Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

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In 2008, <strong>the</strong> American Academy <strong>of</strong> Microbiologists published its report on Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: Infrequent human pathogen or public health threat (2). The executive summary states, “<strong>the</strong> association <strong>of</strong> MAP and CD is no longer in question. The critical issue today is not whe<strong>the</strong>r MAP is associated with CD, but whe<strong>the</strong>r MAP causes CD or is only incidentally present.” By 2008, <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> Koch’s postulates for causation had been effectively met from data engendered by <strong>the</strong> medical side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> controversy (3-9). In 2009, three independent diagnostic laboratories (Michael T. Collins, Saleh A. Naser, and that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) recovered Map from <strong>the</strong> blood <strong>of</strong> individuals with Crohn’s disease (10). Naser’s previous recovery <strong>of</strong> Map from <strong>the</strong> blood <strong>of</strong> Crohn’s patients and <strong>the</strong> breast milk <strong>of</strong> two postpartum CD females without corresponding recovery from non-Crohn’s diseased individuals had been largely under appreciated. CONCLUSION From a medical infectious disease point <strong>of</strong> view, <strong>the</strong> validation <strong>of</strong> Naser’s original findings cuts short <strong>the</strong> argument as to causality. If an individual has certain retroviruses in his or her white blood cells, he or she has HIV infection. If <strong>the</strong> individual has hepatitis B or C virus in his or her white blood cells, he or she has hepatitis infection. If an individual has Map in his or her white blood cells, he or she has infection with map. If <strong>the</strong> vast preponderance <strong>of</strong> individuals with map in <strong>the</strong>ir white blood cells has Crohn’s disease or irritable bowel syndrome, <strong>the</strong> critical element <strong>of</strong> Koch’s postulates for causation has been met. The Rio Declaration Relative to Food Safety states, “Where <strong>the</strong>re are threats <strong>of</strong> irreversible damage, lack <strong>of</strong> full scientific certainty shall not be used as reason to postpone cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.” REFERENCES 1. Rubery E.: A review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> evidence for a link between Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans: A report for <strong>the</strong> Food Standard Agency, June 1 2001. 2. Nacy C. Buckley M.: Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: Infrequent human pathogen or public health threat? Report from <strong>the</strong> American Academy <strong>of</strong> Microbiology 2008. p. 1-37. 3. Bull T.L., McMinn E.J., Sidi-Boumedine K. et al.; Detection and verification <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fresh ileocolonic mucosal biopsies from individuals with and without Crohn’s disease. J. Clin. Micro. 2003; 41:2915-2923. 4. Scanu A. M., Bull T. J., Cannas C. et al.: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection <strong>of</strong> irritable bowel syndrome and comparison with Crohn’s disease and Johne’s disease: common neural and immune pathogenicities. J. Clin. Microbiol. 5. Naser S.A., Schwartz D., Shafran I.: Isolation <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from breast milk <strong>of</strong> patients with Crohn’s disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1094-1095. 6. Naser S.A., Ghobrial G., Romero C., Valentine J. F.: Culture <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from <strong>the</strong> blood <strong>of</strong> Crohn’s disease patients. Lancet 2004; 364:1039-1044. 7. Sechi L. A., Scanu A. M., Molicotti P., Molicotti P., Cannes S., Mura M., Dettori G., Fadda G., Zanetti S.: Detection and isolation <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from intestinal biopsies <strong>of</strong> patients with and without Crohn’s disease in Sardinia. Am. J. Gastroenteriol. 2005; 100:1529-1534. 8. Autschback F., Eisold S., Hinz U.: High prevalence <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis IS900 DNA in gut tissue from individuals with Crohn’s disease. Gut 2005; 54:944-949. 279
9. Ghadiali A. H., Stro<strong>the</strong>r M., Naser S. A. et al.: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and animal species exhibit similar polymorphic locus patterns. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004; 42:5345-5348 10. Naser S. A., Collins M.T., Crawford J. T., Valentine J. F.: Culture <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from <strong>the</strong> blood <strong>of</strong> patients with Crohn’s disease: A follow-up blind multi-center investigation. The Open Inflam. J. 2009; 2:22-23. #56 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis – The trigger for Type 1 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease? C. Thomas Dow University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, USA Unfolding appreciation <strong>of</strong> shared genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and autoimmune disease has created a link between Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Animal and clinical studies implicate mycobacteria in <strong>the</strong> immune genesis <strong>of</strong> a<strong>the</strong>romatous lesions. Beyond classic risk factors for a<strong>the</strong>romatous cardiovascular disease, cellular and humoral immunity against heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is increasingly identified in <strong>the</strong> genesis <strong>of</strong> a<strong>the</strong>romatous disease. HSP60 is an immunodominant antigen and <strong>the</strong>re is marked homology between human and mycobacterial HSP60. MAP is pervasive in <strong>the</strong> food chain, causes Johne’s disease <strong>of</strong> ruminant animals and is <strong>the</strong> putative cause <strong>of</strong> Crohn’s disease in humans. This article describes <strong>the</strong> link between MAP and T1DM and postulates that MAP is <strong>the</strong> mycobacterium responsible for HSP60: <strong>the</strong> immune trigger for a<strong>the</strong>romatous disease. 280
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Book of Abstracts
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Proceedings <stron
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Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
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Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
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Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
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Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
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1120-1140 #88: Influence of
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Concurrent Session B - Rm 175 Wille
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Thursday, August 13 Thursday, Augus
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
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#229 Detecting Johne’s Disease he
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Kalis CHJ, Hesselink JW, Barkema HW
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling For
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To better determine the</st
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#107 Multilocus Short Sequence Repe
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Fig. 1. Dendogram (showing genetic
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#105 MIRU-VNTR genotyping o
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Poster A
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Missouri). Serum from a cow with do
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#7 Significance of
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RESULTS Of the 327
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Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
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#16 Histopathological and immunohis
