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44. As quoted in Van Deburg, New Day In Babylon, p. 113. David M. Ment,
"Education and the Black Community in Nineteenth-Century Brooklyn," in
Educating an Urban People, ed. Diana Ravitch and Ronald K. Goodman (New York,
1981), p. 27. Harold X. Connolly, A Ghetto Grows in Brooklyn (New York, 1977), pp.
129—36, 141—42. Throughout much of America, postwar suburbanization was
designed to exclude rather than include Blacks. Their greater concentration in inner
cities reflected housing and lending practices—Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontiers
(New York, 1985), pp. 241-42.
45. Connolly, A Ghetto Grows in Brooklyn, pp. 135-41, 212-22. Van Deburg, New
Day In Babylon, pp. 112—29.
46. Kurt Lang and Gladys Land, "Resistance of School Desegregation: A Case
Study of Backlash Among Jews," Sociological Inquiry 35 (Winter 1965): 94-106.
47. A list of works on the controversy includes Maurice Berube and Marilyn
Gittell, eds., Confrontation at Ocean Hill—Brownsville: The New York School Strikes of
1968 (New York, 1969); Thomas R. Brooks, "Tragedy at Ocean Hill," Dissent 16
(January—February 1969): 28-40; Carter, Pickets, Parents, and Power; Mario Fantini,
Marilyn Gittell, and Richard Magate, Community Control and Urban School (New York,
1970); Martin Mayer, The Teachers Strike: New York, 1968 (New York, 1969), chapter
12; Marjorie Murphy, Blackboard Unions (Ithaca, 1990), pp. 233-46; Diane Ravitch,
The Great School Wan: New York City, 1805-1973 (New York, 1974); and David
Rogers, /10 Living-ton Street Revisited: Decentralization in Action (New York, 1983).
48. On the early history of Jewish involvement in New York City education, see
Selma Berrol, "The Open City: Jews, Jobs, and Schools in New York City,
1880-1915," in Ravitch and Goodman, eds., Educating an Urban People, pp. 101—15,
and Sherry Gorelick, City College and the Jewish Poor (New Brunswick, NJ, 1981).
Quote from Berube and Gittell, eds., Confrontation at Ocean Hill-Brownsville, pp.
209-10.
49. In fact, of the 541 teachers in the Ocean Hill—Brownsville demonstration
project, an advertisement listed 70 percent as white; of that percentage, 50 percent as
Jewish. Reprinted in Berube and Gittell, eds., Confrontation at Ocean Hill—Brownsville,
pp. 170—73. Student figures noted in Connolly, A Ghetto Grows in Brooklyn, pp.
220-21.
50. New York Times, 5 January, 8 March, 18 August, 5, 7, 10, 13, 21, 30
September, and 26, 30 October 1968. Berube and Gittell, eds., Confrontation at Ocean
Hill-Brownsville, pp. 104-75; Carter, Pickets, Parents, and Power, pp. 7-42, 107-29;
Murphy, Blackboard Unions, pp. 233-46.
51. Curiously, the patently anti-Semitic flyer attributed to Blacks identified a
community group that did not exist. Certainly members of the Black community
were capable of producing such statements. Nonetheless, in light of the scope of