The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

vi Contents
2.2.4 Process design and operation fundamentals 42
2.2.5 Aeration 46
2.2.6 Nutrient removal 51
2.2.7 Anaerobic treatment 53
2.3 Membrane bioreactor technology 54
2.3.1 MBR configurations 55
2.3.2 Extractive and diffusive MBRs 57
2.3.3 Denitrification 58
2.3.4 Elements of an immersed biomass-rejection MBR 63
2.3.5 Membrane characteristics 64
2.3.6 Feed and biomass characteristics 71
2.3.7 Operation 84
2.3.8 Fouling mechanisms in MBRs 90
2.3.9 Fouling control and amelioration in MBRs 94
2.4 Summary 99
References 101
Chapter 3 Design
3.1 Membrane bioreactor system operational parameters 124
3.1.1 Liquid pumping 124
3.1.2 Membrane maintenance 125
3.1.3 Aeration 127
3.1.4 Design calculation: summary 130
3.2 Data for technology comparison, immersed systems 134
3.2.1 Introduction 134
3.2.2 Beverwijk wastewater treatment plant,
the Netherlands 135
3.2.3 Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant, San Diego 138
3.2.4 Bedok Water Reclamation Plant, Singapore 141
3.2.5 Pietramurata, University of Trento 143
3.2.6 Eawag pilot plant MBR, Kloten/Opfikon, Switzerland 145
3.3 MBR design and operation 149
3.3.1 Reference data 149
3.3.2 Biokinetic constants 154
3.3.3 Design calculation 154
3.3.4 Design and O&M facets 159
3.4 Summary 160
References 161
Chapter 4 Commercial Technologies
4.1 Introduction 165
4.2 Immersed FS technologies 165
4.2.1 Kubota 165
4.2.2 Brightwater Engineering 169
4.2.3 Colloide Engineering Systems 169
4.2.4 Huber Technology 170