DigitalVideoAndHDTVAlgorithmsAndInterfaces.pdf

50 Hz. Each film frame is scanned twice; once to produce the first
field (or frame), and once again to produce the second field (or
frame). See also 2-3 pulldown, below.
2-3 pulldown A process by which motion picture film is transferred to video at
a field (or, in progressive scanning, frame) rate of 59.94 Hz or
60 Hz. Alternate film frames are scanned first two then three
times to form successive video pictures. For transfer to 59.94 Hz,
the film is run 0.1% slower than 24 frames per second.
2:1 interlace See Interlace, on page 632.
24PsF 24 frames per second, progressive segmented-frame. Image
format is typically 1920×1080. See PsF, on page 642.
+25 Hz offset In studio or broadcast PAL with 576i scanning, subcarrier
frequency is nominally an odd multiple of one-quarter the line
rate (e.g., 1135 ⁄4 f H ), plus 25 Hz.
3:1:1 Component digital video wherein each C B and C R component is
horizontally subsampled by a factor of 3 with respect to luma, and
not subsampled vertically.
3-2 pulldown See 2-3 pulldown, above. The notation 3-2 pulldown is misleading
because SMPTE standards denote as the A-frame the first film
frame in the four-frame sequence; that frame is associated with
the first and second fields of one picture, and is scanned twice
(not three times).
3.58 MHz More precisely, 3.579545 MHz, or exactly, 5× 63 ⁄88 MHz: The
color subcarrier frequency of 480i NTSC video.
4f SC
Composite digital video using a sampling frequency of 4 times the
color subcarrier frequency. There are 480i and 576i versions of
4f SC . The corresponding 19 mm videotape format is denoted D-2.
4:1:1 Chroma subsampling wherein C B and C R components are horizontally
subsampled by a factor of 4 with respect to luma, and not
subsampled vertically.
4:2:0 This confusing notation denotes chroma subsampling wherein C B
and C R chroma components are subsampled both vertically and
horizontally by a factor of 2, with respect to luma. There are two
variants of 4:2:0 chroma: interstitial 4:2:0, used in JPEG/JFIF,
H.261, and MPEG-1; and cosited 4:2:0, used in MPEG-2.
4:2:0p A 483p59.94, 4:2:0 progressive-scan system specified in
SMPTE 294M, using a variant of 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, typically
conveyed on a single SDI link operating at 360 Mb/s.
4:2:2 1. Chroma subsampling wherein each C B and C R component is
horizontally subsampled by a factor of 2 with respect to luma, and
not subsampled vertically.
610 DIGITAL VIDEO AND HDTV ALGORITHMS AND INTERFACES