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Effects of maternal xenoestrogen exposure on development of the reproductive tract and mammary gland in female CD-1 mouse offspring. Reprod Toxicol 18:803–811. Nikula H, Talonpoika T, Kaleva M, Toppari J. 1999. Inhibition of hCGstimulated steroidogenesis in cultured mouse Leydig tumor cells by bisphenol A and octylphenols. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 157:166–173. NIOSH. 1979. Health Hazard Evaluation Determination. Report no. 79-7 639. Greenheck Fan Corporation, Schofield, Wisconsin. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH. 1984. Health Hazard Evaluation Report. HETA 84-023-1462. Dale Electronics, Incorporated, Yankton, South Dakota. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH. 1985. HHE Report No. HETA-85-107-1841, General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Nishihara T, Nishikawa JI, Kanayama T, Dakeyama F, Saito K, Imagawa M, Takatori S, Kitagawa Y, Hori S, Utsumi H. 2000. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. J Health Sci 46:282–298. Nishino T, Wedel T, Schmitt O, Schonfelder M, Hirtreiter C, Schulz T, Kuhnel W, Michna H. 2006. The xenoestrogen bisphenol A in the Hershberger assay: androgen receptor regulation and morphometrical reactions indicate no major effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 98:155–163. Nishizawa H, Imanishi S, Manabe N. 2005a. Effects of exposure in utero to bisphenol A on the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, related factors, and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in murine embryos. J Reprod Dev 51:593–605. Nishizawa H, Manabe N, Morita M, Sugimoto M, Imanishi S, Miyamoto H. 2003. Effects of in utero exposure to bisphenol A on expression of RARalpha and RXRalpha mRNAs in murine embryos. J Reprod Dev 49:539–545. Nishizawa H, Morita M, Sugimoto M, Imanishi S, Manabe N. 2005b. Effects of in utero exposure to bisphenol A on mRNA expression of arylhydrocarbon and retinoid receptors in murine embryos. J Reprod Dev 51:315–324. Nitschke K, Lomax L, Schuetz D, Hopkins P, Weiss S. 1988. Bisphenol A: 13-week aerosol toxicity study with Fischer 344 rats (final report) with attachments and cover letter dated 040588. EPA/OTS 8886098, 40-8886098. Dow Chemical Company. NLM. 2006. Household products database. Available at http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/. Noda S, Muroi T, Mitoma H, Takakura S, Sakamoto S, Minobe A, Yamasaki K. 2005. Reproductive toxicity study of bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and genistein in neonatally exposed rats. J Toxicol Pathol 18:203–207. NTP. 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay of bisphenol A in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study). No. 215. Research Triangle Park: National Toxicology Program. NTP. 1984. Bisphenol A: Reproduction and fertility assessment in CD-1 mice when administered via subcutaneous silastic implants. NTP-84 015. National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NTP. 1985a. Bisphenol A: reproduction and fertility assessment in CD-1 mice when administered in the feed. NTP-85-192. Research Triangle Park, NC. National Toxicology Program/National Instistute of Environmental Health Sciences. NTP. 1985b. Teratologic evaluation of bisphenol A (Cas No. 80-05-7) administered to CD-1 mice on gestational days 6 through 15. Final Study Report. NTP-85-088. National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NTP. 1985c. Teratologic evaluation of bisphenol A (Cas No. 80-05-7) administered to CD(R) rats on gestational days 6 through 15. Final study report. NCTR contract 222-80-2031(C). NTP-85-089. National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NTP. 2001. National Toxicology Program’s report of the Endocrine Disruptors Peer Review. Available at http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ htdocs/liason/LowDosePeerFinalRpt.pdf. Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Tillmann M, Markert B. 2000. Effects of endocrine disruptors on prosobranch snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the laboratory. Part I: bisphenol A and octylphenol as xenoestrogens. Ecotoxicology 9:383–397. Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U., Bachmann J., Oetken M., Lutz I., Kloas W. and Ternes TA. 2006. Bisphenol A induces superfeminization in the Ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) at environmentally-relevant concentrations. Environ Health Perspect 114 (Suppl 1):127–133. Oka T, Adati N, Shinkai T, Sakuma K, Nishimura T, Kurose K. 2003. Bisphenol A induces apoptosis in central neural cells during early development of Xenopus laevis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 312:877–882. Olea N, Pulgar R, Perez P, Olea-Serrano F, Rivas A, Novillo-Fertrell A, Pedraza V, Soto AM, Sonnenschein C. 1996. Estrogenicity of resin- Birth Defects Research (Part B) 83:157–395, 2008
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National Toxicology Program U.S. De
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NTP.will.transmit.the.NTP-CERHR.<st
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National Toxicology Program U.S. De
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nTp brief tainers.with.internal.epo
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Population Adult General. Populatio
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Table 3. Blood and Breast Milk Biom
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Figure 2b. The weight of evidence t
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in.considering.the.biological.plaus
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isphenol.A.as.efficiently.as.adult.
