Jack Salzman, Cornel West Struggles in the Promised

220 // PAUL BUHLE AND ROBIN D. G. KELLEY
Americans, 102, 133, 262, 307-309, 342; Foner, Organized Labor and the Black Worker
(New York, 1982); Marc Karson and Ronald Radosh, "The American Federation of
Labor and the Negro Worker, 1894—1949," in Julius Jacobson, ed., The Negro and the
American Labor Movement (Garden City, NJ, 1968); Bernard Mandel, "Samuel
Gompers and the Negro Worker, 1886—1914, "Journal of Negro History 40 (January
1955), 34-60.
8. See Paul Buhle, "The Jewish Left in the United States," in Paul Buhle and Dan
Georgakas, eds., The Immigrant Left in the United States (Albany, NY, 1996), 77-11.8.
9. Hasia R. Diner, In the Almost Promised Land: American Jews and Blacks,
1915-1935 (Westport, CT, 1977), 36-38; Robert Weisbord and Arthur Stein,
Bittersweet Encounter, 32—33; Franklin Jonas, "The Early Life and Career of B. Charney
Vladeck: A Study in Political Acculturation" (Ph.D. diss., New York University,
1970), chapter 2; Arthur Liebman, Jews and the Left (New York, 1979), 54-55. Of
course, a few leading conservative Jews were not only indifferent to the plight of
Black lynch victims but advocated lynching and vehemently rejected the analogy
with pogroms. Tensions between Blacks and Jews came to a head after President
Roosevelt sent a petition to the Russian Tsar in June, 1903, denouncing the massacre
of Jews at Kishineff. African American leaders not only protested the fact that the
petition included the names of Senators from Mississippi who had publicly justified
lynching as a necessity to "maintain law and order," but they were taken aback when
B'nai Brirh leader Solomon Cohen criticized the Black press for comparing the plight
of Jews and Blacks. Cohen argued that it was absurd "to contrast the advanced stage
of intellectual and moral development of the Jews in general with the limited progress
that masses of Negroes in America have made," and that lynching was justified since
they generally are responses to "crimes committed by individual Negroes." Philip S.
Foner, "Black-Jewish Relations in the Opening Years of the Twentieth Century,"
Phylon 36, no. 4 (Winter 1975), 362-363.
10. Quoted in Johnson, "Marxism and the Negro Freedom Struggle," 31.
11. Liebman, Jews and the Left, 45—47; on African Americans and the Social-
ist Party in the South and Southwest, see Green, Grass-Roots Socialism; Grady
McWhiney, "Louisiana Socialists in the Early Twentieth Century: A Study
of Rustic Radicalism." Journal of Southern History 20, no. 3 (1954), 315—36; E. F.
Andrews, "Socialism and the Negro." International Socialist Review 5, no. 7 (January
1905), 524-26.
12. Philip Foner, ed., Black Socialist Preacher (San Francisco, 1983), 319, from the
Chicago Daily Socialist, November 9, 1908.
13. Foner, ed., Black Socialist Preacher, 92—93.
14. Ibid., 103-4, 127.
15. Johnson, "Marxism and the Negro Freedom Struggle," 32-3.3.