The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane

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Table 5.17 Feed and treated water quality, Park Place Parameter Feed Effluent BOD (mg/L) 250 �5 TSS (mg/L) 220 �5 NH 4 � -N (mg/L) 30 �1 TKN (mg/L) 45 �10 (TN) Loading rate (kg COD/m 3 /day) 0.84 Sludge production (kg VSS/kg BOD) removed 0.45 F:M ratio 0.058 SAD p of 11.3 m 3 air per m 3 . Aeration power demand is estimated at 6.4 kW for membrane aeration (i.e. 0.25 kWh/m 3 ), 15.4 kW for biological treatment and 5.6 kW for pumping; total power demand is �29 kW (1.1 kWh/m 3 ), about half of which is accounted for by the membrane aeration and permeation. A hypochlorite CIP is conducted by transferring the mixed liquor to bioreactor tanks, filling the membrane tank with the hypochlorite, soaking and recirculating the chemical via the aerator, and discharging the chemical to sewer prior to refilling the membrane tank ready for operation. 5.3.3.2 Other MemJet® plants Other MemJet ® plants have recently (2004) been installed at Calls Creek, GA (2.5 MLD) and Hawks Prairie (7.6 MLD, increasing to 18.9 MLD in the future). The Calls Creek plant is a retrofit to an existing activated sludge plant (the Orbal ® system), and the Hawks Prairie plant is a new-build water reclamation plant for irrigation instigated by the Lacey, Olympia, Tumwater and Thurston County (LOTT) Wastewater Management Partnership as part of their Wastewater Resource Management Plan. 5.3.4 Koch Membrane Systems – PURON® Case studies 249 5.3.4.1 Simmerath (Germany) The municipal MBR at Simmerath (Germany) was commissioned in March 2003. It is designed for a population equivalent of 750, and a mean flow equating to a mean flow of 0.63 MLD and is operated as a bypass to the existing WWTP. It is fitted with two modules providing a total membrane area of 1000 m 2 . The situation at Simmerath is representative of many municipal WWTPs sited in the North Eifel region where the effluent is often discharged to surface waters that are subsequently used as a source for drinking water production. Low wastewater temperatures and high amounts of infiltration water represent an additional challenge for the technology. The MBR (Fig. 5.35) is fed with the WWTP wastewater following screening to 3 mm. The membrane plant has its own aeration tank with a denitrification step followed by nitrification. The activated sludge is pumped from the aeration tank into the membrane tanks and then overflows back to the aeration tank. The MLSS is maintained at 10–12 g/L in the aeration tanks and 14–16 g/L in the membrane tanks. The intermittent air scouring of the PURON ® module is conducted in repeated cycles of about 300 s combined with the filtration interval. To support the flushing of the module, there is an additional backflush supplied after each filtration interval. The aeration
250 The MBR Book Figure 5.35 MBR demonstration plant at Simmerath showing baffled bioreactor and building housing the membrane tank frequency varies between 25% and 50% of the filtration time, depending on the flux level of operation. The specific air consumption for the module aeration has been between 0.15 and 0.35 Nm 3 /m 2 h. Even during winter time, flow rates have been maintained at a high and stable level (between 20 and 30 LMH, and 120–200 LMH/bar). Maintenance CIP is applied every 2–4 weeks using 500 mg/L of sodium hypochlorite adjusted to pH 12, followed by citric acid at pH 3. The CIP takes around 2 h. Since commissioning, the MBR effluent has always met the stringent requirements of the European Bathing Water Directive. The PURON ® system has thus far been free from clogging and sludging problems, despite the relatively coarse screening (3 mm slot screens) being employed compared with that normally used for HF modules. 5.3.4.2 Sobelgra The largest industrial MBR plant in Belgium (as of 2005) was commissioned in November 2004 and is equipped with 16 PURON ® modules. The site at Sobelgra is located in Antwerp harbour. The MBR plant has a capacity of 2 MLD and treats effluent from a malting operation, where barley is converted to malt for beer by a natural enzymic process. Malting effluent is particularly challenging, being very high in organic content and with a relatively low BOD/COD ratio (Table 5.18). The MBR plant was selected as a result of the plant capacity being extended from 110 to 250 ktonne per annum, making it the largest independent malting company in
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The MBR Book
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The MBR Book: Principles and Applic
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Contents Preface ix Contributors xi
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Contents vii 4.2.5 The Industrial T
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Preface What’s In and What’s No
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Term Meaning Common units MLD Megal
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Contributors A number of individual
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Contributor(s) Association/Organisa
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Introduction With acknowledgements
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such as the filtration market, tech
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D R IVE R S R EST R AI N TS Bathing
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Introduction 7 Much of the legislat
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of non-point source pollution contr
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exploitation index (WEI), the value
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1 500 000 1 250 000 1 000 000 750 0
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Alternative immersed FS and HF memb
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1.6 Conclusions Whilst the most sig
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Introduction 19 USEPA (2006b) www.e
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Fundamentals With acknowledgements
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they can be put, which then provide
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3µm (a) (b) membrane is chemically
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Table 2.2 Membrane configurations C
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2.1.4 Membrane process operation 2.
