Jack Salzman, Cornel West Struggles in the Promised

252 // EARL LEWIS
Emergence of Black Higher Education: Do-Gooders, Compromisers, or Co-
Conspirators, "Journal of Negro Education 50 (1981): 251-69.
31. Leonard Dinnerstein, Roger L. Nichols, and David Reimers, Natives and
Strangers (New York, 1990), pp. 136-37; Hamilton Holt, ed., The Life Stories of
Undistinguished Americans As Told by Themselves (London, 1990), pp. 21—28; Susan
Glenn, Daughters of the Shtetl: Life and Labor in the Immigrant Generation (Ithaca, NY,
1990).
32. David Levering Lewis, "Parallels and Divergences: Assimilationist Strategies
of Afro-American and Jewish Elites from 1910 to the Early 1930s," The Journal of
American History 71 (December 1984): 543-64.
33. Louis Harlan, "Booker T. Washington's Discovery of Jews," in J. Morgan
Kousser and James M. McPherson, Region, Race, and Reconstruction (New York, 1982),
pp. 267—79; on Warburg, p. 272. Harlan, Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee,
pp. 140-42.
34. Harlan, "Booker T. Washington's Discovery of Jews," pp. 272—75; Lewis,
"Parallels and Divergences," pp. 555-56.
35. Lewis, "Parallels and Divergences," pp. 559-63; David Levering Lewis,
W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race (New York, 1993), pp. 386-407, 486-90.
36. Sense of African American horror at the atrocities in Nazi-occupied territory
in Europe was relayed by Walter White to Stephen Wise in 1943; a facsimile of the
letter is reproduced in Jack Salzman, ed., Bridges and Boundaries: African Americans and
American Jews (New York, 1992), p. 213. Whiteness is reflected in increasing patterns
of cross-ethnic marriages. According to recent findings, such marriages are now the
rule rather than the exception. By the mid-1980s as many as 1 in 3 Jews married non-
Jews: see Richard Alba, Ethnic Identity: The Transformation of White America (New
Haven, 1990), pp. 12—15. Discussions of Black perceptions of Jews as whites are
offered by Letty Cottin Pogrebin ("Blacks and Jews: Different Kinds of Survival") and
Barbara Smith ("Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Relationships Between Black and
Jewish Women") in Salzman, ed., Bridges and Boundaries, pp. 132—40. The personal
pain of becoming white through rough encounters with Blacks is discussed in
Norman Podhoretz, "My Negro Problem—And Ours," in Bridges and Boundaries, pp.
108-17.
37. Marshall Field Stevenson, Jr., "Points of Departure, Acts of Resolve: Black-
Jewish Relations In Detroit, 1937—1962" (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan,
1988), chapters 3-4.
38. Interestingly, for all of the writing on Black-Jewish relations, much remains
speculative since there is still a great deal to know. What was life like for the Jewish
scholars, sent by conscience or opportunity, who taught at predominantly Black col-