Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

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#131 Seroprevalence <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in cattle in Slovenia Matjaž Ocepek 1 , Milan Pogačnik 2 , Katarina Logar 1 , Darja Ferme 1 , Mateja Pate 1 , Brane Krt 1 1 Veterinary Faculty, Institute <strong>of</strong> Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, 2 Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Forestry and Food, Dunajska 58, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia ABSTRACT Paratuberculosis is a common disease <strong>of</strong> ruminants in Slovenia. Because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> data about <strong>the</strong> prevalence since 2001, <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> this work was to estimate <strong>the</strong> seroprevalence <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in cattle herds in Slovenia. Animals older than two years in 20% <strong>of</strong> herds originating from different regions <strong>of</strong> Slovenia were tested for <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> antibodies to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in 2008. A total <strong>of</strong> 38,374 sera from 6,780 cattle herds were examined in ELISA test. A total <strong>of</strong> 228 (0.59%) animals from 188 (2.77%) herds were positive. Currently, <strong>the</strong> seroprevalence <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in cattle herds in Slovenia is almost <strong>the</strong> same as it was in 1997 (2.77% vs. 2.84%). Compared to <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> European countries, <strong>the</strong> herd prevalence is ra<strong>the</strong>r low. This could be partly attributed to a small number <strong>of</strong> animals per herd. INTRODUCTION Paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease <strong>of</strong> ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). The significance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease in cattle breeding lies in great economic losses caused by <strong>the</strong> infected herds. In <strong>the</strong> USA, losses due to paratuberculosis are estimated at over 1.5 billion dollars per year (Cocito et al., 1994). The first case <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in Slovenia was detected in 1961 in imported Jersey cows. No o<strong>the</strong>r cases were reported until 1993, when paratuberculosis was found in a sheep flock. Since <strong>the</strong>n, several outbreaks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease in cattle, goats and sheep have been documented. The estimation <strong>of</strong> prevalence is necessary for taking <strong>the</strong> appropriate measures to control <strong>the</strong> disease. Therefore, a systematic screening <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in Slovenia began in 1995. In order to estimate <strong>the</strong> prevalence and geographic distribution <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in Slovenia, 5-20% <strong>of</strong> cattle in all herds were tested in 1996 and 1995, respectively. In <strong>the</strong> following two years, 3% and 5% <strong>of</strong> cattle in all herds were tested by ELISA (Ocepek et al., 1999). In 1999, 10-15% <strong>of</strong> cows and pregnant heifers were tested, while in 2000 and 2001, <strong>the</strong> monitoring was limited only to breeding cattle herds because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir significant involvement in <strong>the</strong> selection for reproduction and animal trade (Ocepek et al., 2002). Since 2001, no data on paratuberculosis prevalence in Slovenia were available. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to estimate <strong>the</strong> current seroprevalence <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis in cattle herds in Slovenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals older than two years were tested in 2008 for <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> antibodies against Map in 20% <strong>of</strong> cattle herds originating from all regions <strong>of</strong> Slovenia. A total <strong>of</strong> 38,374 sera from 6,780 herds were examined with an in-house ELISA test using a protoplasmic antigen (Allied Monitor). All positive samples were retested and confirmed by a commercial screening and confirmation ELISA kit (ID.VET). Along with <strong>the</strong> estimation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current seroprevalence, <strong>the</strong> comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current and past prevalence data on paratuberculosis in Slovenian cattle was made. RESULTS A total <strong>of</strong> 228 (0.59%) animals from 188 (2.77%) herds tested positive for paratuberculosis. The majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> positive herds originated from <strong>the</strong> central and <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> Slovenia as shown on Figure 1. In <strong>the</strong> herds with more than one seropositive animal, almost a half 73
(47%) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> positive animals were <strong>of</strong> Black and white (Holstein-Friesian) breed which represents 19% <strong>of</strong> cattle in Slovenia. Fig. 1: Geographic distribution <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis-positive herds in Slovenia. Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data obtained on Map-positive sera from <strong>the</strong> current and previous studies on paratuberculosis prevalence in cattle in Slovenia is shown on Figure 2. In <strong>the</strong> last decade, <strong>the</strong> prevalence remained approximately at <strong>the</strong> same level. % <strong>of</strong> positive sera 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Map-positive sera per animals or herds 1997 1998 1999 2000-2001 2008 years Animals Herds Fig. 2: Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prevalence data from <strong>the</strong> current study with <strong>the</strong> data collected in <strong>the</strong> previous studies. DISCUSSION The herd prevalence in Slovenia is similar to <strong>the</strong> prevalence estimated ten years ago and is ra<strong>the</strong>r low compared to <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> European countries (Nielsen and T<strong>of</strong>t, 2009). This 74
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Book of Abstracts
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Proceedings <stron
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Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
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Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
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Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
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Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
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1120-1140 #88: Influence of
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Concurrent Session B - Rm 175 Wille
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Thursday, August 13 Thursday, Augus
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
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Page 29 and 30: To better determine the</st
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Page 46 and 47: Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
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Page 58 and 59: (b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
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Page 100 and 101: Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
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#23 Role of Mycoba
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Host Response and Immunology Poster
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#28 Intestinal MAP Infection via Pe
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#73 Age susceptibility of</
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#95 Role of nitric
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#134 Analysis of <
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#157 Study of <str
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#163 Immunohistochemical expression
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#193 Development of</strong
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#209 Murine macrophages carrying an
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#224 Application of</strong
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Table 1 UK and Cyprus MAP survey Re
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#228 Mycobacterium avium ssp. parat
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#145 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE Multinomi
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#50 Assessment of
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Table 1. Posterior median (CrIs) <s
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from their dam, se
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#88 Influence of b
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#104 Relation between faecal shedde
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Epidemiology Poster Abstracts 109 1
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#22 The Prevalence of</stro
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CONCLUSION IS1311-based nested Ma/M
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#42 Seroprevalence survey o
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#77 Characterisation of</st
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Environmental samples were collecte
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REFERENCES 1) Chiodini RJ, Van Krui
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#113 Effect of soi
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#136 Error-adjusted, variance parti
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Latium Region Viterbo districts RES
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#144 The suitability of</st
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#178 Age structure of</stro
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A statistically significant lower f
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#183 Sero-prevalence of</st
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#218 Johne’s disease in t
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#244 A survey to estimate t
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Control Programs Keynote Lecture Re
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#202 Milk quality assurance for par
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#141 Control of pa
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#198 Use of small
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Control Programs Poster Abstracts 1
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RESULTS Loss of al
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#40 Managing Bovine Johnes Disease
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#74 Economic analysis of</s
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#87 Evaluation of
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separately for each existing herd <
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#98 An inter-laboratory ring-trial
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#120 Paratuberculosis vaccine inter
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The statement provides: • A stand
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COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disea
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#168 Paratuberculosis in Iran: past
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#180 Behavioural change in owners <
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the fact that <str
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#182 An integrated risk based appro
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etween 0 to 10, depending on <stron
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#203 Milk quality assurance for par
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#234 Johne’s disease vaccine: a c
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Conve
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#45 Identification of</stro
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#117 Adsorption of
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#222 Atypical structural features <
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Persp
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Abstract not available at press tim
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#174 Sharing of
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#177 Associations between CARD15 po
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Perspectives Talk: Public Health My
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A total of 206 qua
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Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
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In 2008, the Ameri
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#115 Crohn’s disease and ruminant
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International John
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#76 Towards improved reporting stan
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#97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
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#241 US Vaccine Initiative through
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Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
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PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
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