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Millions of current dollars Annual payroll and benefits 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 –500 � �� 1984 Purchased fuels Lease and rental 1985 � �� 1986 Insurance Depreciation Taxes and licenses FIGURE 2-14: CLASS I RAILROADS NET OPERATING REVENUE, 1984–93 1987 1988 1989 �� 1990 1991 1992 1993 SOURCE: American Association of Railroads, Economics, Policy and Statistics Department, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: September 1995). Chapter 2 Transportation and the Economy � 63 FIGURE 2-13: CLASS I RAILROAD INDUSTRY TOTAL EXPENDITURES BY COST ITEMS, 1988 AND 1993 Other 1988 1993 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Percent SOURCE: American Association of Railroads, Economics, Policy and Statistics Department, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: September 1995). U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC), Bureau of the Census. 1995. Motor Freight Transportation and Warehousing Survey: 1993. Washington, DC. _____. 1993. County Business Patterns. U.S. Department of Commerce, (USDOC) Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1987. Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the United States, 1987. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. November. _____. 1992. Survey of Current Business. April. _____. 1994. National Income and Products Account data. _____. 1995. Survey of Current Business. April. _____. 1995. BEA Regional Projections to 2045, Vol. 1, States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. July.
64 � Transportation Statistics Annual Report 1996 U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC), U.S. Travel and Tourism Administration (USTTA). 1995. In-Flight Survey of International Air Travelers. U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL), Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 1993. Consumer Expenditures Survey. _____. 1994a. Consumer Expenditures Survey. _____. 1994b. Monthly Labor Review. September. _____. In press. Productivity Measures for Selected Industries and Government Services. Washington, DC. U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). 1995a. Federal State and Local Transportation Financial Statistics—Fiscal Years 1982– 1992. Washington, DC. June. _____. 1995b. National Transportation Statistics, 1996. Washington, DC. November. _____. In press. Federal Transportation Financial Statistics, prepared by Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. Washington, DC. U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 1995. For-Hire Trucking Industry Size Study, FHWA PL-95-037A. Washington, DC. April.
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Bureau of Transportation Statistics
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION F
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5 THE STATE OF TRANSPORTATION STATI
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List of Figures PART I: THE STATE O
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9 AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF TR
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8 TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY: A
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well as the condition and performan
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cance of transportation is comparab
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U.S. society over the lifetime of p
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and compile statistical information
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onmental impacts focus on individua
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Angeles recorded 208 unhealthful da
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Part I The State of the Transportat
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4 � Transportation Statistics Ann
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10 � Transportation Statistics An
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Page 62 and 63: kinds of transportation services co
Page 64 and 65: counted as products of the manufact
Page 66 and 67: worth of industrial output to final
Page 68 and 69: Measures of Transportation’s Impo
Page 70 and 71: New car Used car Gas and oil Gas ta
Page 72 and 73: Vehicle Operating Costs Vehicle pur
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 2 Transportation and the Ec
Page 76 and 77: federal funds spent on transit, rai
Page 78 and 79: The total collections from all thes
Page 80 and 81: classified under the industry in wh
Page 82 and 83: The airline industry is using fewer
Page 84 and 85: that businesses that once depended
Page 88 and 89: C H A P T E R T H R E E TRANSPORTAT
Page 90 and 91: Risk exposure means that the more a
Page 92 and 93: fatality rate will continue to decl
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Page 96 and 97: in terms of fatalities per distance
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Page 100 and 101: ed duty/sleep periods before their
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Page 104 and 105: Drivers who ignore warning signs ar
Page 106 and 107: The lack of accurate, comprehensive
Page 108 and 109: _____. 1996. 1995 Traffic Crashes,
Page 122 and 123: 100 � Transportation Statistics A
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114 � Transportation Statistics A
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tion accounts for about one-ninth o
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cases the results have fallen short
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� Water Pollution The major sourc
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vehicles significantly lower the pe
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Total social cost at quantity Q' wh
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such as the Clean Air Act and Amend
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C H A P T E R S E V E N ENVIRONMENT
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CO emissions, 45 percent of all nit
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Index, 1970 = 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0
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highway vehicles emit only half the
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7-3). VOC emissions from mobile sou
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1988; before 1988, PM-10 was not di
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new CAAA regulations required a red
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that without the improvement, VOC e
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fuels are derived from natural gas
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Gallons (millions) 25 20 15 10 5 B
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The Strategic Targeting and Respons
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EPNdB Large jet—Stage 1 (L) Large
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� Aircraft Noise Aircraft noise b
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Chapter 7 Environmental Trends and
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iron, and other metals, and greater
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Re-use Waste tire inventory Process
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� Transportation of Hazardous Mat
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Netherlands employ compensatory pro
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Billions of 1990 dollars 30 25 20 1
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Developing the information needed f
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_____. 1990. Pollutant Loadings and
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Index, 1980 = 100 A. CO emissions,
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Appendices
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AAMVA American Association of Motor
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ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transporta
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U.S. to Metric Length (approximate)
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A Aboveground storage tanks, xxi, 1
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C CAA. See Clean Air Act CAAA. See
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Energy efficiency combination truck
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evenues, 53-56 subsidies paid to op
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Malaysia emissions control efforts,
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energy demand projections, 95 exter
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Tires burning, 158 disposal, xxi, 1
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physical condition and performance,
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