The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

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Contributors A number of individuals and organisations have contributed to this book, in particular to the product descriptions in Chapter 4 and the case studies referenced in Chapter 5. The author would like to thank everyone for their co-operation and acknowledge the particular contribution of the following (listed in alphabetical order): Contributor(s) Association/Organisation Website (accessed February 2006) Steve Churchouse Beth Reid AEA Technology, UK www.aeat.com Jean-Christophe Anjou Recherche, Générale des www.veoliaenvironnement. Schrotter, Eaux, France com/en/group/research/ Nicholas David anjou_recherche Steve Goodwin Aquabio Limited, UK www.aquabio.co.uk Atsuo Kubota Microza Division, Asahi Kasei www.asahi-kasei.co.jp/asahi/ Chemicals Corporation, Japan en/aboutasahi/products.html Tullio Montagnoli ASM, Brescia Eric Wildeboer Berghof Membrane Technology, www.berghof-gruppe.de/ The Netherlands Membrane_Technologylang-en.html Paul Zuber Brightwater Engineering, Bord na www.bnm.ie/environmental/ Móna Environmental UK Ltd, UK large_scale_wastewater_ treatment /processes/ membrane.htm Paddy McGuinness Colloide Engineering Systems, Northern Ireland Cork County Council, Ireland www.colloide.com Tom Stephenson, Cranfield University, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk/sims/ Bruce Jefferson, Harriet Fletcher, Ewan McAdam, Folasade Fawenhimni, Paul Jeffrey water
xiv Contributors Contributor(s) Association/Organisation Website (accessed February 2006) Adriano Joss, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of www.eawag.ch Hansruedi Siegrist Aquatic Science and Technology), Switzerland Dennis Livingston Enviroquip Inc., USA www.enviroquip.com Christoph Brepols Erftverband, Germany John Minnery GE Water and Process Technologies, USA www.gewater.com Chen-Hung Ni Green Environmental Technology Co Ltd, Taiwan Torsten Hackner Hans Huber AG, Germany www.huber.de Jason Sims Huber Technology UK, Wiltshire, UK www.huber.co.uk Shanshan Chou, Energy and Environment Research www.itri.org.tw/eng/index.jsp Wang-Kuan Chang Laboratories (E2Lab), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan Michael Dimitriou ITT Advanced Water Treatment, USA www.aquious.com Marc Feyaerts Keppel Seghers, Belgium www.keppelseghers.com Klaus Vossenkaul Koch Membrane Systems GmbH, Germany www.puron.de Ryosuke (Djo) Kubota Membrane Europe Ltd, www.kubota-mbr.com/ Maekawa London UK product.html Phoebe Lam Lam Environmental Services Ltd and www.lamconstruct.com Motimo Membrane Technology Ltd, China www.motimo.com.cn/mbr.htm Margot Görzel, Stefan Krause Microdyn-Nadir GmbH, Germany www.microdyn-nadir.de Steve Wilkes Millenniumpore, UK www.millenniumpore.co.uk Noriaki Fukushima Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering Co. Ltd, Membrane Products Department, Aqua Division, Japan www.mrc.co.jp/mre/English Derek Rodman Naston, Surrey, UK www.naston.co.uk Ronald van’t Oever Norit X-Flow BV, The Netherlands www.x-flow.com Sylvie Fraval, Marine Bence Novasep Process, Orelis, France www.groupenovasep.com Olivier Lorain Polymem, France Harry Seah Public Utilities Board, Singapore www.pub.gov.sg/home/ index.aspx Nathan Haralson, Siemens Water Technologies – Memcor www.usfilter.com Ed Jordan, Scott Pallwitz Products, USA Fufang Zha Siemens Water Technologies – Memcor Products, Australia Kiran Arun Kekre, Centre for Advanced Water Technology www.sui.com.sg/CAWT Tao Guihe (a division of Singapore Utilities International Private Ltd) Innovation Centre, Singapore Webpage/CAWTAboutUs.htm
Page 2 and 3: The MBR Book
Page 4 and 5: The MBR Book: Principles and Applic
Page 6 and 7: Contents Preface ix Contributors xi
Page 8 and 9: Contents vii 4.2.5 The Industrial T
Page 10 and 11: Preface What’s In and What’s No
Page 12 and 13: Term Meaning Common units MLD Megal
Page 16 and 17: Contributor(s) Association/Organisa
Page 18 and 19: Introduction With acknowledgements
Page 20 and 21: such as the filtration market, tech
Page 22 and 23: D R IVE R S R EST R AI N TS Bathing
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 7 Much of the legislat
Page 26 and 27: of non-point source pollution contr
Page 28 and 29: exploitation index (WEI), the value
Page 30 and 31: 1 500 000 1 250 000 1 000 000 750 0
Page 32 and 33: Alternative immersed FS and HF memb
Page 34 and 35: 1.6 Conclusions Whilst the most sig
Page 36 and 37: Introduction 19 USEPA (2006b) www.e
Page 38 and 39: Fundamentals With acknowledgements
Page 40 and 41: they can be put, which then provide
Page 42 and 43: 3µm (a) (b) membrane is chemically
Page 44 and 45: Table 2.2 Membrane configurations C
Page 46 and 47: 2.1.4 Membrane process operation 2.
