The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

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Y 0.61 g VSS/g COD Fan et al. (1996) MBR Municipal wastewater, 30°C, 411–72 COD: 26–53 NH 4-N, 20 days SRT Y 0.28–0.37 g VSS/g COD Huang et al. (2001) MBR Domestic wastewater (�250:20:170 COD:NH 3-N:SS), SRT 5–40 days Y 0.288 g VSS/g COD Liu et al. (2005) MBR Synthetic wastewater (220–512 mg/L COD, 36–72 mg/L NH 4-N), infinite SRT Y 0.40–0.45 g VSS/g BOD Lübbecke et al. (1995) MBR Synthetic wastewater (8500–17 600 mg/L COD, 36–72 mg/L NH 4-N), SRT 1.5–8 days Y 0.56 g VSS/g COD Wen et al. (1999) MBR 30°C, urban wastewater (�500 COD), SRT 5–30 days Y 0.25–0.40 g VSS/g COD Xing et al. (2003) MBR Variable (30–2234 mg/L COD) municipal wastewater, SRT 5–30 days Y 0.58 g VSS/g COD Yilditz et al. (2005) MBR Synthetic wastewater, 26°C, 1090 COD, SRT 0.3 day Y n 0.34 g TSS/g N Dinçer and Kargi (2000) ASP with Synthetic wastewater (100:100 COD:NH 4-N) denitrification Y n 0.16 g VSS/g N Harremoës and Sinkjaer ASP with Municipal wastewater, 7.5°C, 397–256 COD: 40–35 TKN, (1995) denitrification 18–21 days SRT Y obs 0.31–0.36 g VSS/g COD Tao et al. (2005) 3 MBR plants SRT 14–28 days, settled sewage, 265 COD in parallel Y obs 0.11 g VSS/g COD Liu et al. (2005) MBR Synthetic wastewater (220–512 mg/L COD, 36–72 mg/L NH 4-N), infinite SRT Y obs 0.16–0.38 g VSS/g COD Wen et al. (1999) MBR 30°C, urban wastewater (�500 COD), SRT 5–30 days � max 3–13.2 per day Metcalf and Eddy (2003) 6 typical � max 0.125 per day Yenkie (1992) High-rate CAS 22°C, synthetic wastewater (1090:872 COD:BOD), SRT 0.3 day � max 3.24 per day Yilditz et al. (2005) MBR Synthetic wastewater, 26°C, 1090 COD, SRT 0.3 day � max/K s 0.001–0.01 per day Wen et al. (1999) MBR Lower than ASP. 30°C, urban wastewater (�500 COD), SRT 5–30 days � n,max 0.1–0.2 per day Fan et al. (1996) MBR Municipal wastewater, 30°C, 411–72 COD: 26–53 NH 4-N, 20 days SRT � n,max 0.2–0.9 per day Metcalf and Eddy (2003) 0.75 typical � n,max 2.02 per day Wyffels et al. (2003) MBR with 30°C, �sludge digester supernatant 605:931 COD:TAN low DO (total ammonium nitrogen), SRT �650 days Appendix B: MBR biotreatment base parameter values 279
280 The MBR Book References Dinçer, A. and Kargi, F. (2000) Kinetics of sequential nitrification and denitrification processes. Enzyme Microb. Tech., 27, 37–42. Fan, X-J., Urbain, V., Qian, Y. and Manem, J. (1996) Nitrification and mass balance with a membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Water Sci. Technol., 34(1–2), 129–136. Gröeneweg, J., Sellner, B. and Tappe, W. (1994) Ammonia oxidation in Nitrosomonas at NH 3 concentrations near Km: effects of pH and temperature. Water Res., 28(12), 2561–2566. Harremoës, P. and Sinkjaer, O. (1995) Kinetic interpretation of nitrogen removal in pilot scale experiments. Water Res., 29(3), 899–905. Huang, X., Gui, P. and Qian, Y. (2001) Effect of sludge retention time on microbial behaviour in a submerged membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem., 36, 1001–1006. Lübbecke, S., Vogelpohl, A. and Dewjanin W. (1995) Wastewater treatment in a biological high performance system with high biomass concentration. Water Res., 29(3), 793–802. Liu, R., Huang, X., Jinying, X. and Quan, Y. (2005) Microbial behaviour in a membrane bioreactor with complete sludge retention. Process Biochem., 40, 3165–3170. Manser, R., Gujer, W. and Hansruedi, S. (2005) Consequences of mass transfer effects on the kinetics of nitrifiers. Water Res., 39, 4633–4642. Metcalf and Eddy (2003) Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse (3rd edn.). McGraw-Hill, New York. Tao, G., Kekre, K., Wei, Z., Lee, T.-C., Viswanath, B. and Seah, H. (2005) Membrane bioreactors for water reclamation. Water Sci. Technol., 51(6–7), 431–440. Wen, X.-H., Xing, C.-H. and Qian, Y. (1999) A kinetic model for the prediction of sludge formation in a membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem., 35, 249–254. Wyffels, S., Van Hulle, S., Boeckx, P., Volcke, E., Van Cleemput, O., Vanrolleghem, P. and Verstraete, W. (2003) Modelling and simulation of oxygen-limited partial nitritation in a membrane assisted bioreactor (MBR). Biotechnol. Bioeng., 86(5), 531–542. Xing, C.-H., Wu, W.-Z., Qian, Y. and Tardieu, E. (2003) Excess sludge production in membrane bioreactors: a theoretical investigation. J. Environ. Eng., 129(4), 291–297. Yenkie, M., Gerssen, S. and Vogelphol, A. (1992) Biokinetics of wastewater treatment in the high performance compact reactor (HCR). Chem. Eng. J., 49, B1–B12. Yilditz, E., Keskinler, B., Pekdemir, T., Akay, G. and Nuhoglu, A. (2005) High strength wastewater in a jet loop membrane bioreactor: kinetics and performance evaluation. Chem. Eng. Sci., 60, 1103–1116.
