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public-policy matters, that position is articulated in NJCRAC's annual Joint Program
Plan.
10. As early as 1963, however, the American Jewish Committee had developed a
"Statement on Quotas and Race Relations." (See note 19-)
11. 1969-70 JPP, p. 14.
12. The analysis was developed by Albert D. Chernin of the Philadelphia JCRC,
and further explored by Benjamin Epstein of the Anti-Defamation League and Bert
Gold of the American Jewish Committee, at the session on affirmative action at the
1971 NJCRAC Plenum Session.
13. The intensity of the debate was reflected in the fact that a roll-call vote was
necessary to tally the votes of the delegates.
14. 1972-73 JPP, p. 23.
15. The Anti-Defamation League, the Jewish Labor Committee, and the Union
of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America were not in agreement with the recommended
position on goals and timetables, and therefore dissented in the Joint
Program Plan. (These agencies did not record a dissent at the Plenum.) The National
Council of Jewish Women—flip-flopping through the years on affirmative action—
did not formally dissent from the position, but during the debate joined those national
agencies in opposing the position.
16. 1973-74 JPP, p. 35.
17. 1974-76 JPP, pp. 27-29.
18. "Among the relevant qualifications for certain posts in certain circumstances..^
particular race or religious or ethnic group may be one," from 1973-74
JPP, p. 28. See as well 1970-71 JPP.
19. On this issue there was dissent by a number of NJCRAC agencies. See
1973-74 JPP, pp. 27-28.
20. See Appendix.
21. Marc D. Stern, "Affirmative Action, the Law, and the Jews," in Survey of Jewish
Affairs 1990 (London: Institute of Jewish Affairs, 1990), 147-48.
22. See, for example, Larry M. Lavinsky, "Preferential Treatment: A Legal View,"
ADL Bulletin (January 1973): 1-2, 6-8.
23. ADL policy statements, October 1969 and January 1972.
24. American Jewish Committee, "Statement on Affirmative Action," 1977. AJC
was the first of the agencies to take a stab at developing a cohesive approach to
affirmative action. In November 1963, the AJC Executive Board issued a "Statement