Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

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#202 Milk quality assurance for paratuberculosis: effects <strong>of</strong> infectious young stock. Maarten F Weber 1 , Huybert Groenendaal 2 1 GD Animal Health Service, Deventer, The Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands 2 Vose Consulting US LLC, Boulder, CO, USA INTRODUCTION A bulk milk quality assurance program (BMQAP) for paratuberculosis in Dutch dairy herds was initiated in 2006, aiming at a reduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> concentration <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in milk delivered to <strong>the</strong> milk factories (Weber and van Schaik, 2007). The development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> program was supported by various modeling studies (van Roermund et al., 2005; Weber et al., 2005; Franken, 2005; Velthuis et al., 2006), in which it was assumed that cattle do not become infectious before adulthood. However, shedding <strong>of</strong> Map in young stock has been described in several studies (Rankin, 1959; Rankin, 1961; McDonald et al., 1999; Waters et al., 2003; Weber et al., 2005; van Roermund et al., 2007), and transmission <strong>of</strong> Map amongst young stock was found in an experimental study (van Roermund et al., 2007). Therefore, we evaluated <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> transmission amongst young stock on key output parameters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> BMQAP in simulated dairy herds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Closed dairy herds participating in a BMQAP were simulated with a stochastic simulation model, JohneSSim. Transmission <strong>of</strong> Map amongst young stock was simulated, assuming various probability distributions for <strong>the</strong> age at onset <strong>of</strong> infectiousness and various contact rates between individuals. RESULTS Transmission amongst young stock resulted in an increased average within-herd prevalence, and a decrease <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beneficial effect <strong>of</strong> preventive management measures directed at a separation <strong>of</strong> adults and young stock on herd-level and within-herd prevalence’s. When including transmission amongst young stock, infected herds were detected earlier within <strong>the</strong> simulated BMQAP. Consequently, <strong>the</strong> proportion <strong>of</strong> certified herds (‘green’ herds, i.e. status A in <strong>the</strong> Dutch BMQAP) decreased. Moreover, <strong>the</strong> beneficial effect <strong>of</strong> preventive measures on <strong>the</strong> proportion <strong>of</strong> certified herds was reduced. However, <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> Map amongst young stock on <strong>the</strong> concentration <strong>of</strong> Map in milk from certified herds was small and became negligible beyond year 10 after <strong>the</strong> start <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> program. CONCLUSION It is concluded that transmission <strong>of</strong> Map amongst young stock does not affect <strong>the</strong> quality assurance <strong>of</strong> milk from certified herds. However, <strong>the</strong> proportion <strong>of</strong> herds that are certified in a BMQAP is decreased by transmission <strong>of</strong> Map amongst young stock. REFERENCES Franken P, 2005. Paratuberculosis control in <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands: <strong>the</strong> target and overview <strong>of</strong> activities. In: Manning EJ, Nielsen SS (Eds.), <strong>Proceedings</strong> 8th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Colloquium</strong> on Paratuberculosis, Copenhagen, Denmark, 14 - 18 August 2005, pp. 15-19. McDonald WL, Ridge SE, Hope AF, Condron RJ, 1999. Evaluation <strong>of</strong> diagnostic tests for Johne's disease in young cattle. Aust. Vet. J. 77, 113-119. Rankin JD, 1959. The estimation <strong>of</strong> doses <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium johnei suitable for <strong>the</strong> production <strong>of</strong> Johne's disease in cattle. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 77, 638-642. Rankin JD, 1961. The experimental infection <strong>of</strong> cattle with Mycobacterium johnei. III. Calves maintained in an infectious environment. J. Comp Pathol. 71, 10-15. van Roermund HJW, Bakker D, Willemsen PT, de Jong MC, 2007. Horizontal transmission <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle in an experimental setting: calves can transmit <strong>the</strong> infection to o<strong>the</strong>r calves. Vet. Microbiol. 122, 270-279. 197
van Roermund HJW, Weber MF, de Koeijer AA, Velthuis AGJ, de Jong MCM, 2005. Development <strong>of</strong> a milk quality assurance program for paratuberculosis: from within- and between herd dynamics to economic decision analysis. In: Manning EJB, Nielsen SS (Eds.), <strong>Proceedings</strong> 8th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Colloquium</strong> on Paratuberculosis, Copenhagen, Denmark, 14 - 18 August, pp. 51-59. Velthuis AGJ, Weber MF, de Koeijer AA, van Roermund HJW, 2006. Milk-quality-assurance program for Johne's disease: decision analysis from a farmers' perspective. <strong>Proceedings</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 11th <strong>International</strong> Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Cairns, Australia, 6-11 August, p. 313. Waters WR, Miller JM, Palmer MV, Stabel JR, Jones DE, Koistinen KA, Steadham EM, Hamilton MJ, Davis WC, Bannantine JP, 2003. Early induction <strong>of</strong> humoral and cellular immune responses during experimental Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection <strong>of</strong> calves. Infect. Immun. 71, 5130-5138. Weber MF, Kogut J, de Bree J, van Schaik G, 2005. Evidence for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis shedding in young cattle. In: Manning EJB, Nielsen SS (Eds.), <strong>Proceedings</strong> 8th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Colloquium</strong> on Paratuberculosis, Copenhagen, Denmark, 14 - 18 August, pp. 679- 689. Weber MF, van Schaik G, 2007. Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dutch bulk milk quality assurance programme for paratuberculosis. In: Nielsen SS (Ed.), <strong>Proceedings</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 9th <strong>International</strong> <strong>Colloquium</strong> on Paratuberculosis, Tsukuba, Japan, October 28 - November 2, pp. 324-327. 198