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The MBR Book
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The MBR Book: Principles and Applic
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Contents Preface ix Contributors xi
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Contents vii 4.2.5 The Industrial T
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Preface What’s In and What’s No
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Term Meaning Common units MLD Megal
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Contributors A number of individual
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Contributor(s) Association/Organisa
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Introduction With acknowledgements
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such as the filtration market, tech
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D R IVE R S R EST R AI N TS Bathing
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Introduction 7 Much of the legislat
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of non-point source pollution contr
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exploitation index (WEI), the value
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1 500 000 1 250 000 1 000 000 750 0
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Alternative immersed FS and HF memb
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1.6 Conclusions Whilst the most sig
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Introduction 19 USEPA (2006b) www.e
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Fundamentals With acknowledgements
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they can be put, which then provide
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3µm (a) (b) membrane is chemically
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Table 2.2 Membrane configurations C
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2.1.4 Membrane process operation 2.
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only pseudo-steady-state (or stabil
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P max P dP/dt backwash cycle t b Ba
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Fundamentals 35 2.1.4.6 Critical fl
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neo-exponential increase at fluxes
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Screened raw sewage biologically ar
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Table 2.4 Microbial metabolism type
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which affords the operator complete
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Cumulative %ile undersize 1 0.8 0.6
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occurs from the surrounding air to
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(Madoni et al., 1993). The inter-re
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Viscosity (mPa s) 100 10 1 Viscosit
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on discharged P levels have been im
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Membrane process mode Diffusion Ext
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energy demand in kWh/m 3 permeate p
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Table 2.5 System facets of denitrif
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Fundamentals 61 Moreover, the poten
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iomass. There are also issues with
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Table 2.6 Effect of pore size on MB
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Fundamentals 67 fouling to be influ
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Fundamentals 69 fouling (i.e. membr
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2.3.6 Feed and biomass characterist
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Fouling relative distribution (%) 1
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has been proposed by Cho and co-wor
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Fundamentals 77 in the influent. Ab
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MLSS sample Centrifugation 5 min 50
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Table 2.11 Concentration of SMP com
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Fundamentals 83 correlation of MBR
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(Cui et al., 2003) by inducing liqu
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Fundamentals 87 air cannot be used
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Table 2.12 Dynamic effects Determin
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Fundamentals 91 Table 2.13 Sub-crit
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Fundamentals 93 sludge (Cho and Fan
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Fundamentals 95 2.3.9.2 Employing a
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Fundamentals 97 Whilst ultrasonic c
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and immersed hybrid PAC-MBR (Kim an
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Lastly, the vast majority of all st
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Fundamentals 103 Brookes, A., Judd,
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Fundamentals 105 Côté, P., Buisso
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Fundamentals 107 Fuchs, W., Schatzm
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Fundamentals 109 Howell, J.A., Chua
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Fundamentals 111 Krauth, K. and Sta
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Fundamentals 113 Liu, R., Huang, X.