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only pseudo-steady-state (or stabil
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P max P dP/dt backwash cycle t b Ba
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Fundamentals 35 2.1.4.6 Critical fl
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neo-exponential increase at fluxes
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Screened raw sewage biologically ar
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Table 2.4 Microbial metabolism type
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which affords the operator complete
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Cumulative %ile undersize 1 0.8 0.6
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occurs from the surrounding air to
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(Madoni et al., 1993). The inter-re
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Viscosity (mPa s) 100 10 1 Viscosit
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on discharged P levels have been im
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Membrane process mode Diffusion Ext
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energy demand in kWh/m 3 permeate p
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Table 2.5 System facets of denitrif
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Fundamentals 61 Moreover, the poten
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iomass. There are also issues with
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Table 2.6 Effect of pore size on MB
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Fundamentals 67 fouling to be influ
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Fundamentals 69 fouling (i.e. membr
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2.3.6 Feed and biomass characterist
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Fouling relative distribution (%) 1
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has been proposed by Cho and co-wor
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Fundamentals 77 in the influent. Ab
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MLSS sample Centrifugation 5 min 50
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Table 2.11 Concentration of SMP com
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Fundamentals 83 correlation of MBR
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(Cui et al., 2003) by inducing liqu
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Fundamentals 87 air cannot be used
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Table 2.12 Dynamic effects Determin
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Fundamentals 91 Table 2.13 Sub-crit
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Fundamentals 93 sludge (Cho and Fan
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Fundamentals 95 2.3.9.2 Employing a
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Fundamentals 97 Whilst ultrasonic c
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and immersed hybrid PAC-MBR (Kim an
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Lastly, the vast majority of all st
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Fundamentals 103 Brookes, A., Judd,
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Fundamentals 105 Côté, P., Buisso
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Fundamentals 107 Fuchs, W., Schatzm
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Fundamentals 109 Howell, J.A., Chua
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Fundamentals 111 Krauth, K. and Sta
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Fundamentals 113 Liu, R., Huang, X.
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Fundamentals 115 Nielson, P.H. and
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Fundamentals 117 Sato, T. and Ishii
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Fundamentals 119 Van Lier, J.B. (19
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Fundamentals 121 Zhang, Y., Bu, D.,
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Design With acknowledgements to: Ch
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Other contributions to pumping ener
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where J c is the cleaning flux. Fro
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Table 3.1 Main features of aeration
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Table 3.2 Biological operating para
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Table 3.3 Physical operating parame
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Table 3.4 Comparative pilot plant t
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Table 3.7 O&M data Design 137 Kubot
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Table 3.8 Feedwater quality, PLWTP
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Table 3.11 Cleaning protocols for t
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Figure 3.1 The planned location of
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Table 3.14 O&M data, Pietramurata W
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Design 147 Table 3.17 Design inform
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Maintenance CIP was conducted throu
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Permeability, LMH/bar 800 700 600 5
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Table 3.22 Summary of pilot plant p
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Table 3.25 Feedwater specification
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Table 3.34 Aeration design Paramete
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In short, the design calculation de
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complications arise when estimating
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Chapter 4 Commercial Technologies W
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4.1 Introduction Available and deve
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Commercial technologies 167 suction
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synonymous with R V Equation (3.13)
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(a) (b) Figure 4.8 The Huber VRM ®
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and is very robust. However, the la
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Commercial technologies 175 (a) (b)
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(a) (b) (c) Commercial technologies
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Other equipment 1.11% Process air b
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Thus far, almost all of the install
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Figure 4.22 A rack of Memcor B10R m
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Tensile elongation retention (%) 10
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Figure 4.28 Pilot plant at Mooka Co
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at 10 000-12 000 mg/L. The membrane
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4m 4m 1m Commercial technologies 19
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Figure 4.36 Ejector aerator Commerc
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Denitrification Nitrification Waste
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modules, with pore sizes ranging fr
Page 216 and 217: (a) (b) Figure 4.46 (a) Han-S Envir
Page 218 and 219: aerobic counterpart. This may be pa
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Page 222 and 223: (c) air channelling, the risk of wh
Page 224 and 225: Case Studies With acknowledgements
Page 226 and 227: 5.1 Introduction Membrane Bioreacto
Page 228 and 229: Case studies 211 Table 5.1 Comparis
Page 230 and 231: Case studies 213 0.6 m 3 per unit.