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#19 Development of
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#36 Genetic diversity of</s
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#60 Evaluation of
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#66 Comparison of
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(b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
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(d) f57 Real Time PCR. The figure o
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• MIRU (3 loci); • VNTR-MIRU (7
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indexes, compared to each single an
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#108 Evaluation of
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#110 Detection and molecular confir
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endoscopic criteria and histopathol
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Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine
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#131 Seroprevalence of</str
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could be partly attributed to a sma
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#146 Analysis of v
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#162 Comparison of
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#187 Comparison of
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#191 Potentiating day-old blood sam
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samples from the s
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(MAA) (MAP87 and MAP3776) and 1 fro
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#196 Inter- and intra-subtype genot
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RESULTS In 601 (29%) of</st
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#211 Culture of my
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#242 Application and field validati
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#251 Diagnosis of
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Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
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#254 Programmes on Paratuberculosis
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Fig. 1. European countries specifyi
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A bulk milk quality assurance progr
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Republic of Lithua
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#276 Elimination of</strong
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other projects and
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Woodbine KA, Schukken YH, Green LE,
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Host Response and Immunology Keynot
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#33 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE No interfe
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#75 Interleukin 17 and interleukin
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#173 Local and systemic roles for b
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#23 Role of Mycoba
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Host Response and Immunology Poster
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#28 Intestinal MAP Infection via Pe
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#73 Age susceptibility of</
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#95 Role of nitric
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#134 Analysis of <
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#157 Study of <str
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#163 Immunohistochemical expression
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#193 Development of</strong
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#209 Murine macrophages carrying an
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#224 Application of</strong
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Table 1 UK and Cyprus MAP survey Re
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#228 Mycobacterium avium ssp. parat
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#145 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE Multinomi
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#50 Assessment of
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Table 1. Posterior median (CrIs) <s
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#55 Birth clusters of</stro
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from their dam, se
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#88 Influence of b
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#104 Relation between faecal shedde
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Epidemiology Poster Abstracts 109 1
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#22 The Prevalence of</stro
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CONCLUSION IS1311-based nested Ma/M
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#42 Seroprevalence survey o
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#77 Characterisation of</st
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Environmental samples were collecte
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REFERENCES 1) Chiodini RJ, Van Krui
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#113 Effect of soi
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#136 Error-adjusted, variance parti
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Latium Region Viterbo districts RES
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#144 The suitability of</st
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#178 Age structure of</stro
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A statistically significant lower f
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#183 Sero-prevalence of</st
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#218 Johne’s disease in t
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#244 A survey to estimate t
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Control Programs Keynote Lecture Re
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#202 Milk quality assurance for par
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#141 Control of pa
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#198 Use of small
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Control Programs Poster Abstracts 1
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RESULTS Loss of al
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#40 Managing Bovine Johnes Disease
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#74 Economic analysis of</s
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#87 Evaluation of
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separately for each existing herd <
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#98 An inter-laboratory ring-trial
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#120 Paratuberculosis vaccine inter
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The statement provides: • A stand
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COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disea
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#168 Paratuberculosis in Iran: past
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#180 Behavioural change in owners <
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the fact that <str
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Page 238 and 239: Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Conve
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Page 266 and 267: Abstract not available at press tim
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Page 276 and 277: A total of 206 qua
Page 278 and 279: Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
Page 282 and 283: #115 Crohn’s disease and ruminant
Page 284 and 285: International John
Page 286 and 287: #76 Towards improved reporting stan
Page 288 and 289: #97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
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Page 292 and 293: Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
Page 294 and 295: PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
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