The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Design With acknowledgements to: Chapter 3 Section 3.1 Harriet Fletcher School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, UK Section 3.2.4 Kiran Kekre, Tao Guihe Centre for Advanced Water Technology, Singapore Harry Seah Public Utilities Board, Singapore Section 3.2.5 Guiseppe Guglielmi, Department of. Civil and Gianni Andreottola Environmental Engineering, University of Trento, Italy Section 3.2.6 Adriano Joss, Engineering Department, Eawag, Hansruedi Siegrist Switzerland Section 3.3 Harriet Fletcher School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, UK
124 The MBR Book 3.1 Membrane bioreactor system operational parameters There are essentially three main elements of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) contributing to operating costs, ignoring membrane replacement. These are: 1. liquid pumping 2. membrane maintenance 3. aeration Of these by far the most significant, especially for immersed technologies, is aeration. As already discussed in Chapter 2, aeration is used both for scouring an immersed membrane and for suspending and maintaining a viable biomass. Design of an MBR therefore demands knowledge both of the feedwater quality, which principally determines the oxygen demand for biotreatment, and the aeration demand for fouling control, which relates to a number system characteristics as summarised in Fig. 2.18. The various governing principles have been discussed in Chapter 2. Design equations are summarised below. 3.1.1 Liquid pumping The key hydraulic operating parameters for MBR operation are obviously flux J litres per m 2 per hour (LMH) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) �P m (bar or Pa), from which the permeability K (J/�P m in LMH/bar), kg/(m 2 s) is obtained. In sidestream MBRs the specific energy demand (the energy demanded per unit permeate product volume) for continuous membrane permeation relates primarily to the pressure and conversion, and is roughly given by: WhP � � � 1 rj ∑ (3.1) where � is the density (kg/m 3 ), Θ is the conversion achieved by a single passage of fluid along the length of the module (nominally 100% for submerged systems) and � is the pumping energy efficiency. In the above equation ��P refers to the sum of all individual pressure losses which, for a sidestream system, comprises �P m and the pressure losses in the retentate channels, �P r, all pressure values being in SI units. As explained in Section 2.3.1, maximising Θ to reduce W h relies on increasing the total length of the flow path through the membrane channel and increasing the shear rate, but this has the effect of increasing �P r. The optimum operating conditions for a given channel dimension (tube diameter or parallel flow channel separation) is therefore determined by relatively straight-forward hydraulic considerations, perhaps complicated slightly by the non-Newtonian nature of the sludge (Section 2.2.5.3). For submerged MBRs, the total pressure loss is of lesser importance, since it is necessarily very low to sustain operation. In this configuration the pressure loss, principally the TMP, reflects state of membrane fouling, through K, but contributes very little to the energy demand. Instead, the specific aeration energy demand is mainly governed by the aeration intensity (Section 3.1.3.2).
Page 2 and 3:
The MBR Book
Page 4 and 5:
The MBR Book: Principles and Applic
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Preface ix Contributors xi
Page 8 and 9:
Contents vii 4.2.5 The Industrial T
Page 10 and 11:
Preface What’s In and What’s No
Page 12 and 13:
Term Meaning Common units MLD Megal
Page 14 and 15:
Contributors A number of individual
Page 16 and 17:
Contributor(s) Association/Organisa
Page 18 and 19:
Introduction With acknowledgements
Page 20 and 21:
such as the filtration market, tech
Page 22 and 23:
D R IVE R S R EST R AI N TS Bathing
Page 24 and 25:
Introduction 7 Much of the legislat
Page 26 and 27:
of non-point source pollution contr
Page 28 and 29:
exploitation index (WEI), the value
Page 30 and 31:
1 500 000 1 250 000 1 000 000 750 0
Page 32 and 33:
Alternative immersed FS and HF memb
Page 34 and 35:
1.6 Conclusions Whilst the most sig
Page 36 and 37:
Introduction 19 USEPA (2006b) www.e
Page 38 and 39:
Fundamentals With acknowledgements
Page 40 and 41:
they can be put, which then provide
Page 42 and 43:
3µm (a) (b) membrane is chemically
Page 44 and 45:
Table 2.2 Membrane configurations C
Page 46 and 47:
2.1.4 Membrane process operation 2.
Page 48 and 49:
only pseudo-steady-state (or stabil
Page 50 and 51:
P max P dP/dt backwash cycle t b Ba
Page 52 and 53:
Fundamentals 35 2.1.4.6 Critical fl
Page 54 and 55:
neo-exponential increase at fluxes
Page 56 and 57:
Screened raw sewage biologically ar
Page 58 and 59:
Table 2.4 Microbial metabolism type
Page 60 and 61:
which affords the operator complete
Page 62 and 63:
Cumulative %ile undersize 1 0.8 0.6
Page 64 and 65:
occurs from the surrounding air to
Page 66 and 67:
(Madoni et al., 1993). The inter-re
Page 68 and 69:
Viscosity (mPa s) 100 10 1 Viscosit
Page 70 and 71:
on discharged P levels have been im
Page 72 and 73:
Membrane process mode Diffusion Ext
Page 74 and 75:
energy demand in kWh/m 3 permeate p
Page 76 and 77:
Table 2.5 System facets of denitrif
Page 78 and 79:
Fundamentals 61 Moreover, the poten
Page 80 and 81:
iomass. There are also issues with
Page 82 and 83:
Table 2.6 Effect of pore size on MB
Page 84 and 85:
Fundamentals 67 fouling to be influ
Page 86 and 87:
Fundamentals 69 fouling (i.e. membr
Page 88 and 89:
2.3.6 Feed and biomass characterist
Page 90 and 91: Fouling relative distribution (%) 1
Page 92 and 93: has been proposed by Cho and co-wor
Page 94 and 95: Fundamentals 77 in the influent. Ab
Page 96 and 97: MLSS sample Centrifugation 5 min 50
Page 98 and 99: Table 2.11 Concentration of SMP com
Page 100 and 101: Fundamentals 83 correlation of MBR
Page 102 and 103: (Cui et al., 2003) by inducing liqu
Page 104 and 105: Fundamentals 87 air cannot be used
Page 106 and 107: Table 2.12 Dynamic effects Determin
Page 108 and 109: Fundamentals 91 Table 2.13 Sub-crit
Page 110 and 111: Fundamentals 93 sludge (Cho and Fan
Page 112 and 113: Fundamentals 95 2.3.9.2 Employing a
Page 114 and 115: Fundamentals 97 Whilst ultrasonic c
Page 116 and 117: and immersed hybrid PAC-MBR (Kim an
Page 118 and 119: Lastly, the vast majority of all st
Page 120 and 121: Fundamentals 103 Brookes, A., Judd,
Page 122 and 123: Fundamentals 105 Côté, P., Buisso
Page 124 and 125: Fundamentals 107 Fuchs, W., Schatzm
Page 126 and 127: Fundamentals 109 Howell, J.A., Chua
Page 128 and 129: Fundamentals 111 Krauth, K. and Sta
Page 130 and 131: Fundamentals 113 Liu, R., Huang, X.
Page 132 and 133: Fundamentals 115 Nielson, P.H. and
Page 134 and 135: Fundamentals 117 Sato, T. and Ishii
Page 136 and 137: Fundamentals 119 Van Lier, J.B. (19
Page 138 and 139: Fundamentals 121 Zhang, Y., Bu, D.,
Page 142 and 143: Other contributions to pumping ener
Page 144 and 145: where J c is the cleaning flux. Fro
Page 146 and 147: Table 3.1 Main features of aeration
Page 148 and 149: Table 3.2 Biological operating para
Page 150 and 151: Table 3.3 Physical operating parame
Page 152 and 153: Table 3.4 Comparative pilot plant t
Page 154 and 155: Table 3.7 O&M data Design 137 Kubot
Page 156 and 157: Table 3.8 Feedwater quality, PLWTP
Page 158 and 159: Table 3.11 Cleaning protocols for t
Page 160 and 161: Figure 3.1 The planned location of
Page 162 and 163: Table 3.14 O&M data, Pietramurata W
Page 164 and 165: Design 147 Table 3.17 Design inform
Page 166 and 167: Maintenance CIP was conducted throu
Page 168 and 169: Permeability, LMH/bar 800 700 600 5
Page 170 and 171: Table 3.22 Summary of pilot plant p
Page 172 and 173: Table 3.25 Feedwater specification
Page 174 and 175: Table 3.34 Aeration design Paramete
Page 176 and 177: In short, the design calculation de
Page 178 and 179: complications arise when estimating
Page 180 and 181: Chapter 4 Commercial Technologies W
Page 182 and 183: 4.1 Introduction Available and deve
Page 184 and 185: Commercial technologies 167 suction
Page 186 and 187: synonymous with R V Equation (3.13)
Page 188 and 189: (a) (b) Figure 4.8 The Huber VRM ®
Page 190 and 191:
and is very robust. However, the la
Page 192 and 193:
Commercial technologies 175 (a) (b)
Page 194 and 195:
(a) (b) (c) Commercial technologies
Page 196 and 197:
Other equipment 1.11% Process air b
Page 198 and 199:
Thus far, almost all of the install
Page 200 and 201:
Figure 4.22 A rack of Memcor B10R m
Page 202 and 203:
Tensile elongation retention (%) 10
Page 204 and 205:
Figure 4.28 Pilot plant at Mooka Co
Page 206 and 207:
at 10 000-12 000 mg/L. The membrane
Page 208 and 209:
4m 4m 1m Commercial technologies 19
Page 210 and 211:
Figure 4.36 Ejector aerator Commerc
Page 212 and 213:
Denitrification Nitrification Waste
Page 214 and 215:
modules, with pore sizes ranging fr
Page 216 and 217:
(a) (b) Figure 4.46 (a) Han-S Envir
Page 218 and 219:
aerobic counterpart. This may be pa
Page 220 and 221:
of the particularly large-diameter
Page 222 and 223:
(c) air channelling, the risk of wh
Page 224 and 225:
Case Studies With acknowledgements
Page 226 and 227:
5.1 Introduction Membrane Bioreacto
Page 228 and 229:
Case studies 211 Table 5.1 Comparis
Page 230 and 231:
Case studies 213 0.6 m 3 per unit.
