The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

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Case studies 211 Table 5.1 Comparison of performance of the plants at Aberporth, Newton Aycliffe and Kingston Seymour Parameter Kubota Renovexx Memcor Location Kingston Seymour Newton Aycliffe Aberporth Function TSS, COD/BOD TSS/BOD, precipitated TSS/BOD removal, and and coagulated solids removal and nitrification/ removal disinfection denitrification Membrane material Hydrophilicised PE Dynamic Al floc PP on substrate Membrane configuration Immersed FS Crossflow MF MT Full flow HF Membrane pore size, �m: nominal 0.4 10 (for substrate) 0.2–0.3 operating �0.1 nominal �1 �m 0.2–0.3 Feedwater specification Screened raw Screened, settled Coagulated, settled Sewage sewage sewage TMP (bar) 0.1 2 inlet, 1 bar outlet 0.2 Flux (LMH) 22 140 capacity 87 capacity Production rate (MLD) 0.13 4 capacity 3.75 capacity Membrane module 0.8 m 2 panel 25 mm dia., 22.5 m 0.55 mm diameter � 30 multi-tube, 53 m 2 10 m 2 Total number of modules 300 22 180 Opernational/ Continuous 180/25 a 45/2 regenerational cycle (min) Cleaning Mechanical Water jet, 1/year Brush/water jet Compressed air Chemical 2/year every 3–4 days Total membrane area (m 2 ) 240 1166 2700 (duty/standby) a Membrane life, years �7 1.5–2 (w. brush cleaning) �5 Membrane cost £/m 2 80 b 30–40 35 Capital cost, £m/MLD plant 0.6–0.8/1 0.5/4 na/3.75 a 2:1 duty:standby, hence 1800 m 2 duty. b Projected cost: the cost of the Kubota membrane at the start of the 1995 Kingston Seymour trial was �£150/m 2 including housing. The cost in 2005 for a large installation would be likely to be �£40/m 2 . PP: Polypropylene; PE: Polyethylene; na: not available. Adapted from Judd (1997). Data provided at the time (Judd, 1997) for the three plants, the Kubota and Renovexx pilot plants and the full-scale Memcor plant at Aberporth, are given in Table 5.1 and the schematics in Fig. 5.1. It was evident from the trials that, whilst operating at a much lower flux, the MBR technology offered a number of advantages over the other two membrane technologies: ● It achieved denitrification. ● It achieved significant dissolved organic carbon removal. ● It operated on screened sewage, with no further pretreatment demanded. ● It operated at low pressure. ● It demanded minimal mechanical cleaning.
212 The MBR Book Whilst the projected capital costs of the MBR plant were higher because of the lower flux, this was more than offset by the additional capability offered by the MBR. It is noteworthy that whilst Aberporth remains the only UK site where microfiltration of sewage is employed abiotically, there were at least 44 MBRs for sewage treatment operating in the UK by June 2005, 75–80% of these being Kubota and all but two based on the single-deck membrane (Section 4.2.1). Plant design and operation The stipulations regarding the Porlock plant were that it should be a small-footprint plant, and able to disinfect substantially the sewage whilst imposing little visible impact. The plant therefore had to be housed in a stonefaced building identical in appearance to an adjacent farmhouse (Fig. 5.2). It comprises four aeration tanks (Fig. 5.3), 89 m 3 in liquid volume size and having dimension 3.3 m wide � 7.4 m long � 4.5 m deep. The actual liquid depth is �3.8 m, the dimension allowing for future expansion to seven modules per tank. The tank volume allows for the volume displaced by the membrane units, about Permeate lift pumps Crude effluent inlet Blowers 4. 3. Washing tank Figure 5.2 A view of the MBR plant at Porlock Fine screens 3 mm Membrane units Tidal storage Figure 5.3 A schematic of the MBR plant at Porlock 2. 1. Aeration tanks 1–4 Final effluent out Anoxic recycle tank
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The MBR Book
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The MBR Book: Principles and Applic
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Contents Preface ix Contributors xi
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Contents vii 4.2.5 The Industrial T
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Preface What’s In and What’s No
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Term Meaning Common units MLD Megal
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Contributors A number of individual
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Contributor(s) Association/Organisa
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Introduction With acknowledgements
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such as the filtration market, tech
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D R IVE R S R EST R AI N TS Bathing
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Introduction 7 Much of the legislat
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of non-point source pollution contr
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exploitation index (WEI), the value
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1 500 000 1 250 000 1 000 000 750 0
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Alternative immersed FS and HF memb
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1.6 Conclusions Whilst the most sig
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Introduction 19 USEPA (2006b) www.e
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Fundamentals With acknowledgements
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they can be put, which then provide
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3µm (a) (b) membrane is chemically
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Table 2.2 Membrane configurations C
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2.1.4 Membrane process operation 2.