Page 48 and 49: only pseudo-steady-state (or stabil
Page 50 and 51: P max P dP/dt backwash cycle t b Ba
Page 52 and 53: Fundamentals 35 2.1.4.6 Critical fl
Page 54 and 55: neo-exponential increase at fluxes
Page 56 and 57: Screened raw sewage biologically ar
Page 58 and 59: Table 2.4 Microbial metabolism type
Page 60 and 61: which affords the operator complete
Page 62 and 63: Cumulative %ile undersize 1 0.8 0.6
Page 64 and 65:
occurs from the surrounding air to
Page 66 and 67:
(Madoni et al., 1993). The inter-re
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Viscosity (mPa s) 100 10 1 Viscosit
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on discharged P levels have been im
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Membrane process mode Diffusion Ext
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energy demand in kWh/m 3 permeate p
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Table 2.5 System facets of denitrif
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Fundamentals 61 Moreover, the poten
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iomass. There are also issues with
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Table 2.6 Effect of pore size on MB
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Fundamentals 67 fouling to be influ
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Fundamentals 69 fouling (i.e. membr
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2.3.6 Feed and biomass characterist
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Fouling relative distribution (%) 1
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has been proposed by Cho and co-wor
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Fundamentals 77 in the influent. Ab
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MLSS sample Centrifugation 5 min 50
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Table 2.11 Concentration of SMP com
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Fundamentals 83 correlation of MBR
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(Cui et al., 2003) by inducing liqu
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Fundamentals 87 air cannot be used
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Table 2.12 Dynamic effects Determin
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Fundamentals 91 Table 2.13 Sub-crit
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Fundamentals 93 sludge (Cho and Fan
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Fundamentals 95 2.3.9.2 Employing a
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Fundamentals 97 Whilst ultrasonic c
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and immersed hybrid PAC-MBR (Kim an
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Lastly, the vast majority of all st
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Fundamentals 103 Brookes, A., Judd,
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Fundamentals 105 Côté, P., Buisso
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Fundamentals 107 Fuchs, W., Schatzm
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Fundamentals 109 Howell, J.A., Chua
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Fundamentals 111 Krauth, K. and Sta
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Fundamentals 113 Liu, R., Huang, X.
