Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Environmental samples were collected from manure, slurry, and manure scrapers when present.. All samples collected (n=32) were submitted for culture (6) and PCR. PCR was performed by bead grinding extraction (5) followed by testing using a commercial kit (Paratuberculosis Adiavet, Adiagene). The fields fertilized with <strong>the</strong> contaminated manure/slurry in autumn/winter period were repeatedly sampled, keeping fixed <strong>the</strong> sampling area, by <strong>the</strong> collection <strong>of</strong>: • 10 grass samples, in <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> April; • 9 field-dried hay samples, before baling, in <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> May; • 9 field-dried hay samples, at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> use for animal feeding, in July-August. From <strong>the</strong> herd no.. 4, hay samples were not collected, because <strong>the</strong> grass was not used for animal feeding. The forage (nearly 800 g <strong>of</strong> fresh grass per sample, or 400 g <strong>of</strong> dried hay per sample) was submitted to an extraction procedure, by leaving it overnight, after agitation, in sterile distilled water, enough to wash it completely (nearly 500-1000 ml). From 100 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extract liquid we performed culture and from 10 ml we performed bead grinding extraction followed by PCR as done for <strong>the</strong> environmental samples. RESULTS The prevalence <strong>of</strong> ELISA positive and clinical cases in <strong>the</strong> 10 herds are shown in Table 1.. The withinherd sero-prevalence ranged from 4% to 38%. In herd 7, were <strong>the</strong> maximum sero-prevalence value was recorded (38%), <strong>the</strong> clinical case prevalence was higher than 5%. Table 1.. Herd dimension and Paratuberculosis diffusion in <strong>the</strong> selected herds Herd Code Lactating cows ELISA positive cows Sero-prevalence Clinical case incidence 1 24 1 4 % 0 % 2 122 11 9 % 2-5 % 3 88 13 15 % 0-2 % 4 100 14 14 % 0-2 % 5 48 8 17 % 0-2 % 6 75 13 17 % 0-2 % 7 29 11 38 % >5 % 8 48 5 10 % 0 % 9 69 4 6 % 2-5 % 10 53 7 13 % 0-2 % The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> culture and PCR tests performed on manure and slurry are shown in Table 2. Table 2.. Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tests (PCR and culture) performed on environmental samples Slurry Manure Scraper Herd No. PCR Culture No. PCR Culture No. PCR Culture Code Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 0 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 0 8 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 10 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 Total 14 12 (86%) 10 (71%) 9 6 (67%) 4 (44%) 9 8 (89%) 7 (78%) The environmental samples had high contamination levels, particularly in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> liquid slurry and scrapers. 173 2
The proportions <strong>of</strong> PCR positive were for all <strong>the</strong> processed materials always higher than proportions <strong>of</strong> culture positive. This could be due to a vitality loss <strong>of</strong> Map, which would still be detectable by PCR. The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forage sample are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tests (PCR and culture) performed on forage Fresh grass Dried hay Dried hay Herd (at harvesting) (at use) Code No. PCR Culture No. PCR Culture No. PCR Culture Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4 1 0 0 n.e. n.e. 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 7 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 9 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Total 10 1 (10%) 0 (0%) 9 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 9 0 (0%) 0 (0%) n.e.= not examined The only positive result recorded was from fresh grass, and it was only positive by PCR, while culture on <strong>the</strong> same sample was negative. The positive sample originated from Herd 7, where <strong>the</strong> highest sero-prevalence (38 %) was recorded. The dry hay samples, both <strong>the</strong> first and <strong>the</strong> second sample, were always negative to <strong>the</strong> PCR and culture. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Forages contaminated by Map represent a potential vehicle <strong>of</strong> Map transmission; in fact <strong>the</strong> correct management <strong>of</strong> faeces originating from infected herds represents a critical point in Paratuberculosis control plan application. If <strong>the</strong> optimal management method <strong>of</strong> infected faeces, from a sanitary point <strong>of</strong> view, is represented by spreading <strong>the</strong>m on <strong>the</strong> fields before ploughing, this practice is not suitable from an environmental point <strong>of</strong> view, because <strong>of</strong> low efficiency <strong>of</strong> N absorption by plants.. Therefore, alternative methods with a higher efficiency are adopted, such as spreading manure on actively growing plants.. In our study we have verified <strong>the</strong> contamination risk <strong>of</strong> forages on which faeces had been spread in autumn and winter. Our results confirm that liquid slurry seems to be more contaminated if compared with packed manure, consistent with data reported by o<strong>the</strong>r authors in studies regarding environmental sampling in infected herds (4). Although <strong>the</strong> limited number <strong>of</strong> samples processed must be taken into consideration, our results show that in <strong>the</strong> described conditions, <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> forage contamination by Map, after spreading faeces from infected herds, was limited; in fact <strong>the</strong> only positive result has been recorded on fresh grass 15-30 days before harvesting, in a herd with a very high prevalence (38%). In all <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r cases, no positive results were recorded on hay, both shortly after field drying and after stocking it in bales.. This result confirms <strong>the</strong> data reported by o<strong>the</strong>r authors, in which <strong>the</strong> research <strong>of</strong> Map on forages contaminated with infected faeces had always given negative results (4). We can conclude that, spreading contaminated faeces on <strong>the</strong> fields, provided that it is done at least a few months before harvesting, has minor importance in an infected herd if compared with o<strong>the</strong>r hygienic and managerial factors.. However, one useful precaution is to avoid <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> potentially contaminated forages to feed animals lower than 12 months, <strong>the</strong> period <strong>of</strong> higher sensitivity to <strong>the</strong> infection.. Ano<strong>the</strong>r important aspect is represented by <strong>the</strong> purchasing <strong>of</strong> forages in negative herds, in which also a limited risk must be avoided, preferring <strong>the</strong> purchasing <strong>of</strong> forages not fertilized with bovine faeces.. 174 3
Page 1 and 2:
Book of Abstracts
Page 4 and 5:
Proceedings <stron
Page 6 and 7:
Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
Page 8 and 9:
Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
Page 10 and 11:
Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
Page 12 and 13:
Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
Page 14 and 15:
1120-1140 #88: Influence of
Page 16 and 17:
Concurrent Session B - Rm 175 Wille
Page 18 and 19:
Thursday, August 13 Thursday, Augus
Page 20:
Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
Page 23 and 24:
#229 Detecting Johne’s Disease he
Page 25 and 26:
Kalis CHJ, Hesselink JW, Barkema HW
Page 27 and 28:
MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling For
Page 29 and 30:
To better determine the</st
Page 31 and 32:
#107 Multilocus Short Sequence Repe
Page 33 and 34:
Fig. 1. Dendogram (showing genetic
Page 35 and 36:
#105 MIRU-VNTR genotyping o
Page 37:
Diagnostics and Genotyping Poster A
Page 40 and 41:
Missouri). Serum from a cow with do
Page 42 and 43:
#7 Significance of
Page 44 and 45:
RESULTS Of the 327
Page 46 and 47:
Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
Page 48 and 49:
#16 Histopathological and immunohis
Page 50 and 51:
#19 Development of
Page 52 and 53:
#36 Genetic diversity of</s
Page 54 and 55:
#60 Evaluation of
Page 56 and 57:
#66 Comparison of
Page 58 and 59:
(b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
Page 60 and 61:
(d) f57 Real Time PCR. The figure o
Page 62 and 63:
• MIRU (3 loci); • VNTR-MIRU (7
Page 64 and 65:
indexes, compared to each single an
Page 66 and 67:
#108 Evaluation of
Page 68 and 69:
#110 Detection and molecular confir
Page 70 and 71:
endoscopic criteria and histopathol
Page 72 and 73:
Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine
Page 74 and 75:
#131 Seroprevalence of</str
Page 76 and 77:
could be partly attributed to a sma
Page 78 and 79:
#146 Analysis of v
Page 80 and 81:
#162 Comparison of
Page 82 and 83:
#187 Comparison of
Page 84 and 85:
#191 Potentiating day-old blood sam
Page 86 and 87:
samples from the s
Page 88 and 89:
(MAA) (MAP87 and MAP3776) and 1 fro
Page 90 and 91:
#196 Inter- and intra-subtype genot
Page 92 and 93:
RESULTS In 601 (29%) of</st
Page 94 and 95:
#211 Culture of my
Page 96 and 97:
#242 Application and field validati
Page 98 and 99:
#251 Diagnosis of
Page 100 and 101:
Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
Page 102 and 103:
#254 Programmes on Paratuberculosis
Page 104 and 105:
Fig. 1. European countries specifyi
Page 106 and 107:
A bulk milk quality assurance progr
Page 108 and 109:
Republic of Lithua
Page 110 and 111:
#276 Elimination of</strong
Page 112 and 113:
other projects and
Page 114 and 115:
Woodbine KA, Schukken YH, Green LE,
Page 116 and 117:
Host Response and Immunology Keynot
Page 118 and 119:
#33 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE No interfe
Page 120 and 121:
#75 Interleukin 17 and interleukin
Page 122 and 123:
#173 Local and systemic roles for b
Page 124 and 125: #23 Role of Mycoba
Page 126 and 127: Host Response and Immunology Poster
Page 128 and 129: #28 Intestinal MAP Infection via Pe
Page 130 and 131: #73 Age susceptibility of</
Page 132 and 133: #95 Role of nitric
Page 134 and 135: #134 Analysis of <
Page 136 and 137: #157 Study of <str
Page 138 and 139: #163 Immunohistochemical expression
Page 140 and 141: #193 Development of</strong
Page 142 and 143: #209 Murine macrophages carrying an
Page 144 and 145: #224 Application of</strong
Page 146 and 147: Table 1 UK and Cyprus MAP survey Re
Page 148 and 149: #228 Mycobacterium avium ssp. parat
Page 150 and 151: #145 MERKAL AWARD LECTURE Multinomi
Page 152 and 153: #50 Assessment of
Page 154 and 155: Table 1. Posterior median (CrIs) <s
Page 156 and 157: #55 Birth clusters of</stro
Page 158 and 159: from their dam, se
Page 160 and 161: #88 Influence of b
Page 162 and 163: #104 Relation between faecal shedde
Page 164 and 165: Epidemiology Poster Abstracts 109 1
Page 166 and 167: #22 The Prevalence of</stro
Page 168 and 169: CONCLUSION IS1311-based nested Ma/M
Page 170 and 171: #42 Seroprevalence survey o
Page 172 and 173: #77 Characterisation of</st
Page 176 and 177: REFERENCES 1) Chiodini RJ, Van Krui
Page 178 and 179: #113 Effect of soi
Page 180 and 181: #136 Error-adjusted, variance parti
Page 182 and 183: Latium Region Viterbo districts RES
Page 184 and 185: #144 The suitability of</st
Page 186 and 187: #178 Age structure of</stro
Page 188 and 189: A statistically significant lower f
Page 190 and 191: #183 Sero-prevalence of</st
Page 192 and 193: #218 Johne’s disease in t
Page 194 and 195: #244 A survey to estimate t
Page 196 and 197: Control Programs Keynote Lecture Re
Page 198 and 199: #202 Milk quality assurance for par
Page 200 and 201: #141 Control of pa
Page 202 and 203: #198 Use of small
Page 204 and 205: Control Programs Poster Abstracts 1
Page 206 and 207: RESULTS Loss of al
Page 208 and 209: #40 Managing Bovine Johnes Disease
Page 210 and 211: #74 Economic analysis of</s
Page 212 and 213: #87 Evaluation of
Page 214 and 215: separately for each existing herd <
Page 216 and 217: #98 An inter-laboratory ring-trial
Page 218 and 219: #120 Paratuberculosis vaccine inter
Page 220 and 221: The statement provides: • A stand
Page 222 and 223: COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disea
Page 224 and 225:
#168 Paratuberculosis in Iran: past
Page 226 and 227:
#180 Behavioural change in owners <
Page 228 and 229:
the fact that <str
Page 230 and 231:
#182 An integrated risk based appro
Page 232 and 233:
etween 0 to 10, depending on <stron
Page 234 and 235:
#203 Milk quality assurance for par
Page 236 and 237:
#234 Johne’s disease vaccine: a c
Page 238 and 239:
Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Conve
Page 240 and 241:
#45 Identification of</stro
Page 242 and 243:
#117 Adsorption of
Page 244 and 245:
#222 Atypical structural features <
Page 246 and 247:
Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Persp
Page 248 and 249:
247
Page 250 and 251:
#52 Is ‘Indian Bison Type’ Myco
Page 252 and 253:
#69 In vitro susceptibility <strong
Page 254 and 255:
#118 Cloning, expression and purifi
Page 256 and 257:
#176 A reference proteomic pr<stron
Page 258 and 259:
#213 Construction the</stro
Page 260 and 261:
#230 Iron concentration dependent s
Page 262 and 263:
261
Page 264 and 265:
263
Page 266 and 267:
Abstract not available at press tim
Page 268 and 269:
#174 Sharing of
Page 270 and 271:
#177 Associations between CARD15 po
Page 272 and 273:
Perspectives Talk: Public Health My
Page 274 and 275:
273
Page 276 and 277:
A total of 206 qua
Page 278 and 279:
Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
Page 280 and 281:
In 2008, the Ameri
Page 282 and 283:
#115 Crohn’s disease and ruminant
Page 284 and 285:
International John
Page 286 and 287:
#76 Towards improved reporting stan
Page 288 and 289:
#97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
Page 290 and 291:
#241 US Vaccine Initiative through
Page 292 and 293:
Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
Page 294 and 295:
PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
show all

Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?