Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis

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from <strong>the</strong>ir dam, separate colostrum collecting and feeding to <strong>the</strong> calves by <strong>the</strong> calf manager and improvements in general sanitation throughout <strong>the</strong> calf feeding program and housing. The Johne’s Control Program also included <strong>the</strong> discontinuation <strong>of</strong> feeding <strong>the</strong> milking herd TMR overages to <strong>the</strong> young stock herd. These measures resulted in a decrease in Johne’s prevalence at this farm. In <strong>the</strong> data analysis we <strong>the</strong>refore made a comparison between <strong>the</strong> two different time blocks. Calves born before and after January 1,1999 were distinguished and analyzed separately to evaluate influence <strong>of</strong> management changes to control Johne’s disease at this farm. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 shows <strong>the</strong> change in incidence and prevalence from 1995 to 2002. Incidence <strong>of</strong> infections was initially high, but dropped dramatically after 1998 when a Johne’s control program was implemented. Prevalence also dropped but less dramatically. Although it is a single farm observation, it appears that <strong>the</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong> a Johne’s control strategy had a dramatic impact on incidence <strong>of</strong> new infections. Prevalence dropped also, but because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lagging effect <strong>of</strong> incident infections from previous years, <strong>the</strong> drop in prevalence was not as steep compared to <strong>the</strong> drop in incidence. Fecal shedding prevalence was a function <strong>of</strong> overall infection prevalence and showed <strong>the</strong> same gradual decrease. Significant clusters are presented in Table 1. We did not find any cluster with a window size <strong>of</strong> 4 days. There were a total <strong>of</strong> 8 clusters with a window size <strong>of</strong> 10 days, 4 clusters with a window size <strong>of</strong> 60 days and <strong>the</strong> same number <strong>of</strong> clusters with a window size <strong>of</strong> 90 days, finally, two clusters with a window size <strong>of</strong> 120 days were observed. The data were separately analyzed for <strong>the</strong> births before January 1, 1999 and <strong>the</strong> births after this date. These split analyses showed that all birth clusters occurred before January 1, 1999. No significant clusters <strong>of</strong> MAP infection were shown to be present after this date. 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Prevalence Fecal shedding Incidence 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Fig. 1 Prevalence, Incidence and fecal shedding at <strong>the</strong> study farm. Table 1. Significant MAP infection birth clusters in <strong>the</strong> time frame from 1989 to 2003. Clusters <strong>of</strong> different window size are presented. All clusters are shown and <strong>the</strong> mean number <strong>of</strong> cases and <strong>the</strong> total cluster size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> clusters are presented. 157
Window size MAP infection birth clusters. cases in cluster (total cluster size) 4 - - - - - - - - - 10 27 (34) 60 111 (154) 90 170 (255) 120 214 (327) 26 (33) 104 (166) 115 (209) 118 (238) 20 (23) 67 (116) 36 (55) 18 (20) 57 (110) 67 (133) 25 (33) 24 (32) 29 (42) 14 (17) mean 23 (29) - - - - 85 (137) - - - - 97 (163) - - - - - - 166 (283) These data indicated that for <strong>the</strong> herd studies, most clusters were observed with a window <strong>of</strong> 10 days, indicating important contamination <strong>of</strong> calving pens so that multiple calves may have become infected due to a single MAP shedder. The window size <strong>of</strong> 60-120 days would indicate <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> calf-to-calf transmission with most evidence pointing to an infectious period <strong>of</strong> 60 to 90 days. The data from this farm showed very similar results compared to previous experimental (VanRoermund et al. 2007) and observational studies (Benedictus et al. 2007). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> MAP testing and herd demographic data <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dairy farm in Upstate New York. REFERENCES Benedictus A., Mitchell RM., Linde-Widmann M., Sweeney R., Fyock T., Schukken YH., Witlock, RH, 2008. Transmission parameters <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections in a dairy herd going through a control program. Prev Vet Med 83:215-227. Kulldorff M, 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods, 26:481-1496. van Roermund HJ, Bakker D, Willemsen PT, de Jong MC, 2007. Horizontal transmission <strong>of</strong> Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle in an experimental setting: calves can transmit <strong>the</strong> infection to o<strong>the</strong>r calves. Vet Microbiol. 122:270-279. Whitlock, R.H., Buergelt, C., 1996. Preclinical and clinical manifestations <strong>of</strong> paratuberculosis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 12 345-356 158
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Book of Abstracts
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Proceedings <stron
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Grant Support and Sponsorship <stro
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Scott Wells - Planning Committee Ch
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Monday, August 10, 2009 - All sessi
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Kari Røste Lybeck, Anne Kristine S
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Concurrent Session B - Rm 175 Wille
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Thursday, August 13 Thursday, Augus
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Convenor
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#229 Detecting Johne’s Disease he
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Kalis CHJ, Hesselink JW, Barkema HW
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling For
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To better determine the</st
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#107 Multilocus Short Sequence Repe
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Fig. 1. Dendogram (showing genetic
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Diagnostics and Genotyping Poster A
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Missouri). Serum from a cow with do
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#7 Significance of
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RESULTS Of the 327
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Direct fecal nested Map PCR testing
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#16 Histopathological and immunohis
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#19 Development of
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(b) IS900 Nested PCR, using p90-p91
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indexes, compared to each single an
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#108 Evaluation of
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#110 Detection and molecular confir
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endoscopic criteria and histopathol
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Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine
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#131 Seroprevalence of</str
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could be partly attributed to a sma
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#146 Analysis of v
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#162 Comparison of
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#187 Comparison of
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#191 Potentiating day-old blood sam
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samples from the s
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(MAA) (MAP87 and MAP3776) and 1 fro
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#196 Inter- and intra-subtype genot
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RESULTS In 601 (29%) of</st
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#211 Culture of my
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#242 Application and field validati
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#251 Diagnosis of
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Table 2. Paratuberculosis PCR resul
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#254 Programmes on Paratuberculosis
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Fig. 1. European countries specifyi
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A bulk milk quality assurance progr
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#40 Managing Bovine Johnes Disease
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separately for each existing herd <
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COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disea
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#168 Paratuberculosis in Iran: past
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#180 Behavioural change in owners <
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the fact that <str
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etween 0 to 10, depending on <stron
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Conve
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Pathogenomics and MAP Biology Persp
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Perspectives Talk: Public Health My
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A total of 206 qua
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Feller, M., K. Huwiler, R. Stephan,
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In 2008, the Ameri
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#115 Crohn’s disease and ruminant
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International John
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#97 The EU ParaTBTools Project - Th
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Paratuberculosis ELISA Reliable, si
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PRIONICS AG WAGISTRASSE 27A PHONE +
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