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only pseudo-steady-state (or stabil
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P max P dP/dt backwash cycle t b Ba
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Fundamentals 35 2.1.4.6 Critical fl
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neo-exponential increase at fluxes
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Screened raw sewage biologically ar
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Table 2.4 Microbial metabolism type
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which affords the operator complete
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Cumulative %ile undersize 1 0.8 0.6
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occurs from the surrounding air to
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(Madoni et al., 1993). The inter-re
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Viscosity (mPa s) 100 10 1 Viscosit
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on discharged P levels have been im
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Membrane process mode Diffusion Ext
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energy demand in kWh/m 3 permeate p
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Table 2.5 System facets of denitrif
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Fundamentals 61 Moreover, the poten
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iomass. There are also issues with
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Table 2.6 Effect of pore size on MB
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Fundamentals 67 fouling to be influ
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Fundamentals 69 fouling (i.e. membr
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2.3.6 Feed and biomass characterist
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Fouling relative distribution (%) 1
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has been proposed by Cho and co-wor
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Fundamentals 77 in the influent. Ab
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MLSS sample Centrifugation 5 min 50
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Table 2.11 Concentration of SMP com
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Fundamentals 83 correlation of MBR
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(Cui et al., 2003) by inducing liqu
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Fundamentals 87 air cannot be used
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Table 2.12 Dynamic effects Determin
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Fundamentals 91 Table 2.13 Sub-crit
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Fundamentals 93 sludge (Cho and Fan
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Fundamentals 95 2.3.9.2 Employing a
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Fundamentals 97 Whilst ultrasonic c
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and immersed hybrid PAC-MBR (Kim an
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Lastly, the vast majority of all st
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Fundamentals 103 Brookes, A., Judd,
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Fundamentals 105 Côté, P., Buisso
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Fundamentals 107 Fuchs, W., Schatzm
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Fundamentals 109 Howell, J.A., Chua
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Fundamentals 111 Krauth, K. and Sta
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Fundamentals 113 Liu, R., Huang, X.
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Fundamentals 115 Nielson, P.H. and
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Fundamentals 117 Sato, T. and Ishii
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Fundamentals 119 Van Lier, J.B. (19
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Fundamentals 121 Zhang, Y., Bu, D.,
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Design With acknowledgements to: Ch
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Other contributions to pumping ener
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where J c is the cleaning flux. Fro
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Table 3.1 Main features of aeration
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Table 3.2 Biological operating para
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Table 3.3 Physical operating parame
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Table 3.4 Comparative pilot plant t
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Table 3.7 O&M data Design 137 Kubot
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Table 3.8 Feedwater quality, PLWTP
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Table 3.11 Cleaning protocols for t
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Figure 3.1 The planned location of
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Table 3.14 O&M data, Pietramurata W
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Design 147 Table 3.17 Design inform
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Maintenance CIP was conducted throu
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Permeability, LMH/bar 800 700 600 5
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Table 3.22 Summary of pilot plant p
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Table 3.25 Feedwater specification
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Table 3.34 Aeration design Paramete
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In short, the design calculation de
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Page 180 and 181: Chapter 4 Commercial Technologies W
Page 182 and 183: 4.1 Introduction Available and deve
Page 184 and 185: Commercial technologies 167 suction
Page 186 and 187: synonymous with R V Equation (3.13)
Page 188 and 189: (a) (b) Figure 4.8 The Huber VRM ®
Page 190 and 191: and is very robust. However, the la
Page 192 and 193: Commercial technologies 175 (a) (b)
Page 194 and 195: (a) (b) (c) Commercial technologies
Page 196 and 197: Other equipment 1.11% Process air b
Page 198 and 199: Thus far, almost all of the install
Page 200 and 201: Figure 4.22 A rack of Memcor B10R m
Page 202 and 203: Tensile elongation retention (%) 10
Page 204 and 205: Figure 4.28 Pilot plant at Mooka Co
Page 206 and 207: at 10 000-12 000 mg/L. The membrane
Page 208 and 209: 4m 4m 1m Commercial technologies 19
Page 210 and 211: Figure 4.36 Ejector aerator Commerc
Page 212 and 213: Denitrification Nitrification Waste
Page 214 and 215: modules, with pore sizes ranging fr
Page 216 and 217: (a) (b) Figure 4.46 (a) Han-S Envir
Page 218 and 219: aerobic counterpart. This may be pa
Page 220 and 221: of the particularly large-diameter
Page 222 and 223: (c) air channelling, the risk of wh
Page 224 and 225: Case Studies With acknowledgements
Page 226 and 227: 5.1 Introduction Membrane Bioreacto
Page 230 and 231: Case studies 213 0.6 m 3 per unit.