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Fundamentals 115 Nielson, P.H. and
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Fundamentals 117 Sato, T. and Ishii
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Fundamentals 119 Van Lier, J.B. (19
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Fundamentals 121 Zhang, Y., Bu, D.,
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Design With acknowledgements to: Ch
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Other contributions to pumping ener
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where J c is the cleaning flux. Fro
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Table 3.1 Main features of aeration
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Table 3.2 Biological operating para
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Table 3.3 Physical operating parame
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Table 3.4 Comparative pilot plant t
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Table 3.7 O&M data Design 137 Kubot
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Table 3.8 Feedwater quality, PLWTP
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Table 3.11 Cleaning protocols for t
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Figure 3.1 The planned location of
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Table 3.14 O&M data, Pietramurata W
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Design 147 Table 3.17 Design inform
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Maintenance CIP was conducted throu
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Permeability, LMH/bar 800 700 600 5
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Table 3.22 Summary of pilot plant p
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Table 3.25 Feedwater specification
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Table 3.34 Aeration design Paramete
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In short, the design calculation de
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complications arise when estimating
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Chapter 4 Commercial Technologies W
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4.1 Introduction Available and deve
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Commercial technologies 167 suction
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synonymous with R V Equation (3.13)
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(a) (b) Figure 4.8 The Huber VRM ®
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and is very robust. However, the la
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Commercial technologies 175 (a) (b)
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(a) (b) (c) Commercial technologies
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Other equipment 1.11% Process air b
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Thus far, almost all of the install
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Figure 4.22 A rack of Memcor B10R m
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Tensile elongation retention (%) 10
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Figure 4.28 Pilot plant at Mooka Co
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at 10 000-12 000 mg/L. The membrane
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4m 4m 1m Commercial technologies 19
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Figure 4.36 Ejector aerator Commerc
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Denitrification Nitrification Waste
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modules, with pore sizes ranging fr
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(a) (b) Figure 4.46 (a) Han-S Envir
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aerobic counterpart. This may be pa
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of the particularly large-diameter
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(c) air channelling, the risk of wh
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Case Studies With acknowledgements
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5.1 Introduction Membrane Bioreacto
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Case studies 211 Table 5.1 Comparis
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Case studies 213 0.6 m 3 per unit.
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Case studies 215 area of 15 840 m 2
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Aeration tank 1 FBDA FBDA 32 x J200
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Case studies 219 In this UNR config
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Table 5.6 Design criteria, Running
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Works inlet Inlet works Storm tank
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Case studies 225 to be treated to a
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Case studies 227 membranes, assembl
Page 246 and 247: Figure 5.16 A Naston package plant
Page 248 and 249: Air Influent DN N M Figure 5.18 The
Page 250 and 251: Table 5.9 Toray membrane-based MBR
Page 252 and 253: Figure 5.23 Aeration tank and cover
Page 254 and 255: Figure 5.24 The original plant at B
Page 256 and 257: Main permeate header Permeate pump
Page 258 and 259: Case studies 241 flow. Sludge waste
Page 260 and 261: Table 5.15 Water quality data, Unif
Page 262 and 263: TMP (Kpa) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 264 and 265: 10 LMH; the plant operated at fluxe
Page 266 and 267: Table 5.17 Feed and treated water q
Page 268 and 269: Table 5.18 Water quality, Sobelgra
Page 270 and 271: Figure 5.37 Airlift municipal WWTP,
Page 272 and 273: Case studies 255 has been 20 g/L, b
Page 274 and 275: Case studies 257 The company had in
Page 276 and 277: Filtrate (ml) 25 20 15 10 5 IIndust
Page 278 and 279: Inflow Buffer tank Filtration Denit
Page 280 and 281: Figure 5.45 The VHP MBR (a) (b) Cas
Page 282 and 283: Figure 5.47 The Eden Project MBR Ba
Page 284 and 285: Table 5.25 Basis for process design
Page 286 and 287: 5.4.7 Other Orelis plant Case studi
Page 288 and 289: two membrane module configurations.
Page 290 and 291: Appendix A Blower Power Consumption
Page 292 and 293: or or (A.4) where � is the ratio
Page 294 and 295: Appendix B MBR Biotreatment Base Pa
Page 298 and 299: Appendix C Hollow Fibre Module Para
Page 300 and 301: L being the internal module length
Page 302 and 303: Appendix D Membrane Products
Page 304 and 305: Table D.3 Membrane module details o
Page 306 and 307: Table D.4 (continued) Supplier Asah
Page 308 and 309: Table D.5 Membrane module details o
Page 310 and 311: Appendix E Major Recent MBR and Was
Page 312 and 313: Conference title meet Dates Locatio
Page 314 and 315: Event Last held Location Website Fo
Page 316 and 317: Appendix F Selected Professional an
Page 318 and 319: Japan Water Works Association (JWWA
Page 320 and 321: Nomenclature � Separation (m) �
Page 322 and 323: Nomenclature 305 Rsup Hydraulic res
Page 324 and 325: Abbreviations The following lists k
Page 326 and 327: PES Polyethylsulphone PP Polypropyl
Page 328 and 329: Glossary of Terms A number of key t
Page 330 and 331: Floc Aggregated solid (biomass) par
Page 332 and 333: Glossary of terms 315 Relaxation Ce
Page 334 and 335: Index A � factor 47, 49-50 and vi
Page 336 and 337: investment 9 for membrane replaceme
Page 338 and 339: I Iberia 2 immersed biomass-rejecti
Page 340 and 341: Nordkanal wastewater treatment work
Page 342: SUR unit 180 surface porosity 30 Su
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