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Fundamentals 115 Nielson, P.H. and
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Fundamentals 117 Sato, T. and Ishii
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Fundamentals 119 Van Lier, J.B. (19
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Fundamentals 121 Zhang, Y., Bu, D.,
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Design With acknowledgements to: Ch
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Other contributions to pumping ener
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where J c is the cleaning flux. Fro
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Table 3.1 Main features of aeration
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Table 3.2 Biological operating para
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Table 3.3 Physical operating parame
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Table 3.4 Comparative pilot plant t
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Table 3.7 O&M data Design 137 Kubot
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Table 3.8 Feedwater quality, PLWTP
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Table 3.11 Cleaning protocols for t
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Figure 3.1 The planned location of
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Table 3.14 O&M data, Pietramurata W
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Design 147 Table 3.17 Design inform
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Maintenance CIP was conducted throu
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Permeability, LMH/bar 800 700 600 5
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Table 3.22 Summary of pilot plant p
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Table 3.25 Feedwater specification
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Table 3.34 Aeration design Paramete
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In short, the design calculation de
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complications arise when estimating
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Chapter 4 Commercial Technologies W
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4.1 Introduction Available and deve
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Commercial technologies 167 suction
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synonymous with R V Equation (3.13)
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(a) (b) Figure 4.8 The Huber VRM ®
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and is very robust. However, the la
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Commercial technologies 175 (a) (b)
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(a) (b) (c) Commercial technologies
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Other equipment 1.11% Process air b
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Thus far, almost all of the install
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Figure 4.22 A rack of Memcor B10R m
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Tensile elongation retention (%) 10
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Figure 4.28 Pilot plant at Mooka Co
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at 10 000-12 000 mg/L. The membrane
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4m 4m 1m Commercial technologies 19
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Figure 4.36 Ejector aerator Commerc
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Denitrification Nitrification Waste
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modules, with pore sizes ranging fr
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(a) (b) Figure 4.46 (a) Han-S Envir
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aerobic counterpart. This may be pa
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of the particularly large-diameter
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(c) air channelling, the risk of wh
Page 224 and 225:
Case Studies With acknowledgements
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5.1 Introduction Membrane Bioreacto
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Case studies 211 Table 5.1 Comparis
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Case studies 213 0.6 m 3 per unit.
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Case studies 215 area of 15 840 m 2
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Aeration tank 1 FBDA FBDA 32 x J200
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Case studies 219 In this UNR config
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Table 5.6 Design criteria, Running
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Works inlet Inlet works Storm tank
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Case studies 225 to be treated to a
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Case studies 227 membranes, assembl
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Figure 5.16 A Naston package plant
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Air Influent DN N M Figure 5.18 The
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Table 5.9 Toray membrane-based MBR
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Figure 5.23 Aeration tank and cover
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Figure 5.24 The original plant at B
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Main permeate header Permeate pump
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Case studies 241 flow. Sludge waste
Page 260 and 261:
Table 5.15 Water quality data, Unif
Page 262 and 263:
TMP (Kpa) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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10 LMH; the plant operated at fluxe
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Table 5.17 Feed and treated water q
Page 268 and 269:
Table 5.18 Water quality, Sobelgra
Page 270 and 271:
Figure 5.37 Airlift municipal WWTP,
Page 272 and 273:
Case studies 255 has been 20 g/L, b
Page 274 and 275:
Case studies 257 The company had in
Page 276 and 277:
Filtrate (ml) 25 20 15 10 5 IIndust
Page 278 and 279:
Inflow Buffer tank Filtration Denit
Page 280 and 281:
Figure 5.45 The VHP MBR (a) (b) Cas
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Figure 5.47 The Eden Project MBR Ba
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Table 5.25 Basis for process design
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5.4.7 Other Orelis plant Case studi
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two membrane module configurations.
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Appendix A Blower Power Consumption
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or or (A.4) where � is the ratio
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Appendix B MBR Biotreatment Base Pa
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Y 0.61 g VSS/g COD Fan et al. (1996
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Appendix C Hollow Fibre Module Para
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L being the internal module length
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Appendix D Membrane Products
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Table D.3 Membrane module details o
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Table D.4 (continued) Supplier Asah
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Table D.5 Membrane module details o
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Appendix E Major Recent MBR and Was
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Conference title meet Dates Locatio
Page 314 and 315:
Event Last held Location Website Fo
Page 316 and 317:
Appendix F Selected Professional an
Page 318 and 319:
Japan Water Works Association (JWWA
Page 320 and 321:
Nomenclature � Separation (m) �
Page 322 and 323:
Nomenclature 305 Rsup Hydraulic res
Page 324 and 325:
Abbreviations The following lists k
Page 326 and 327:
PES Polyethylsulphone PP Polypropyl
Page 328 and 329:
Glossary of Terms A number of key t
Page 330 and 331:
Floc Aggregated solid (biomass) par
Page 332 and 333:
Glossary of terms 315 Relaxation Ce
Page 334 and 335:
Index A � factor 47, 49-50 and vi
Page 336 and 337:
investment 9 for membrane replaceme
Page 338 and 339:
I Iberia 2 immersed biomass-rejecti
Page 340 and 341:
Nordkanal wastewater treatment work
Page 342:
SUR unit 180 surface porosity 30 Su
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