Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA

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nTp brief Population Table 2. Urinary Concentrations and Corresponding “Back Calculated” Daily Intakes of bisphenol A in People (United States) Urinary Concentration of Total bisphenol A [µg/L]* (8) the.United.States.because.of.the.large.number. of.people.included.in.the.survey.and.the.process. used.to.select.participants..In.addition,.the.analytical.techniques.used.by.the.CDC.to.measure. bisphenol.A.are.considered.very.accurate.by.the. scientific.community..There.is.some.indication. that.exposure.to.bisphenol.A.may.be.increasing.. The.median.levels.of.bisphenol.A.in.human.urine. doubled.(from.1.3.µg/L.to.2.7.µg/L).and.the.95 th . percentile.values.tripled.(from.5.2.µg/L.to.15.9. µg/L).between.NHANES.III.(1988.–.1994).and. NHANES.2003.–.2004..Many.smaller.studies. also.report.detection.of.bisphenol.A.in.urine,. blood,.and.other.body.fluids.and.tissues.from. 5 Estimated Intake of bisphenol A [µg/kg bw/day]**( 35) All 2.7.(1.3.–.15.9/149) 0.0505.(0.0235.–.0.2742/3.47) 6.–.11.years 3.7.(1.7.–.16.0/46.1) 0.0674.(0.0310.–.0.3105/0.55) 12.–.19.years 4.2.(1.9.–.16.5/149) 0.0773.(0.0378.–.0.3476/3.47) 20.–.39.years 3.1.(1.5.–.15.4/61.4) 0.0563.(0.0272.–.0.289./0.84) 40.–.59.years 2.4.(1.1.–.15.5/75.2) 0.0415.(0.0179.–.0.2335/0.88) 60+.years 1.9.(0.8.–.13.3/52.4) 0.0334.(0.0163.–.0.2331/0.88) Female 2.4.(1.2.–.15.7/80.1) 0.0443.(0.0190.–.0.2705/1.40) Male. 3.2.(1.4.–.16.0/149) 0.0572.(0.0269.–.0.2778/3.47) . Data.is.shown.as.median.(25th.–.95th.percentile.range/maximum) **The.CDC.data.for.ages.20.–.39.and.40.–.59.years.were.not.presented.in.the.study.by.Calafat.et al. (8)..Lakind. et al. (35).obtained.these.values.from.data.files.available.on.the.CDC.website.(http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ about/major/nhanes/nhanes2003 – 2004/lab03_04.htm.)..Lakind.et al. (35).conducted.a.separate.analysis. of.the.CDC.data.and.calculated.mean.and.percentile.values.within.0.2.µg/L.of.those.presented.by.Calafat.et al. (8)..The.NTP.obtained.maximum.urine.concentrations.for.each.category.from.the.CDC.data.files..The. highest.urinary.concentrations.and.estimated.intakes.in.Table.2.represent.data.from.the.same.individual. **.Lakind.et al. (35).assumed.that.daily.intake.of.bisphenol.A.was.equivalent.to.daily.excretion..Daily.excretion. was.calculated.by.multiplying.the.urine.concentration.of.bisphenol.A.(µg/L).by.24.–.hour.urinary.output. volume..Daily.urinary.volume.was.assumed.to.be.600.ml.for.children.aged.6.–.11.years,.1200.for.males. and.females.aged.12.–.19,.1200.for.adult.females,.and.1600.for.adult.males..Body.weight.data.from.the. 2003.–.2004.NHANES.database.was.used.to.calculate.daily.intake.adjusted.for.body.weight..The.NTP. calculated.the.maximum.estimated.daily.intakes.by.multiplying.the.maximum.detected.urine.concentration. for.each.category.by.the.corresponding.default.urine.output.volume.used.by.Lakind.et al..and.then.dividing. this.number.by.the.individual’s.body.weight.provided.in.the.CDC.data.files.. people.in.the.United.States,.Europe,.and.Asia. [(9 – 12);.studies.published.prior.to.mid-2007. are.reviewed.in.(2, 3, 13)]..Because.bisphenol. A.does.not.persist.for.long.periods.of.time.in. the. body,. its. widespread. detection. in. people. indicates.that.exposures.occur.frequently.. Bisphenol.A.can.be.detected.in.the.blood.of. pregnant.women,.amniotic.fluid,.placental.tissue,.and.umbilical.cord.blood.indicating.some. degree.of.fetal.exposure.(12, 14 – 17)..Concentrations.of.bisphenol.A.measured.in.breast.milk. and.the.blood.of.pregnant.women.in.the.United. States.are.presented.in.Table.3..
