Jack Salzman, Cornel West Struggles in the Promised

172 // CHERYL GREENBERG
see, for example, Leonard Harris, ed., The Philosophy of Alain Locke (Philadelphia,
1989)- Kallen himself later repented of his early essentialism. For an excellent history
of the many meanings of pluralism see Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity
(Baltimore, 1992).
12. See, for example, Meier Steinbrink, ADL, to Mr. [sic], fundraising letter
on behalf of the NAACP, 18 May 1949, NAACP II A 363; '"Covenants' Hit by
Jewish Groups in Court Brief," ADL Bulletin 4 (December 1947): 1; AJCong, CLSA,
"Monthly Report," July 1946, NAACP II A 360. Shelley v. Kraemer 334 U.S.I (1948),
Sipes v. McGhee 334 U.S. 1 (1948), Hurdv. Hodge 334 U.S.24 (1948).
13. Rabbi Berman, AJCongress Executive Committee Meeting, Minutes, 11
December 1949, p. 107, AJCong papers, box "admin and exec cmttee mins 46—50."
14. Testimony can be found in the papers of the NCJW, NCNW, ADL, AJC,
AJCong, NAACP, NUL, JLC, and similar organizations, as well as in the papers of
each coalition. The Balance Sheet pamphlets were jointly published by the AJCong and
NAACP.
15. There are many such examples, found throughout the records of these agen-
cies, on both the local and national level, including a Black and Jewish effort to challenge
degrading stereotypes in Hollywood, the production of tolerance literature for
schools, churches and civic groups, meetings with local newspaper editors over coverage,
editorial policy, or advertising guidelines, or challenging racial and religious quo-
tas in private professional and graduate schools. To take just one, the AJCong chal-
lenged the Commercial Travelers Mutual Accident Association regarding their policy
of restricting membership to "white male persons." H.E. Trevett, CTMAA to Mr.
[sic], 18 February 1942, NAACP II A 360. Anti-mask legislation prohibited the
wearing of masks in public and was obviously directed at the Klan. Oftentimes Jewish
organizations worked for Black civil rights in the south against the wishes of the local
Jewish community; this was the source of a great deal of intra-community strife. For
a fuller discussion of this topic see Cheryl Greenberg, "The Southern Jewish
Community and the Struggle for Civil Rights," in Nancy Grant and V.P. Franklin,
eds., "Blacks and Jews in American History." (forthcoming).
16. Peekskill: see, for example, ACLU, Americans for Democratic Action,
AJCong, American Veterans Committee, Council Against Intolerance, NAACP,
"Statement on Grand Jury Inquiry into Peekskill Riots," 22 September 1949,
NAACP II A 467 (which contains a folder on the riot); NJCRAC, "Suggestions for
the Guidance of Jewish Organizations In Connection with the Paul Robeson Concert
Tour," 19 October 1949, ADL micro "Chicago reel 12"; AJC Domestic Affairs
Committee, Minutes, 4 October 1949, p. 5, bound volume in AJC library; Gloster
Current, NAACP, to NY Branches, 2 and 8 September 1949, NAACP II A 369; AJC
VF "Riots, Peekskill New York." Miami and anti-Klan efforts: AJC Community files;
ADL National Commission Meeting, 24—25 October 1952, p. 303, ADL warehouse