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Book of Abstracts
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Proceedings <stron
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Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
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Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
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Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
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Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
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#229 Detecting Johne’s Disease he
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Kalis CHJ, Hesselink JW, Barkema HW
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling For
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To better determine the</st
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#107 Multilocus Short Sequence Repe
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Fig. 1. Dendogram (showing genetic
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#105 MIRU-VNTR genotyping o
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Poster A
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Missouri). Serum from a cow with do
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#7 Significance of
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RESULTS Of the 327
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Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
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#16 Histopathological and immunohis
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#19 Development of
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#60 Evaluation of
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#66 Comparison of
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(b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
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(d) f57 Real Time PCR. The figure o
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• MIRU (3 loci); • VNTR-MIRU (7
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indexes, compared to each single an
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#108 Evaluation of
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#110 Detection and molecular confir
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endoscopic criteria and histopathol
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Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine
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#131 Seroprevalence of</str
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could be partly attributed to a sma
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#146 Analysis of v
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#162 Comparison of
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#187 Comparison of
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#191 Potentiating day-old blood sam
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samples from the s
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(MAA) (MAP87 and MAP3776) and 1 fro
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#196 Inter- and intra-subtype genot
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RESULTS In 601 (29%) of</st
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#211 Culture of my
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#242 Application and field validati
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#251 Diagnosis of
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Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
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#254 Programmes on Paratuberculosis
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Fig. 1. European countries specifyi
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A bulk milk quality assurance progr
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Republic of Lithua
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#276 Elimination of</strong
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other projects and
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Woodbine KA, Schukken YH, Green LE,
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Host Response and Immunology Keynot
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#33 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE No interfe
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#75 Interleukin 17 and interleukin
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#173 Local and systemic roles for b
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#23 Role of Mycoba
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Host Response and Immunology Poster
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#28 Intestinal MAP Infection via Pe
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Table 1 UK and Cyprus MAP survey Re
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Perspectives Talk: Public Health My
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A total of 206 qua
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Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
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In 2008, the Ameri
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International John
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#97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
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#241 US Vaccine Initiative through
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Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
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PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
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