Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

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Host Response and Immunology Keynote Lecture Unraveling <strong>the</strong> Host Response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: One Thread at a Time Judith R. Stabel National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA The study <strong>of</strong> host immune responses to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is complicated by a number <strong>of</strong> factors, including <strong>the</strong> protracted nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease and <strong>the</strong> stealthy nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathogen. Improved tools for <strong>the</strong> measurement <strong>of</strong> immunologic responses in ruminant species, particularly <strong>the</strong> bovine, a key target species for MAP infection, has allowed <strong>the</strong> dissection <strong>of</strong> host immunologic responses to infection to some extent. Noted as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more fastidious mycobacteria, infection with MAP is <strong>of</strong>ten characterized by periods <strong>of</strong> subclinical infection extending for 3 to 5 years. Many animals will clear <strong>the</strong> infection during this period but it is almost impossible to distinguish by current methods animals that have cleared <strong>the</strong> infection from those that remain infected but are able to control <strong>the</strong> progression <strong>of</strong> disease. Escalation <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis to a more clinical state, marked by diarrhea and weight loss, is thought be caused by immune dysfunction. Due to <strong>the</strong> intracellular nature <strong>of</strong> MAP, <strong>the</strong> macrophage is <strong>the</strong> first defense against infection. However, MAP is able to disarm host defense mechanisms and survive within cells <strong>of</strong> key target tissues. This disarmament is likely due to <strong>the</strong> provocation <strong>of</strong> immune mediators that may be immunosuppressive in nature. Cytokines such as IL- 10 and TGF- β have been shown to mediate immunosuppression due to <strong>the</strong>ir inhibitory effects on CD4+ T cell activation and IFN- γ production. However, <strong>the</strong> dynamic between macrophages (APCs), T cells, and potentially B cells cannot be so easily explained, as a multifactorial dysregulation <strong>of</strong> host immunity is likely. 115
#172 Whole genome association study for Holstein susceptibility to MAP infection Brian W Kirkpatrick, Xianwei Shi, Xianwei Shi, Michael Collins, Michael Collins, George E. Shook, George E. Shook University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin-Madison, USA The objective <strong>of</strong> this study was to identify genetic markers associated with host susceptibility to MAP infection in Holstein cattle. Associated SNPs were identified by genotyping 521 Holstein cows, infected with MAP, and comparing allele frequency <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se positives with an estimate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> general Holstein population allele frequency. The population allele frequency estimate was derived from genotypes <strong>of</strong> 6,283 Holstein sires used by artificial insemination (AI). The 521 infected cows were actually 233 and 288 animals from two resource populations <strong>of</strong> about 5,000 head each collected independently. Population 1 was comprised primarily <strong>of</strong> daughters <strong>of</strong> twelve Holstein sires, used heavily within <strong>the</strong> US dairy cattle population during <strong>the</strong> time preceding sample collection (1999-2003). Samples were obtained from 300 cooperating commercial dairy herds throughout <strong>the</strong> US. Population 2 consisted <strong>of</strong> dairy cattle from six, large cooperating dairy herds in Wisconsin, with all animals in <strong>the</strong> herds tested for Johne’s disease as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research project. In both cases, only <strong>the</strong> animals with <strong>the</strong> highest ELISA scores (categorized as positive or strongly positive, versus low positive, suspect or negative) and/or positive fecal culture tests (Population 1) were genotyped. Genotyping was performed with <strong>the</strong> Illumina Bovine SNP50 Bead Chip, providing genotypes for 54,001 SNP markers. Data from <strong>the</strong> two resource populations was analyzed both in separate and combined analyses. The most significant markers from <strong>the</strong> individual and combined analyses (n=229) were used in a stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify a set <strong>of</strong> eleven markers that could be used as a predictor <strong>of</strong> genetics for Holstein cattle susceptibility to infection by MAP. 116
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Book of Abstracts
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Proceedings <stron
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Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
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Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
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Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
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Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
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1120-1140 #88: Influence of
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Concurrent Session B - Rm 175 Wille
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Thursday, August 13 Thursday, Augus
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
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#229 Detecting Johne’s Disease he
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Kalis CHJ, Hesselink JW, Barkema HW
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling For
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To better determine the</st
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#107 Multilocus Short Sequence Repe
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Fig. 1. Dendogram (showing genetic
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#105 MIRU-VNTR genotyping o
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Poster A
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Missouri). Serum from a cow with do
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#7 Significance of
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RESULTS Of the 327
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Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
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#16 Histopathological and immunohis
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#19 Development of
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#36 Genetic diversity of</s
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#60 Evaluation of
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#66 Comparison of
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(b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
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(d) f57 Real Time PCR. The figure o
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• MIRU (3 loci); • VNTR-MIRU (7
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indexes, compared to each single an
