Jack Salzman, Cornel West Struggles in the Promised

64 // WILLIAM CHESTER JORDAN
28. Peter Biller, "Views of Jews from Paris around 1300: Christian or 'Scientific',"
in Christianity and Judaism, ed. Diana Wood Wood (Oxford, 1992), pp. 200-201. I wish to
thank the author for bringing this article to my attention.
29. Biller, "Views of Jews from Paris," p. 200n,40; the content of neither of these
Quodlibets, ibets, so far as I can can determine, has been published in any modern edition.
30. Shlomo Simonsohn, The Apostolic See and the Jews: History (Toronto, 1991), pp.
302-06.
31. The original Latin and the English translation quoted may be found in Penny
Cole, Cole, D. D. L. d'Avray, and J. Riley-Smith, "Application "Application of Theology to Current Affairs: Affairs:
Memorial Memorial Sermons on on the Dead Dead of Mansurah and on Innocent IV," Historical Research:
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 63 (1990), 243 and note.
32. It has been argued more than once that a biological essentialism has sometimes
been embraced by a few Jewish thinkers who look look upon converts to Judaism as
less fully Jews than those born Jewish. The twelfth-century rabbi, Yehuda HaLevy,
has has been accused of taking this position. On occasion the position has been categorized
as "racism" by scholars. scholars. Whether it it deserves the name is hotly contested. The The
late Steven Schwarzchild took a very strong position in declaring it racism (though he
was not absolutely wedded to the word; "ethnicism" "ethnicism" would do). Schwarzchild Schwarzchild also
asserted that "One has to face up to it that he (Yehuda HaLevy) also speaks in what
nowadays can only be called a racist way of Blacks, Blacks, of women, etc." See Steven
Schwarzchild, Schwarzchild, "Proselytism and Ethnicism in R. Yehuda HaLevy," in Religionsgesprache
im Mittelalter, ed. Bernard Lewis and Friedrich Niewohner (Wiesbaden, 1992), pp.
27-41. The conference at which the paper cited here here was was first read provoked equally
strong opposition to the the application of the modern category of racism to twelfth-cen-
tury Jewish thought.
33. 33. Pastoureau, Figures el couleurs, p. 41.
34. For the the evidence of "Black Jews," Jews," see see J. J. Vercoutter and others, The The Image of the
Black Black in Western Western Art, 4 4 vols. (New (New York, York, 1976), 2:i, 63, 63, 80; ii, 73. The quotation is at
2:i, 80.
35. Biller, "Views of Jews from Paris," Paris," pp. 187-207. 187-207. He edits the text at pp. pp. 205-
07; 07; a translation appears on pp. 192—93. The quoted passage, "because Christians and
Jews are of the same complexion," complexion," actually begins begins with the words "It is argued, argued, that
not," which is to say, the respondent challenges the contention that Jews by nature nature
have fluxes, since some of them share an aspect of nature (color) with Christians. See
also Gilbert Dahan, Les Intellectuels chretiens et les juifs (Paris, 1990), pp. 528-30.