Page 232 and 233:
Case studies 215 area of 15 840 m 2
Page 234 and 235:
Aeration tank 1 FBDA FBDA 32 x J200
Page 236 and 237:
Case studies 219 In this UNR config
Page 238 and 239:
Table 5.6 Design criteria, Running
Page 240 and 241:
Works inlet Inlet works Storm tank
Page 242 and 243:
Case studies 225 to be treated to a
Page 244 and 245:
Case studies 227 membranes, assembl
Page 246 and 247:
Figure 5.16 A Naston package plant
Page 248 and 249:
Air Influent DN N M Figure 5.18 The
Page 250 and 251:
Table 5.9 Toray membrane-based MBR
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 5.23 Aeration tank and cover
Page 254 and 255:
Figure 5.24 The original plant at B
Page 256 and 257:
Main permeate header Permeate pump
Page 258 and 259:
Case studies 241 flow. Sludge waste
Page 260 and 261:
Table 5.15 Water quality data, Unif
Page 262 and 263:
TMP (Kpa) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 264 and 265:
10 LMH; the plant operated at fluxe
Page 266 and 267:
Table 5.17 Feed and treated water q
Page 268 and 269:
Table 5.18 Water quality, Sobelgra
Page 270 and 271:
Figure 5.37 Airlift municipal WWTP,
Page 272 and 273:
Case studies 255 has been 20 g/L, b
Page 274 and 275:
Case studies 257 The company had in
Page 276 and 277:
Filtrate (ml) 25 20 15 10 5 IIndust
Page 278 and 279:
Inflow Buffer tank Filtration Denit
Page 280 and 281:
Figure 5.45 The VHP MBR (a) (b) Cas
Page 282 and 283:
Figure 5.47 The Eden Project MBR Ba
Page 284 and 285:
Table 5.25 Basis for process design
Page 286 and 287:
5.4.7 Other Orelis plant Case studi
Page 288 and 289:
two membrane module configurations.
Page 290 and 291:
Appendix A Blower Power Consumption
Page 292 and 293:
or or (A.4) where � is the ratio
Page 294 and 295:
Appendix B MBR Biotreatment Base Pa
Page 296 and 297:
Y 0.61 g VSS/g COD Fan et al. (1996
Page 298 and 299:
Appendix C Hollow Fibre Module Para
Page 300 and 301:
L being the internal module length
Page 302 and 303:
Appendix D Membrane Products
Page 304 and 305:
Table D.3 Membrane module details o
Page 306 and 307:
Table D.4 (continued) Supplier Asah
Page 308 and 309:
Table D.5 Membrane module details o
Page 310 and 311:
Appendix E Major Recent MBR and Was
Page 312 and 313:
Conference title meet Dates Locatio
Page 314 and 315:
Event Last held Location Website Fo
Page 316 and 317:
Appendix F Selected Professional an
Page 318 and 319:
Japan Water Works Association (JWWA
Page 320 and 321:
Nomenclature � Separation (m) �
Page 322 and 323:
Nomenclature 305 Rsup Hydraulic res
Page 324 and 325:
Abbreviations The following lists k
Page 326 and 327:
PES Polyethylsulphone PP Polypropyl
Page 328 and 329:
Glossary of Terms A number of key t
Page 330 and 331:
Floc Aggregated solid (biomass) par
Page 332 and 333:
Glossary of terms 315 Relaxation Ce
Page 334 and 335:
Index A � factor 47, 49-50 and vi
Page 336 and 337:
investment 9 for membrane replaceme
Page 338 and 339:
I Iberia 2 immersed biomass-rejecti
Page 340 and 341:
Nordkanal wastewater treatment work
Page 342:
SUR unit 180 surface porosity 30 Su
show all

The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?