Page 232 and 233: Case studies 215 area of 15 840 m 2
Page 234 and 235: Aeration tank 1 FBDA FBDA 32 x J200
Page 236 and 237: Case studies 219 In this UNR config
Page 238 and 239: Table 5.6 Design criteria, Running
Page 240 and 241: Works inlet Inlet works Storm tank
Page 242 and 243: Case studies 225 to be treated to a
Page 244 and 245: Case studies 227 membranes, assembl
Page 246 and 247: Figure 5.16 A Naston package plant
Page 248 and 249: Air Influent DN N M Figure 5.18 The
Page 250 and 251: Table 5.9 Toray membrane-based MBR
Page 252 and 253: Figure 5.23 Aeration tank and cover
Page 254 and 255: Figure 5.24 The original plant at B
Page 256 and 257: Main permeate header Permeate pump
Page 258 and 259: Case studies 241 flow. Sludge waste
Page 260 and 261: Table 5.15 Water quality data, Unif
Page 262 and 263: TMP (Kpa) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 264 and 265: 10 LMH; the plant operated at fluxe
Page 268 and 269: Table 5.18 Water quality, Sobelgra
Page 270 and 271: Figure 5.37 Airlift municipal WWTP,
Page 272 and 273: Case studies 255 has been 20 g/L, b
Page 274 and 275: Case studies 257 The company had in
Page 276 and 277: Filtrate (ml) 25 20 15 10 5 IIndust
Page 278 and 279: Inflow Buffer tank Filtration Denit
Page 280 and 281: Figure 5.45 The VHP MBR (a) (b) Cas
Page 282 and 283: Figure 5.47 The Eden Project MBR Ba
Page 284 and 285: Table 5.25 Basis for process design
Page 286 and 287: 5.4.7 Other Orelis plant Case studi
Page 288 and 289: two membrane module configurations.
Page 290 and 291: Appendix A Blower Power Consumption
Page 292 and 293: or or (A.4) where � is the ratio
Page 294 and 295: Appendix B MBR Biotreatment Base Pa
Page 296 and 297: Y 0.61 g VSS/g COD Fan et al. (1996
Page 298 and 299: Appendix C Hollow Fibre Module Para
Page 300 and 301: L being the internal module length
Page 302 and 303: Appendix D Membrane Products
Page 304 and 305: Table D.3 Membrane module details o
Page 306 and 307: Table D.4 (continued) Supplier Asah
Page 308 and 309: Table D.5 Membrane module details o
Page 310 and 311: Appendix E Major Recent MBR and Was
Page 312 and 313: Conference title meet Dates Locatio
Page 314 and 315: Event Last held Location Website Fo
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Appendix F Selected Professional an
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Japan Water Works Association (JWWA
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Nomenclature � Separation (m) �
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Nomenclature 305 Rsup Hydraulic res
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Abbreviations The following lists k
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PES Polyethylsulphone PP Polypropyl
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Glossary of Terms A number of key t
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Floc Aggregated solid (biomass) par
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Glossary of terms 315 Relaxation Ce
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Index A � factor 47, 49-50 and vi
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investment 9 for membrane replaceme
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I Iberia 2 immersed biomass-rejecti
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Nordkanal wastewater treatment work
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SUR unit 180 surface porosity 30 Su
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