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emissions on a national basis, many
mega-cities have severe air quality problems
from the increased
use of cars and trucks and
the limited use of emissions
controls. In all
countries, of course,
industrial and other emissions
from stationary
sources also affect urban
air quality.
Moreover, the large
quantities of gasoline and
diesel fuel consumed by the transportation
sector raise concerns about the addi-
C H A P T E R N I N E
AN INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISON OF
TRANSPORTATION
AND AIR POLLUTION
MOBILE SOURCES ACCOUNT FOR A SIGNIFICANT SHARE OF URBAN
AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS WORLDWIDE. MOTOR VEHICLES ARE A
MAJOR SOURCE OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO), NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX), AND VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) EMISSIONS IN ALL
ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES. IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES,
DESPITE LOWER LEVELS OF TRANSPORTATION-RELATED AIR POLLUTANT
There were over 615
million motor vehicles in
the world fleet in 1993,
and rapid growth is
expected. How this
growth affects air quality
and the global climate is
drawing attention.
205
tion of carbon dioxide (CO 2), a greenhouse
gas, to the atmosphere and its
potential for global cli-
mate change. The United
States and other industrialized
countries account
for 65 percent of mobile
source greenhouse gas
emissions. Developing
countries’ contributions,
however, are expected to
grow appreciably in the
future as per capita use of
highway vehicles increases in these
nations.