Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA
Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA
Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and ... - OEHHA
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absTraCT<br />
NTP-CERHR MONOGRAPH ON THE POTENTIAL HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE<br />
AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS OF BISPHENOL A<br />
The.Nati<strong>on</strong>al.Toxicology.Program.(NTP).Center.<br />
for.<strong>the</strong>.Evaluati<strong>on</strong>.of.Risks.to.<strong>Human</strong>.Reproducti<strong>on</strong>.(CERHR).c<strong>on</strong>ducted.an.evaluati<strong>on</strong>.of.<strong>the</strong>.<br />
potential.for.bisphenol.A.to.cause.adverse.effects.<br />
<strong>on</strong>.reproducti<strong>on</strong>.<strong>and</strong>.development.in.humans..The.<br />
CERHR.Expert.Panel.<strong>on</strong>.Bisphenol.A.completed.<br />
its.evaluati<strong>on</strong>.in.August.2007..<br />
CERHR. selected. bisphenol. A. for. evaluati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
because.of.<strong>the</strong>:.<br />
• Widespread.human.exposure<br />
• Public.c<strong>on</strong>cern.for.possible.health.effects.<br />
from.human.exposures<br />
• High.producti<strong>on</strong>.volume<br />
• Evidence.of.reproductive.<strong>and</strong>.developmental.toxicity.in.laboratory.animal.<br />
studies<br />
Bisphenol.A.(CAS.RN:.80.–.05.–.7).is.a.high.producti<strong>on</strong>.volume.chemical.used.primarily.in.<strong>the</strong>.<br />
producti<strong>on</strong>.of.polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastics.<strong>and</strong>.epoxy.<br />
resins..Polycarb<strong>on</strong>ate.plastics.are.used.in.some.<br />
food.<strong>and</strong>.drink.c<strong>on</strong>tainers;.<strong>the</strong>.resins.are.used.<br />
as.lacquers.to.coat.metal.products.such.as.food.<br />
cans,. bottle. tops,. <strong>and</strong>. water. supply. pipes.. To.<br />
a.lesser.extent.bisphenol.A.is.used.in.<strong>the</strong>.producti<strong>on</strong>.of.polyester.resins,.polysulf<strong>on</strong>e.resins,.polyacrylate.resins,.<strong>and</strong>.flame.retardants..In.additi<strong>on</strong>,.bisphenol.A.is.used.in.<strong>the</strong>.processing.of.<br />
polyvinyl.chloride.plastic.<strong>and</strong>.in.<strong>the</strong>.recycling.<br />
of.<strong>the</strong>rmal.paper..Some.polymers.used.in.dental.<br />
sealants. <strong>and</strong>. tooth. coatings. c<strong>on</strong>tain. bisphenol.<br />
A..The.primary.source.of.exposure.to.bisphenol.<br />
A.for.most.people.is.assumed.to.occur.through.<br />
<strong>the</strong>.diet..While.air,.dust,.<strong>and</strong>.water.(including.<br />
skin.c<strong>on</strong>tact.during.bathing.<strong>and</strong>.swimming).are.<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r.possible.sources.of.exposure,.bisphenol.A.<br />
in.food.<strong>and</strong>.beverages.accounts.for.<strong>the</strong>.majority.<br />
of.daily.human.exposure..The.highest.estimated.<br />
daily.intakes.of.bisphenol.A.in.<strong>the</strong>.general.populati<strong>on</strong>.occur.in.infants.<strong>and</strong>.children.<br />
vii<br />
The.results.of.this.bisphenol.A.evaluati<strong>on</strong>.are.<br />
published.in.an.NTP-CERHR.<str<strong>on</strong>g>M<strong>on</strong>ograph</str<strong>on</strong>g>.that.<br />
includes.<strong>the</strong>.(1).NTP.Brief.<strong>and</strong>.(2).Expert.Panel.<br />
Report.<strong>on</strong>.<strong>the</strong>.<strong>Reproductive</strong>.<strong>and</strong>.Developmental.<br />
Toxicity.of.Bisphenol.A..Additi<strong>on</strong>al.informati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
related.to.<strong>the</strong>.evaluati<strong>on</strong>.process,.including.<strong>the</strong>.<br />
peer.review.report.for.<strong>the</strong>.NTP.Brief.<strong>and</strong>.public.<br />
comments.received.<strong>on</strong>.<strong>the</strong>.draft.NTP.Brief.<strong>and</strong>.<br />
<strong>the</strong>.final.expert.panel.report,.are.available.<strong>on</strong>.<strong>the</strong>.<br />
CERHR. website. (http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/)..<br />
See.bisphenol.A.under.“CERHR.Chemicals”.<strong>on</strong>.<br />
<strong>the</strong>.homepage or.go.directly.to.http://cerhr.niehs.<br />
nih.gov/chemicals/bisphenol/bisphenol.html)...<br />
The.NTP.reached.<strong>the</strong>.following.c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>s.<strong>on</strong>.<br />
<strong>the</strong>.possible.effects.of.exposure.to.bisphenol.A.<br />
<strong>on</strong>.human.development.<strong>and</strong>.reproducti<strong>on</strong>..Note.<br />
that.<strong>the</strong>.possible.levels.of.c<strong>on</strong>cern,.from.lowest.to.<br />
highest,.are.negligible.c<strong>on</strong>cern,.minimal.c<strong>on</strong>cern,.<br />
some.c<strong>on</strong>cern,.c<strong>on</strong>cern,.<strong>and</strong>.serious.c<strong>on</strong>cern.<br />
The NTP has some c<strong>on</strong>cern for effects <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
brain, behavior, <strong>and</strong> prostate gl<strong>and</strong> in fetuses,<br />
infants, <strong>and</strong> children at current human exposures<br />
to bisphenol A.<br />
The NTP has minimal c<strong>on</strong>cern for effects <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
mammary gl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> an earlier age for puberty<br />
for females in fetuses, infants, <strong>and</strong> children at<br />
current human exposures to bisphenol A.<br />
The NTP has negligible c<strong>on</strong>cern that exposure of<br />
pregnant women to bisphenol A will result in fetal<br />
or ne<strong>on</strong>atal mortality, birth defects, or reduced<br />
birth weight <strong>and</strong> growth in <strong>the</strong>ir offspring.<br />
The NTP has negligible c<strong>on</strong>cern that exposure<br />
to bisphenol A will cause reproductive effects in<br />
n<strong>on</strong>-occupati<strong>on</strong>ally exposed adults <strong>and</strong> minimal<br />
c<strong>on</strong>cern for workers exposed to higher levels<br />
in occupati<strong>on</strong>al settings.
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