV +700 +350 +300 0 -300 -44 +44 0H
Page 578 and 579:
ITU-R Rec. BT.470, Conventional tel
Page 580 and 581:
PAL-D is ambiguous, referring eithe
Page 582 and 583:
Bower, A.J., NICAM 728 - Digital Tw
Page 584 and 585:
SECAM had an advantage during the 1
Page 586 and 587:
Consumer analog NTSC and PAL 49 Con
Page 588 and 589:
Macrovision is a proprietary, paten
Page 590 and 591:
CENELEC EN 50049-1:1989 IEC 60933-1
Page 592:
VHS trick mode playback A VHS VCR h
Page 595 and 596:
NHK Science and Technical Research
Page 597 and 598:
I and Q refer to in-phase and quadr
Page 599 and 600:
Weiss, S. Merrill, Issues in Advanc
Page 602 and 603:
YUV and luminance considered harmfu
Page 604 and 605:
Pritchard, D.H., “U.S. Color Tele
Page 606 and 607:
When I say NTSC and PAL, I refer to
Page 608 and 609:
ANSI/IESNA RP-16, Nomenclature and
Page 610 and 611:
Palmer, James M., “Getting Intens
Page 612 and 613:
Differentiate w.r.t. AREA power, P
Page 614:
Ashdown, Ian, Radiosity: A Programm
Page 617 and 618:
50 Hz. Each film frame is scanned t
Page 619 and 620:
601 See Rec. 601, on page 643. 625/
Page 621 and 622:
B-picture In MPEG, a bidirectionall
Page 623 and 624:
BT.601, BT.709 See Rec. 601 and Rec
Page 625 and 626:
CIE luminance, CIE Y See Luminance.
Page 627 and 628:
information rate of the color diffe
Page 629 and 630:
Contrast 1. Contrast ratio; see bel
Page 631 and 632:
D-10 A SMPTE-standard component SDT
Page 633 and 634:
Drive (n.) A periodic pulse signal
Page 635 and 636:
2. In traditional video usage, the
Page 637 and 638:
G/PAL See PAL-B/G/H, on page 640. (
Page 639 and 640:
4. User-accessible means to adjust
Page 641 and 642:
K-factor, K-rating A numerical char
Page 643 and 644:
Luma A video signal representative
Page 645 and 646:
2. In a camera or scanner, the cond
Page 647 and 648:
Offset sampling Obsolete scanning t
Page 649 and 650:
numerical parameter having a value
Page 651 and 652:
Rendering intent Encoding and subse
Page 653 and 654:
which is a function of the distribu
Page 655 and 656:
Standards conversion Conversion, in
Page 657 and 658:
transmission; or to color differenc
Page 659 and 660:
Y’/C629, Y’/C688 Y’C 1 C 2 Y
Page 661 and 662:
177 Mb/s 129-130 18 MHz sampling ra
Page 663 and 664:
ambient illumination (cont’d) in
Page 665 and 666:
inary group flags (in timecode) 386
Page 667 and 668:
chroma (cont’d) modulation 94, 10
Page 669 and 670:
color (cont’d) difference coding
Page 671 and 672:
CRC (cyclic redundancy check) in HD
Page 673 and 674:
Dolby 589 dominance, field 430 dot
Page 675 and 676:
factor interlace 68, 70 K 542 Kell
Page 677 and 678:
framebuffer 7 framestore 7 France 9
Page 679 and 680:
hue (cont’d) hue decoder control
Page 681 and 682:
ITU-T fax 7, 118 former CCITT 118 H
Page 683 and 684:
longitudinal timecode 382, 384 Look
Page 685 and 686:
N N/PAL 96, 575-576 N10 see also PA
Page 687 and 688:
Panasonic 509-510 Paraguay 576 pari
Page 689 and 690:
pulse (cont’d) colorframe 404 equ
Page 691 and 692:
RMS (root mean square) 19, 146 Robe
Page 693 and 694:
(sin x)/x 147, 149 (graph) also kno
Page 695 and 696:
SVM (scan-velocity modulation) 330,
Page 697 and 698:
uniformity, perceptual 21 in DCT/JP
Page 699 and 700:
widescreen 4 HDTV 112 SDTV 99 480i
Page 701:
This book is set in the Syntax type
show all

DigitalVideoAndHDTVAlgorithmsAndInterfaces.pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?