The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane
The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane
The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane
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322 <strong>The</strong> <strong>MBR</strong> <strong>Book</strong><br />
<strong>MBR</strong> technologies (continued)<br />
denitrification 58–63<br />
diffusive membrane process mode 57–58<br />
extractive membrane process mode 57–58<br />
feed <strong>and</strong> biomass characteristics 71–84<br />
fouling control 94–99<br />
fouling mechanism 90–94<br />
historical perspective 11–16<br />
membrane characteristics 64–70<br />
operation 84–90<br />
pilot trials <strong>of</strong> 135<br />
SAD data 150<br />
unsteady-state operation 88–90<br />
<strong>MBR</strong> technology implementation<br />
barriers 3–4<br />
drivers 4–11<br />
membrane 22–23<br />
calculation 156<br />
characteristics 64–70<br />
chemical parameters 69–70<br />
materials 24–26<br />
operating data 155<br />
operation 156<br />
panel 166–167, 168<br />
physical parameters 65–69<br />
process operation 29–37<br />
separation process 22–24<br />
technology 22<br />
membrane aeration 128<br />
aerobic system 84–86<br />
anaerobic system 83–84, 86–88<br />
anoxic system 86–88<br />
failure 160<br />
membrane aeration bioreactor (MABR) 58, 61<br />
see also diffusive <strong>MBR</strong><br />
membrane cleaning 252<br />
design parameter 126<br />
membrane configuration 26–28, 67–68<br />
capillary tube (CT) 26, 27<br />
hollow fibre (HF) 26, 27<br />
multitube (MT) 26, 27<br />
plat-<strong>and</strong>-frame/flat sheet (FS) 26, 27<br />
pleated filter cartridge (FC) 26, 27<br />
spiral wound (SW) 26, 27<br />
membrane extraction (ME) 23<br />
membrane life 4<br />
membrane maintenance 125–127<br />
chemical membrane cleaning 125, 126–127<br />
membrane replacement cost 125<br />
physical membrane cleaning 125–126<br />
membrane performance enhancer (MBE)<br />
95, 99<br />
membrane permeability<br />
aeration reduction 86<br />
anaerobic systems 83<br />
chemical cleaning 33, 96<br />
HF <strong>and</strong> FS systems 86<br />
soluble microbial products (SMP) 81<br />
membrane product 199–205<br />
categories 201<br />
specifications 202<br />
membrane resistance 29–30<br />
membrane sewage treatment (MST) process 12<br />
Memcor 138, 144, 181–183, 210, 247–249<br />
Park Place 247–249<br />
performance 211<br />
Memcor MemJet ® <strong>MBR</strong> system 181<br />
MemJet ® module 182<br />
MemJet ® plants 249<br />
MemJet ® Xpress 182<br />
microbiology 39–42<br />
Microdyn-Nadir 199, 200<br />
micr<strong>of</strong>iltration (MF) 22, 23, 165<br />
microorganisms 37<br />
classification 41<br />
Microthrix 77<br />
Microza 184, 186, 187<br />
Millenniumpore 195–197<br />
Eden project 264–266<br />
Mitsubishi Rayon 135, 148, 179–181,<br />
245–247<br />
early Japanese installations 245–246<br />
US installations 246–247<br />
Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering (MRE) 179<br />
Mitsubishi Rayon technology 246<br />
mixed cellulose esters (MCE) 67<br />
mixed liquor modification 98–99<br />
adsorbent agents 98–99<br />
coagulant/flocculant 98<br />
mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) 43,<br />
44–45, 129, 267<br />
MLSS concentration 50, 63<br />
<strong>and</strong> fouling propensity 73–75<br />
molecular weight (MW) 66<br />
molecular weight cut-<strong>of</strong>f (MWCO) 23<br />
Monod kinetics 42<br />
Motimo <strong>MBR</strong> membranes 199<br />
Moustic 175<br />
multitube (MT) 28, 86<br />
membrane module 190<br />
municipal effluent 141, 194, 247<br />
municipal wastewater treatment data 228<br />
N<br />
nan<strong>of</strong>iltration (NF) 22, 23, 194<br />
Naston package plant 229<br />
natural organic matter (NOM) 77–78<br />
nematode worms 39<br />
Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>The</strong> 8, 135<br />
NEWater 141<br />
Nproject 244<br />
nitrate 52, 62<br />
Nitrates Directive 6<br />
nitrification 41, 52, 257<br />
kinetics 46<br />
nitrifying bacteria 41<br />
nitrite-oxidising bacteria 41<br />
Nitrobacter 41<br />
Nitrosomonas 41<br />
Nitrosospira 41<br />
Nitrospira 41<br />
Nocardia 40, 77<br />
NOM see natural organic matter<br />
Non-woven fabric <strong>MBR</strong> 171–173, 228