Table 3. Blood and Breast Milk Biomonitoring of bisphenol A in People (United States) Biological Medium Blood. Breast.milk Population (sample size) Pregnant.women. (40) Lactating.women. (20) LOD.=.limit.of.detection Free bisphenol A (µg/L) Mean or Median [range] Mean:.5.9. .[0.5.–.22.4] Mean:.1.3;.. Median:.0.4.. [
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Page 25 and 26: isphenol.A.as.efficiently.as.adult.
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Page 33 and 34: death.(168),.synaptic.plasticity.(1
Page 35 and 36: gland.carcinogen.or.that.bisphenol.
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Page 39 and 40: strategies.to.improve.the.sensitivi
Page 41 and 42: • • Howdeshell.et.al. (55).repo
Page 43 and 44: and.cystic.endometrial.hyperplasia.
Page 45 and 46: cutaneous. injection. 20 . vom. Saa
Page 47 and 48: are CurrenT exposures To bisphenol
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Page 51 and 52: nTp ConClusions The.NTP.reached.the
Page 53 and 54: appendix a: inTerpreTaTion of blood
Page 55 and 56: µg/kg.bw/day.based.on.the.assumpti
Page 57 and 58: concentrations.from.maternal,.fetal
Page 59 and 60: 12.. Padmanabhan. V,. Siefert. K,.
Page 61 and 62: In..Research.Triangle.Park,.NC:.RTI
Page 63 and 64: 65.. Alonso-Magdalena. P,. Laribi.
Page 65 and 66: 91.. Calabrese.EJ,.Baldwin.LA.(2003
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droxylase.immunoreactivity..76:423.
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stanceschimiques.gc.ca/challenge-de
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Watanabe.H,.Ohta.Y,.Iguchi.T.(2006)
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226..vom. Saal. FS,. Cooke. PS,. Bu
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solid.phase.extraction-high.perform
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appendix i. nTp-Cerhr bisphenol a e
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158 CHAPIN ET AL. the CERHR Core Co
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160 CHAPIN ET AL. referred to as 4,
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162 CHAPIN ET AL. concentrations in
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164 CHAPIN ET AL. Food (no. sampled
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166 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 6 Continued
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168 CHAPIN ET AL. comparison of the
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170 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 8 Urinary C
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172 CHAPIN ET AL. the blood of male
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174 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 11 Bispheno
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176 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 13 Summarie
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178 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 15 Estimate
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180 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 17 Maximum
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182 CHAPIN ET AL. 2.0 GENERAL TOXIC
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184 CHAPIN ET AL. fetuses (3.572.7
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186 CHAPIN ET AL. Secondary sources
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188 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 25 Maternal
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190 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 27 Bispheno
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192 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 31 Qualitat
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194 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 33 Toxicoki
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198 CHAPIN ET AL. appeared to occur
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200 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 43 Biliary
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202 CHAPIN ET AL. suggesting that 4
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204 CHAPIN ET AL. low following ora
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206 CHAPIN ET AL. scaling and speci
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208 CHAPIN ET AL. 60-100% in each d
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210 CHAPIN ET AL. related. No histo
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212 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 52 Continue
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214 CHAPIN ET AL. Model and exposur
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216 CHAPIN ET AL. Model and exposur
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218 Model and exposure Husbandry a
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220 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 54 Differen
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222 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 56 Anti-And
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224 Table 57 In Vitro Genetic Toxic
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226 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 58 In Vivo
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228 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 59 Developm
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232 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 64 Tissue R
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236 CHAPIN ET AL. treatment conditi
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238 CHAPIN ET AL. clinical signs, b
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240 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 71 Benchmar
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242 CHAPIN ET AL. group, 5 from 1 l
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244 CHAPIN ET AL. least significant
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246 CHAPIN ET AL. group was a reduc
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248 CHAPIN ET AL. 100-151 g for fem
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250 CHAPIN ET AL. 3.2.3.2 Developme
