The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

complications arise when estimating the oxygen transfer and hydraulic performance
(flux and permeability) provided by the membrane aeration. The correlation of membrane
flux and permeability with membrane aeration rate and the applied cleaning
protocol relies entirely on heuristically-derived information. Continuing improvements
in MBR process design mean that the boundary conditions for appropriate
operation of specific technologies are changing, with the process costs tending to
decrease year on year as a result. It remains to be seen whether further incremental
improvements can further significantly decrease operating costs in the future.
References
Design 161
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for water reclamation – phase III, Desalination and Water Purification Research
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EPA (1989) EPA/ASCE Design manual on fine pore aeration. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Göbel, A., Thomsen, A., McArdell, C.S., Joss, A. and Giger, W. (2005) Occurrence
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and Seah, H. (2005) New option of MBR-RO process for production of NEWater
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of Progression, H 2O, 10–12.