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isphenol.A..For.example,.this.raise
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laboRaToRy aNImal STudIeS In.contra
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of.normal.sex-based.differences.bet
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death.(168),.synaptic.plasticity.(1
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gland.carcinogen.or.that.bisphenol.
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understand.the.possible.long-term.c
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strategies.to.improve.the.sensitivi
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and.cystic.endometrial.hyperplasia.
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cutaneous. injection. 20 . vom. Saa
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are CurrenT exposures To bisphenol
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w/day;.95th.percentiles.0.289.-.0.2
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nTp ConClusions The.NTP.reached.the
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appendix a: inTerpreTaTion of blood
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µg/kg.bw/day.based.on.the.assumpti
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concentrations.from.maternal,.fetal
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In..Research.Triangle.Park,.NC:.RTI
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65.. Alonso-Magdalena. P,. Laribi.
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Thyroid.Function.in.Juvenile.Female
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droxylase.immunoreactivity..76:423.
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stanceschimiques.gc.ca/challenge-de
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Watanabe.H,.Ohta.Y,.Iguchi.T.(2006)
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226..vom. Saal. FS,. Cooke. PS,. Bu
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solid.phase.extraction-high.perform
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appendix i. nTp-Cerhr bisphenol a e
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158 CHAPIN ET AL. the CERHR Core Co
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160 CHAPIN ET AL. referred to as 4,
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162 CHAPIN ET AL. concentrations in
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164 CHAPIN ET AL. Food (no. sampled
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166 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 6 Continued
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168 CHAPIN ET AL. comparison of the
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170 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 8 Urinary C
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172 CHAPIN ET AL. the blood of male
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174 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 11 Bispheno
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176 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 13 Summarie
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178 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 15 Estimate
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180 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 17 Maximum
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182 CHAPIN ET AL. 2.0 GENERAL TOXIC
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184 CHAPIN ET AL. fetuses (3.572.7
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186 CHAPIN ET AL. Secondary sources
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188 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 25 Maternal
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190 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 27 Bispheno
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192 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 31 Qualitat
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194 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 33 Toxicoki
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198 CHAPIN ET AL. appeared to occur
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200 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 43 Biliary
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202 CHAPIN ET AL. suggesting that 4
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204 CHAPIN ET AL. low following ora
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206 CHAPIN ET AL. scaling and speci
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208 CHAPIN ET AL. 60-100% in each d
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210 CHAPIN ET AL. related. No histo
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212 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 52 Continue
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214 CHAPIN ET AL. Model and exposur
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216 CHAPIN ET AL. Model and exposur
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218 Model and exposure Husbandry a
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220 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 54 Differen
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222 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 56 Anti-And
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224 Table 57 In Vitro Genetic Toxic
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226 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 58 In Vivo
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228 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 59 Developm
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232 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 64 Tissue R
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236 CHAPIN ET AL. treatment conditi
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238 CHAPIN ET AL. clinical signs, b