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252 CHAPIN ET AL. weights, bispheno
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254 CHAPIN ET AL. 120 mg/kg bw/day
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256 CHAPIN ET AL. comparisons condu
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258 CHAPIN ET AL. the findings of t
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260 CHAPIN ET AL. analyzed.] Anogen
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262 CHAPIN ET AL. purposeful confou
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264 CHAPIN ET AL. increased lordosi
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266 CHAPIN ET AL. that there was a
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268 CHAPIN ET AL. duration of adver
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270 CHAPIN ET AL. doses of potent e
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272 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 74 Effects
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274 CHAPIN ET AL. reproductive orga
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276 CHAPIN ET AL. tyrosine-hydroxly
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278 CHAPIN ET AL. include small sam
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280 CHAPIN ET AL. males/group. [It
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282 CHAPIN ET AL. termination, whic
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284 CHAPIN ET AL. provided a reliab
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286 CHAPIN ET AL. grooming, and out
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288 CHAPIN ET AL. method of oral do
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290 CHAPIN ET AL. reared by their d
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292 CHAPIN ET AL. has been informed
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294 CHAPIN ET AL. buffered paraform
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296 CHAPIN ET AL. unit. Further, th
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298 CHAPIN ET AL. PND 21 and housed
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300 CHAPIN ET AL. Tando et al. (200
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302 CHAPIN ET AL. Purina Certified
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304 CHAPIN ET AL. high-doses of bis
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306 CHAPIN ET AL. born to those dam
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308 CHAPIN ET AL. average weight we
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310 CHAPIN ET AL. study authors con
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312 CHAPIN ET AL. used for extracti
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314 CHAPIN ET AL. jar, and there we
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316 CHAPIN ET AL. of testes and com
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318 CHAPIN ET AL. differentiation o
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320 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 81 Summary
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322 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 82 Continue
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328 CHAPIN ET AL. 600 mg/kg bw/day)
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330 CHAPIN ET AL. (Nagao et al., 19
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332 CHAPIN ET AL. antinuclear antib
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334 CHAPIN ET AL. least 6 animals.
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336 CHAPIN ET AL. Utility (Adequacy
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338 CHAPIN ET AL. stomach weight wa
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340 CHAPIN ET AL. Schirling et al.
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342 CHAPIN ET AL. Endpoint Table 88
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344 CHAPIN ET AL. different diets b
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346 CHAPIN ET AL. with 40 mg vitami
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348 CHAPIN ET AL. the bisphenol A v
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350 CHAPIN ET AL. and determining t
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352 CHAPIN ET AL. expression [to B6
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354 CHAPIN ET AL. indicated] at 0 (
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356 CHAPIN ET AL. concentrations us
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358 CHAPIN ET AL. animals were non-
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360 CHAPIN ET AL. following adjustm
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362 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 94 Treatmen
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364 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 97 Effects
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366 CHAPIN ET AL. Table 99 Treatmen
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368 CHAPIN ET AL. Therefore the NTP
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370 CHAPIN ET AL. weeks before mati
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374 Table 101 Summary of High Utili
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376 Table 102 Summary of Limited Ut
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380 CHAPIN ET AL. from other suppli
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382 CHAPIN ET AL. U.S. populations.
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384 CHAPIN ET AL. 10. Critical desi
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386 CHAPIN ET AL. Engel SM, Levy B,
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388 CHAPIN ET AL. alpha and beta ex
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390 CHAPIN ET AL. Murray TJ, Maffin
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392 CHAPIN ET AL. Ryan BC, Vandenbe
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394 CHAPIN ET AL. Thomas P, Dong J.
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appendix iii. publiC CommenTs and p
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