Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA

170 CHAPIN ET AL.
Table 8
Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A and Metabolites in Adults or Children
Urinary bisphenol A or metabolite concentrations as median
(range) or mean7SEM, mg/L a [detectable fraction, % 4LOD]
LOD
Country Study population (mg/L) Free Total Glucuronide Sulfate Reference
U.S. 30 urine samples from 0.3 o 0.3 2.12 1.4 0.3 Ye et al. (2005)
demographically (o0.3–0.6) (oLOD b –19.8) (oLOD b
(oLOD b
diverse, anonymous [10%] [97%] –19.0) –1.8)
adult volunteers [90%] [47%]
U.S. 394 adult volunteers 0.1 1.28 (10–95th Calafat et al.
(men and women; percentile: (2005)
20–59 years old) from 0.22–5.18)
the NHANES [95%] c
III survey
U.S. 23 adults 0.5 0.47 (o1–2.24)
[52%]
Liu et al. (2005)
U.S. 9 girls (9 years of age) 0.5 2.4 (0.04–16)
[89%]
Liu et al. (2005)
U.S. 90 women (6–8 years 8.36 1.8 (o0.3–54.3) Wolff
of age; White, Black,
Asian, or Hispanic
ethnicity)
[85%] et al. (2006)
Germany 7 men, 12 women 1.14 (BPA) o1.14 o26.26 [LOQ] Völkel
10.1 (BPA
monoglucuronide)
[0%] et al. (2005)
Korea 15 men (42.672.4 1 0.28–2.36; 0.85–9.83 0.16–11.67 oMDL Kim
years of age) d
0.5870.14 2.8270.73 2.3470.85 –1.03; et al. (2003b)
0.4970.27 e
Korea 15 women (43.072.7 0.28 0.068–1.65; 1.00–7.64 oMDL c –4.34 oMDL Kim
years of age) d
0.5670.10 2.7670.54 1.0070.34 –3.40;
1.2070.32
et al. (2003b)
e
Korea 34 men, 39 women 0.012 Geometric Yang
(mean 5 48.5 mean: 9.54 et al. (2003)
years of age) (o0.012–586.14 b )
[75%]
Korea 81 men not occupationally Geometric Yang et al.
exposed to bisphenol A mean7SD
6.8873.72
(2006)
Korea 79 women not 0.026 Geometric Yang et al.
occupationally mean7SD (2006)
exposed to
bisphenol A
5.0173.16 [97.5%]
Japan 48 woman college 0.2 o0.2 [2%] 1.2 (0.2–19.1) Ouchi and
students [100%] Watanabe
(2002)
Japan Pooled urine samples 0.12 o0.12 0.11–0.51 Brock et al.
from at least 5 people (2001)
Japan 23 women, 46 men; in each 0.01–0.27 Mean 5 0.81 Tsukioka
volunteer, 2 samples per (range: et al. (2004)
volunteer were combined 0.14–5.47)
Japan Whole-day urine samples Mean 5 0.81 Tsukioka
collected from 11 men
and 11 women
(range 0.24–2.03) et al. (2004)
Japan Urine collected from 3 0.02 o0.1 0.22, 0.41, and 0.45 Kawaguchi
volunteers [100% after
deconjugation]
et al. (2004)
Japan Spot urine samples 1.1 o1.1 (o1.1–5.4) c
Fujimaki
collected from 56
women who were
1–9 months pregnant;
21–43 years of age
(ELISA) [30%] et al. (2004)
Japan 21 men, 31 women; 22–51 0.2 49/51 had 1.9270.27 [98%] Fukata
years of age o0.2
mean 0.34
(n 5 2) [4%]
et al. (2006)
Birth Defects Research (Part B) 83:157–395, 2008