The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

Contents
Preface ix
Contributors xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Current MBR market size and growth projections 2
1.3 Barriers to MBR technology implementation 3
1.4 Drivers for MBR technology implementation 4
1.4.1 Legislation 5
1.4.2 Incentives and funding 8
1.4.3 Investment costs 9
1.4.4 Water scarcity 9
1.4.5 Greater confidence in MBR technology 11
1.5 Historical perspective 11
1.5.1 The early days of the MBR: the roots of the
Kubota and Zenon systems 11
1.5.2 Development of other MBR products 13
1.5.3 The changing market 15
1.6 Conclusions 17
References 17
Chapter 2 Fundamentals
2.1 Membrane technology 22
2.1.1 Membranes and membrane separation processes 22
2.1.2 Membrane materials 24
2.1.3 Membrane configurations 26
2.1.4 Membrane process operation 29
2.2 Biotreatment 37
2.2.1 Biotreatment rationale 37
2.2.2 Processes 37
2.2.3 Microbiology 39