Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

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#104 Relation between faecal shedders and environmental contamination with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on an experimental farm Susanne Eisenberg, Mirjam Nielen, Jeroen Hoeboer, Dick Heederik, Ad Koets Faculty <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands Cows and <strong>the</strong> environment <strong>of</strong> an experimental cattle farm were sampled 19 times over a period <strong>of</strong> 16 months to investigate <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> management measures on <strong>the</strong> temporal and spatial spread <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP). Over a 16 month period a destocked farm was cleaned, was restocked with high and medium MAP shedders and was destocked, cleaned again and disinfected. Samples were collected inside and outside <strong>the</strong> barn every 3 weeks and analysed by IS900 real-time PCR for <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). At <strong>the</strong> same moments faecal samples <strong>of</strong> all animals were collected and cultured by TREK culture system to investigate <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> bacteria shed in <strong>the</strong> environment. Total MAP excretion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animals did vary significantly over <strong>the</strong> 19 sampling times. The organism could be detected inside as well as outside <strong>the</strong> barn in environmental samples. Settled dust samples (reflecting a 3 week period) were more <strong>of</strong>ten MAP contaminated compared to floor samples. Data show that floor samples are less consistently MAP positive than samples <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cubicles and <strong>the</strong> slatted floors. Destocking and cleaning with a high pressure cleaner did not reduce MAP in settled dust and floor samples. After disinfection no MAP could be detected in settled dust samples anymore but MAP DNA was still present in some floor samples. Whe<strong>the</strong>r this was viable MAP will be tested in <strong>the</strong> near future. MAP contaminated dust seems to spread undisturbed by management actions. Regular cleaning seems not to influence <strong>the</strong> contamination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> environment with MAP from settled dust. Fur<strong>the</strong>r research on <strong>the</strong> concentration and accumulation <strong>of</strong> MAP in settled dust is needed to asses <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> MAP infection in young animals by (long-term) accumulated dust ingestion. 161
Epidemiology Perspectives Lecture Epidemiology, transmission and economics <strong>of</strong> Johne’s disease: state <strong>of</strong> knowledge, knowledge gaps, and possible future directions Ian Gardner University <strong>of</strong> California-Davis, USA Evidence-based medicine is predicated on <strong>the</strong> principle that risks and benefits <strong>of</strong> interventions can be explicitly quantified through scientifically-valid studies. These studies can <strong>the</strong>n inform decisions about <strong>the</strong> economic value <strong>of</strong> interventions whe<strong>the</strong>r for a single herd or flock, or for national and regional programs. Current knowledge indicates that <strong>the</strong>re are multiple sources <strong>of</strong> MAP infection and consequently, <strong>the</strong> recommendation lists for producers to control Johne’s disease are long and <strong>of</strong>ten unprioritized. There are few published randomized controlled trials (RCT) or cohort studies assessing <strong>the</strong> effects, let alone <strong>the</strong> cost-benefits, <strong>of</strong> interventions. Evidence from <strong>the</strong> U.S. Johne’s Disease Demonstration Herd Project and experiences elsewhere indicate that effective control is possible, but eradication is unlikely in intensive production systems such as large dairy herds. Data on <strong>the</strong> benefit-cost ratio for individual or multiple interventions or entire control program are sparse. This is a critical need for this information for dairy herds because Johne’s disease is typically not a high priority disease from a financial perspective. This may change with increasing pressure from public health authorities to mitigate risks from dairy and meat products. Any expectation that interventions that are applied on farm or along <strong>the</strong> production chain can ever be linked to a reduction in Crohn’s disease incidence is very unrealistic. Investigation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> epidemiology, transmission and economics <strong>of</strong> Johne’s disease <strong>of</strong>fers numerous challenges, which can be broadly categorized as biological, financial and methodological. I would like to focus on <strong>the</strong> latter and <strong>of</strong>fer some perspectives on <strong>the</strong> future. First, <strong>the</strong>re has been inadequate use <strong>of</strong> longitudinal designs, especially RCT, to evaluate interventions and as a consequence, <strong>the</strong>re are no systematic reviews <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> effects and economics <strong>of</strong> interventions. Cost and feasibility are <strong>the</strong> key limitations. Second, <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> uniformly-applied quality standards for publication <strong>of</strong> risk factor studies is symptomatic <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reality that we lag behind our human health colleagues (e.g. CONSORT and STROBE in human health). Casecontrol and cross-sectional studies have outlived <strong>the</strong>ir usefulness for bovine and ovine paratuberculosis. Third, statistical methods exist to incorporate prior knowledge into risk factor analyses and adjust for nondifferential misclassification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> outcome (e.g. ELISA, culture or PCR-based test results) but <strong>the</strong>se methods are infrequently used. The challenge in <strong>the</strong> next 5 years is to design, finance and implement well-planned longitudinal studies to answer critical research questions through networks and programs such as JDIP, JDRC and ParaTBTools. 162
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Book of Abstracts
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Proceedings <stron
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Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
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Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
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Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
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Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
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1120-1140 #88: Influence of
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Concurrent Session B - Rm 175 Wille
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Thursday, August 13 Thursday, Augus
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
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#229 Detecting Johne’s Disease he
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Kalis CHJ, Hesselink JW, Barkema HW
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling For
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To better determine the</st
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#107 Multilocus Short Sequence Repe
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Fig. 1. Dendogram (showing genetic
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#105 MIRU-VNTR genotyping o
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Poster A
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Missouri). Serum from a cow with do
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#7 Significance of
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RESULTS Of the 327
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Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
