Jack Salzman, Cornel West Struggles in the Promised

Affirmative Action: Jewish Ideals, Jewish Interests \\ 319
on Quotas and Race Relations" that firmly came down on the side of individual,
rather than group, rights. The early AJC statement called for an expansion of a number
of federal education, employment, and housing programs in order to render "special
assistance to special categories of people upon whom society has enforced special
burdens."
25. American Jewish Congress, Resolution, 1974; interview with Marc D. Stern,
20 November 1995.
26. 1976 position statement.
27. NCJW 1985-87 National Resolutions.
28. Letter from Sandra Isenstein, national president, to New York Jewish Week, 14
April 1995.
29. Wisdom expressed in popular treatments such as Jonathan Kaufman's Broken
Alliance: The Turbulent Times Between Blacks and Jews in America (New York, 1988),
217, 222—24, and passim, in which Kaufman lumps together the "defense" agencies as
if they were marching in lockstep with respect to their positions.
30. Agudath Israel of America, American Jewish Committee, American Jewish
Congress, Anti-Defamation League, Jewish Labor Committee, and Jewish War
Veterans.
31. Amsterdam News (New York), 29 September 1973.
32. More than in DeFunis, in which no decision was rendered.
33. Interview with Arnold Aronson, 8 November 1995.
34. Again, the key distinction with respect to quotas needs to be drawn: the
Jewish view of quotas as a means of keeping people out as against the "affirmativeaction"
view of letting people in.
35. NJCRAC 1980-81JPP, p. 47.
36. Anti-Defamation League press release, 26 June 1985.
37. NJCRAC 1982-83 JPP, p. 36.
38. Marc D. Stern, "Affirmative Action, the Law, and the Jews," 156.
39. NAACP Statement, 22 August 1983.
40. ADL "Resolution on Affirmative Action: Court Ordered Preferential Relief,"
October 1987.
41. P. 34.
42. The Federal Equal Opportunity Act introduced in the 104th Congress
(1995), sponsored by Senator Robert Dole (R-KS) and Representative Charles Canady