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240 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 71 Benchmar
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242 CHAPIN ET AL. group, 5 from 1 l
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244 CHAPIN ET AL. least significant
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246 CHAPIN ET AL. group was a reduc
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248 CHAPIN ET AL. 100-151 g for fem
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250 CHAPIN ET AL. 3.2.3.2 Developme
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252 CHAPIN ET AL. weights, bispheno
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254 CHAPIN ET AL. 120 mg/kg bw/day
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256 CHAPIN ET AL. comparisons condu
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258 CHAPIN ET AL. the findings of t
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260 CHAPIN ET AL. analyzed.] Anogen
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262 CHAPIN ET AL. purposeful confou
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264 CHAPIN ET AL. increased lordosi
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266 CHAPIN ET AL. that there was a
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268 CHAPIN ET AL. duration of adver
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270 CHAPIN ET AL. doses of potent e
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272 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 74 Effects
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274 CHAPIN ET AL. reproductive orga
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276 CHAPIN ET AL. tyrosine-hydroxly
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278 CHAPIN ET AL. include small sam
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280 CHAPIN ET AL. males/group. [It
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282 CHAPIN ET AL. termination, whic
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284 CHAPIN ET AL. provided a reliab
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286 CHAPIN ET AL. grooming, and out
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288 CHAPIN ET AL. method of oral do
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290 CHAPIN ET AL. reared by their d
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292 CHAPIN ET AL. has been informed
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294 CHAPIN ET AL. buffered paraform
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296 CHAPIN ET AL. unit. Further, th
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298 CHAPIN ET AL. PND 21 and housed
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300 CHAPIN ET AL. Tando et al. (200
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302 CHAPIN ET AL. Purina Certified
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304 CHAPIN ET AL. high-doses of bis
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306 CHAPIN ET AL. born to those dam
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308 CHAPIN ET AL. average weight we
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310 CHAPIN ET AL. study authors con
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312 CHAPIN ET AL. used for extracti
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314 CHAPIN ET AL. jar, and there we
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316 CHAPIN ET AL. of testes and com
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318 CHAPIN ET AL. differentiation o
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320 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 81 Summary
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322 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 82 Continue
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328 CHAPIN ET AL. 600 mg/kg bw/day)
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330 CHAPIN ET AL. (Nagao et al., 19
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332 CHAPIN ET AL. antinuclear antib
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334 CHAPIN ET AL. least 6 animals.
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336 CHAPIN ET AL. Utility (Adequacy
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Page 265 and 266: 342 CHAPIN ET AL. Endpoint Table 88
Page 267 and 268: 344 CHAPIN ET AL. different diets b
Page 269 and 270: 346 CHAPIN ET AL. with 40 mg vitami
Page 271 and 272: 348 CHAPIN ET AL. the bisphenol A v
Page 273 and 274: 350 CHAPIN ET AL. and determining t
Page 275 and 276: 352 CHAPIN ET AL. expression [to B6
Page 277 and 278: 354 CHAPIN ET AL. indicated] at 0 (
Page 279 and 280: 356 CHAPIN ET AL. concentrations us
Page 281 and 282: 358 CHAPIN ET AL. animals were non-
Page 283 and 284: 360 CHAPIN ET AL. following adjustm
Page 285 and 286: 362 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 94 Treatmen
Page 287 and 288: 364 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 97 Effects
Page 289 and 290: 366 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 99 Treatmen
Page 291 and 292: 368 CHAPIN ET AL. Therefore the NTP
Page 293 and 294: 370 CHAPIN ET AL. weeks before mati
Page 295 and 296: 372 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 100 Summary
Page 297 and 298: 374 Table 101 Summary of High Utili
Page 299 and 300: 376 Table 102 Summary of Limited Ut
Page 301 and 302: 378 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 103 Summary
Page 303 and 304: 380 CHAPIN ET AL. from other suppli
Page 305 and 306: 382 CHAPIN ET AL. U.S. populations.
Page 307 and 308: 384 CHAPIN ET AL. 10. Critical desi
Page 309 and 310: 386 CHAPIN ET AL. Engel SM, Levy B,
Page 311: 388 CHAPIN ET AL. alpha and beta ex
Page 315 and 316: 392 CHAPIN ET AL. Ryan BC, Vandenbe
Page 317 and 318: 394 CHAPIN ET AL. Thomas P, Dong J.
Page 319 and 320: [This page inTenTionally lefT blank
Page 321: appendix iii. publiC CommenTs and p
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