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#16 Histopathological and immunohis
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#19 Development of
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#36 Genetic diversity of</s
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#60 Evaluation of
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#66 Comparison of
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(b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
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(d) f57 Real Time PCR. The figure o
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• MIRU (3 loci); • VNTR-MIRU (7
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indexes, compared to each single an
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#108 Evaluation of
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#110 Detection and molecular confir
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endoscopic criteria and histopathol
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Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine
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#131 Seroprevalence of</str
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could be partly attributed to a sma
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#146 Analysis of v
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#162 Comparison of
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#187 Comparison of
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#191 Potentiating day-old blood sam
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samples from the s
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(MAA) (MAP87 and MAP3776) and 1 fro
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#196 Inter- and intra-subtype genot
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RESULTS In 601 (29%) of</st
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#211 Culture of my
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#242 Application and field validati
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#251 Diagnosis of
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Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
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#254 Programmes on Paratuberculosis
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Fig. 1. European countries specifyi
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A bulk milk quality assurance progr
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Republic of Lithua
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#276 Elimination of</strong
Page 112 and 113: other projects and
Page 114 and 115: Woodbine KA, Schukken YH, Green LE,
Page 116 and 117: Host Response and Immunology Keynot
Page 118 and 119: #33 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE No interfe
Page 120 and 121: #75 Interleukin 17 and interleukin
Page 122 and 123: #173 Local and systemic roles for b
Page 124 and 125: #23 Role of Mycoba
Page 126 and 127: Host Response and Immunology Poster
Page 128 and 129: #28 Intestinal MAP Infection via Pe
Page 130 and 131: #73 Age susceptibility of</
Page 132 and 133: #95 Role of nitric
Page 134 and 135: #134 Analysis of <
Page 136 and 137: #157 Study of <str
Page 138 and 139: #163 Immunohistochemical expression
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Page 142 and 143: #209 Murine macrophages carrying an
Page 144 and 145: #224 Application of</strong
Page 146 and 147: Table 1 UK and Cyprus MAP survey Re
Page 148 and 149: #228 Mycobacterium avium ssp. parat
Page 150 and 151: #145 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE Multinomi
Page 152 and 153: #50 Assessment of
Page 154 and 155: Table 1. Posterior median (CrIs) <s
Page 156 and 157: #55 Birth clusters of</stro
Page 158 and 159: from their dam, se
Page 160 and 161: #88 Influence of b
Page 164 and 165: Epidemiology Poster Abstracts 109 1
Page 166 and 167: #22 The Prevalence of</stro
Page 168 and 169: CONCLUSION IS1311-based nested Ma/M
Page 170 and 171: #42 Seroprevalence survey o
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Page 174 and 175: Environmental samples were collecte
Page 176 and 177: REFERENCES 1) Chiodini RJ, Van Krui
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Page 182 and 183: Latium Region Viterbo districts RES
Page 184 and 185: #144 The suitability of</st
Page 186 and 187: #178 Age structure of</stro
Page 188 and 189: A statistically significant lower f
Page 190 and 191: #183 Sero-prevalence of</st
Page 192 and 193: #218 Johne’s disease in t
Page 194 and 195: #244 A survey to estimate t
Page 196 and 197: Control Programs Keynote Lecture Re
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Page 200 and 201: #141 Control of pa
Page 202 and 203: #198 Use of small
Page 204 and 205: Control Programs Poster Abstracts 1
Page 206 and 207: RESULTS Loss of al
Page 208 and 209: #40 Managing Bovine Johnes Disease
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#87 Evaluation of
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separately for each existing herd <
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#98 An inter-laboratory ring-trial
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#120 Paratuberculosis vaccine inter
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The statement provides: • A stand
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COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disea
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#168 Paratuberculosis in Iran: past
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#180 Behavioural change in owners <
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the fact that <str
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#182 An integrated risk based appro
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etween 0 to 10, depending on <stron
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#203 Milk quality assurance for par
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#234 Johne’s disease vaccine: a c
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Conve
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#45 Identification of</stro
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#117 Adsorption of
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#222 Atypical structural features <
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Persp
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#52 Is ‘Indian Bison Type’ Myco
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#69 In vitro susceptibility <strong
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#118 Cloning, expression and purifi
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#176 A reference proteomic pr<stron
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#213 Construction the</stro
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#230 Iron concentration dependent s
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Abstract not available at press tim
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#174 Sharing of
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#177 Associations between CARD15 po
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Perspectives Talk: Public Health My
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A total of 206 qua
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Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
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In 2008, the Ameri
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#115 Crohn’s disease and ruminant
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International John
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#76 Towards improved reporting stan
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#97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
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#241 US Vaccine Initiative through
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Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
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PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
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