Page 232 and 233: Case studies 215 area of 15 840 m 2
Page 234 and 235: Aeration tank 1 FBDA FBDA 32 x J200
Page 236 and 237: Case studies 219 In this UNR config
Page 238 and 239: Table 5.6 Design criteria, Running
Page 240 and 241: Works inlet Inlet works Storm tank
Page 242 and 243: Case studies 225 to be treated to a
Page 244 and 245: Case studies 227 membranes, assembl
Page 246 and 247: Figure 5.16 A Naston package plant
Page 248 and 249: Air Influent DN N M Figure 5.18 The
Page 250 and 251: Table 5.9 Toray membrane-based MBR
Page 252 and 253: Figure 5.23 Aeration tank and cover
Page 254 and 255: Figure 5.24 The original plant at B
Page 256 and 257: Main permeate header Permeate pump
Page 258 and 259: Case studies 241 flow. Sludge waste
Page 260 and 261: Table 5.15 Water quality data, Unif
Page 262 and 263: TMP (Kpa) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 264 and 265: 10 LMH; the plant operated at fluxe
Page 266 and 267: Table 5.17 Feed and treated water q
Page 268 and 269: Table 5.18 Water quality, Sobelgra
Page 270 and 271: Figure 5.37 Airlift municipal WWTP,
Page 272 and 273: Case studies 255 has been 20 g/L, b
Page 274 and 275: Case studies 257 The company had in
Page 276 and 277: Filtrate (ml) 25 20 15 10 5 IIndust
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Inflow Buffer tank Filtration Denit
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Figure 5.45 The VHP MBR (a) (b) Cas
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Figure 5.47 The Eden Project MBR Ba
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Table 5.25 Basis for process design
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5.4.7 Other Orelis plant Case studi
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two membrane module configurations.
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Appendix A Blower Power Consumption
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or or (A.4) where � is the ratio
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Appendix B MBR Biotreatment Base Pa
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Y 0.61 g VSS/g COD Fan et al. (1996
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Appendix C Hollow Fibre Module Para
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L being the internal module length
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Appendix D Membrane Products
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Table D.3 Membrane module details o
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Table D.4 (continued) Supplier Asah
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Table D.5 Membrane module details o
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Appendix E Major Recent MBR and Was
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Conference title meet Dates Locatio
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Event Last held Location Website Fo
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Appendix F Selected Professional an
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Japan Water Works Association (JWWA
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Nomenclature � Separation (m) �
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Nomenclature 305 Rsup Hydraulic res
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Abbreviations The following lists k
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PES Polyethylsulphone PP Polypropyl
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Glossary of Terms A number of key t
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Floc Aggregated solid (biomass) par
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Glossary of terms 315 Relaxation Ce
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Index A � factor 47, 49-50 and vi
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investment 9 for membrane replaceme
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I Iberia 2 immersed biomass-rejecti
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Nordkanal wastewater treatment work
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SUR unit 180 surface porosity 30 Su
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The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

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