Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA
Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA
Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA
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nTp brief <strong>on</strong> bisphenol a<br />
WhaT is bisphenol a?<br />
Bisphenol.A.(BPA).is.a.chemical.produced.in.<br />
large.quantities.for.use.primarily.in.<strong>the</strong>.producti<strong>on</strong>.of.polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastics.<strong>and</strong>.epoxy.resins.<br />
(Figure.1)..<br />
Figure 1.<br />
Chemical structure of Bisphenol A<br />
(C 15H 16O 2; molecular weight 228.29)<br />
HO<br />
CH3<br />
CH3<br />
OH<br />
It.exists.at.room.temperature.as.a.white.solid.<br />
<strong>and</strong>. has. a. mild. “phenolic”. or. hospital. odor..<br />
Polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastics.have.many.applicati<strong>on</strong>s.<br />
including.use.in.certain.food.<strong>and</strong>.drink.packaging,.e.g.,.water.<strong>and</strong>.infant.bottles,.compact.<br />
discs,.impact-resistant.safety.equipment,.<strong>and</strong>.<br />
medical.devices..Polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastics.are.typically.clear.<strong>and</strong>.hard.<strong>and</strong>.marked.with.<strong>the</strong>.recycle.<br />
symbol.“7”.or.may.c<strong>on</strong>tain.<strong>the</strong>.letters.“PC”.near.<br />
<strong>the</strong>.recycle.symbol..Polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastic.can.<br />
also.be.blended.with.o<strong>the</strong>r.materials.to.create.<br />
molded.parts.for.use.in.mobile.ph<strong>on</strong>e.housings,.<br />
household.items,.<strong>and</strong>.automobiles..Epoxy.resins.<br />
are.used.as.lacquers.to.coat.metal.products.such.<br />
as.food.cans,.bottle.tops,.<strong>and</strong>.water.supply.pipes..<br />
Some.polymers.used.in.dental.sealants.or.composites.c<strong>on</strong>tain.bisphenol.A-derived.materials..<br />
In.2004,.<strong>the</strong>.estimated.producti<strong>on</strong>.of.bisphenol.<br />
A.in.<strong>the</strong>.United.States.was.approximately.2.3.<br />
billi<strong>on</strong>.pounds,.most.of.which.was.used.in.polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastics.<strong>and</strong>.resins..<br />
CERHR. selected. bisphenol.A. for. evaluati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
because.it.has.received.c<strong>on</strong>siderable.attenti<strong>on</strong>.in.<br />
recent.years.due.to.widespread.human.exposures.<br />
<strong>and</strong>.c<strong>on</strong>cern.for.reproductive.<strong>and</strong>.developmental.<br />
effects.reported.in.laboratory.animal.studies..<br />
Bisphenol.A.is.most.comm<strong>on</strong>ly.described.as.<br />
1<br />
being.“weakly”.estrogenic;.however,.an.emerging.body.of.molecular.<strong>and</strong>.cellular.studies.indicate.<strong>the</strong>.potential.for.a.number.of.additi<strong>on</strong>al.biological.activities..These.range.from.interacti<strong>on</strong>s.with.cellular.receptors.that.have.unknown.<br />
biological.functi<strong>on</strong>.to.dem<strong>on</strong>strated.effects.<strong>on</strong>.<br />
receptor.signaling.systems.known.to.be.involved.<br />
in.development.<br />
The.NTP.Brief.<strong>on</strong>.Bisphenol.A.is.intended.to.be.<br />
an.envir<strong>on</strong>mental.health.resource.for.<strong>the</strong>.public.<br />
<strong>and</strong>.regulatory.<strong>and</strong>.health.agencies..It.is.not.a.<br />
quantitative.risk.assessment.nor.is.it.intended.to.<br />
supersede.risk.assessments.c<strong>on</strong>ducted.by.regulatory.agencies..The.NTP.Brief.<strong>on</strong>.Bisphenol.A.<br />
does.not.present.a.comprehensive.review.of.<strong>the</strong>.<br />
health-related.literature.or.c<strong>on</strong>troversies.related.<br />
to.this.chemical..Only.key.issues.<strong>and</strong>.study.findings.c<strong>on</strong>sidered.most.relevant.for.developing.<br />
<strong>the</strong>.NTP.c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>s.<strong>on</strong>.c<strong>on</strong>cerns.for.potential.<br />
reproductive.<strong>and</strong>.developmental.human.health.<br />
effects.of.bisphenol.A.are.discussed..Literature.<br />
cited.includes.<strong>the</strong>.most.relevant.studies.reviewed.<br />
in.<strong>the</strong>.CERHR.Expert.Panel.Report.<strong>on</strong>.Bisphenol.A.<strong>and</strong>.relevant.research.articles.published.<br />
in.<strong>the</strong>.peer-reviewed.literature.subsequent.to.<strong>the</strong>.<br />
deliberati<strong>on</strong>s.of.<strong>the</strong>.expert.panel..<br />
are people exposed To<br />
bisphenol a?<br />
Yes..Based.<strong>on</strong>.<strong>the</strong>.available.data.<strong>the</strong>.primary.<br />
source. of. exposure. to. bisphenol. A. for. most.<br />
people.is.through.<strong>the</strong>.diet..While.air,.dust,.<strong>and</strong>.<br />
water.(including.skin.c<strong>on</strong>tact.during.bathing.<br />
<strong>and</strong>.swimming).are.o<strong>the</strong>r.possible.sources.of.<br />
exposure,.bisphenol.A.in.food.<strong>and</strong>.beverages.<br />
accounts.for.<strong>the</strong>.majority.of.daily.human.exposure.[(1);.reviewed.in.(2,<br />
3)]..Bisphenol.A.can.<br />
migrate.into.food.from.food.<strong>and</strong>.beverage.c<strong>on</strong>-<br />
4 Answers.to.this.<strong>and</strong>.subsequent.questi<strong>on</strong>s.may.<br />
be:.Yes, Probably, Possibly, Probably Not, No or<br />
Unknown<br />
nTp brief
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