Page 66 and 67: #108 Evaluation of
Page 68 and 69: #110 Detection and molecular confir
Page 70 and 71: endoscopic criteria and histopathol
Page 72 and 73: Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine
Page 74 and 75: #131 Seroprevalence of</str
Page 76 and 77: could be partly attributed to a sma
Page 78 and 79: #146 Analysis of v
Page 80 and 81: #162 Comparison of
Page 82 and 83: #187 Comparison of
Page 84 and 85: #191 Potentiating day-old blood sam
Page 86 and 87: samples from the s
Page 88 and 89: (MAA) (MAP87 and MAP3776) and 1 fro
Page 90 and 91: #196 Inter- and intra-subtype genot
Page 92 and 93: RESULTS In 601 (29%) of</st
Page 94 and 95: #211 Culture of my
Page 96 and 97: #242 Application and field validati
Page 98 and 99: #251 Diagnosis of
Page 100 and 101: Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
Page 102 and 103: #254 Programmes on Paratuberculosis
Page 104 and 105: Fig. 1. European countries specifyi
Page 106 and 107: A bulk milk quality assurance progr
Page 108 and 109: Republic of Lithua
Page 110 and 111: #276 Elimination of</strong
Page 112 and 113: other projects and
Page 114 and 115: Woodbine KA, Schukken YH, Green LE,
Page 118 and 119: #33 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE No interfe
Page 120 and 121: #75 Interleukin 17 and interleukin
Page 122 and 123: #173 Local and systemic roles for b
Page 124 and 125: #23 Role of Mycoba
Page 126 and 127: Host Response and Immunology Poster
Page 128 and 129: #28 Intestinal MAP Infection via Pe
Page 130 and 131: #73 Age susceptibility of</
Page 132 and 133: #95 Role of nitric
Page 134 and 135: #134 Analysis of <
Page 136 and 137: #157 Study of <str
Page 138 and 139: #163 Immunohistochemical expression
Page 140 and 141: #193 Development of</strong
Page 142 and 143: #209 Murine macrophages carrying an
Page 144 and 145: #224 Application of</strong
Page 146 and 147: Table 1 UK and Cyprus MAP survey Re
Page 148 and 149: #228 Mycobacterium avium ssp. parat
Page 150 and 151: #145 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE Multinomi
Page 152 and 153: #50 Assessment of
Page 154 and 155: Table 1. Posterior median (CrIs) <s
Page 156 and 157: #55 Birth clusters of</stro
Page 158 and 159: from their dam, se
Page 160 and 161: #88 Influence of b
Page 162 and 163: #104 Relation between faecal shedde
Page 164 and 165: Epidemiology Poster Abstracts 109 1
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#22 The Prevalence of</stro
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CONCLUSION IS1311-based nested Ma/M
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#42 Seroprevalence survey o
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#77 Characterisation of</st
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Environmental samples were collecte
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REFERENCES 1) Chiodini RJ, Van Krui
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#113 Effect of soi
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#136 Error-adjusted, variance parti
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Latium Region Viterbo districts RES
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#144 The suitability of</st
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#178 Age structure of</stro
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A statistically significant lower f
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#183 Sero-prevalence of</st
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#218 Johne’s disease in t
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#244 A survey to estimate t
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Control Programs Keynote Lecture Re
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#202 Milk quality assurance for par
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#141 Control of pa
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#198 Use of small
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Control Programs Poster Abstracts 1
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RESULTS Loss of al
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#40 Managing Bovine Johnes Disease
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#74 Economic analysis of</s
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#87 Evaluation of
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separately for each existing herd <
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#98 An inter-laboratory ring-trial
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#120 Paratuberculosis vaccine inter
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The statement provides: • A stand
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COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disea
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#168 Paratuberculosis in Iran: past
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#180 Behavioural change in owners <
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the fact that <str
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#182 An integrated risk based appro
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etween 0 to 10, depending on <stron
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#203 Milk quality assurance for par
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#234 Johne’s disease vaccine: a c
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Conve
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#45 Identification of</stro
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#117 Adsorption of
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#222 Atypical structural features <
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Persp
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#52 Is ‘Indian Bison Type’ Myco
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#69 In vitro susceptibility <strong
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#118 Cloning, expression and purifi
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#176 A reference proteomic pr<stron
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#213 Construction the</stro
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#230 Iron concentration dependent s
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Abstract not available at press tim
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#174 Sharing of
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#177 Associations between CARD15 po
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Perspectives Talk: Public Health My
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A total of 206 qua
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Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
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In 2008, the Ameri
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#115 Crohn’s disease and ruminant
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International John
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#76 Towards improved reporting stan
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#97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
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#241 US Vaccine Initiative through
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Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
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PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
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