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260 � Transportation Statistics Annual Report 1996 T. R. Lakshmanan Bureau of Transportation Statistics U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC William Anderson Department of Geography McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Ake Andersson Institute for Futures Studies Stockholm, Sweden Nilam Bedi Ministry of Transportation Downsview, Ontario, Canada Steven Bernow Tellus Institute Boston, MA Eric Beshers Jefferson, MD Kiran Bhatt K.T. Analytics, Inc. Frederick, MD Ulrich Blum Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften Technishe Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany Michael S. Bronzini Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Michael Cameron Environmental Defense Fund Oakland, CA Fenton Carey Office of Technology Policy U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC Steven G. Carlton Lockheed Martin Washington, DC Harry Cohen Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Washington, DC PARTICIPANTS IN THE BTS CONFERENCE ON MEASURING THE FULL SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSPORTATION, JULY 6–8, 1995 Randall Crane Department of Urban Planning University of California, Irvine Helen Cregger U. S. General Accounting Office New York, NY Patrick Decorla-Souza Federal Highway Administration U. S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Mark Delucchi Institute for Transportation Studies University of California, Davis Alan F. Eisenberg Corporate Economics Office Ford Motor Co. Dearborn, MI Harry Foster General Motors Corp. Detroit, MI A. Myrick Freeman III Department of Economics Bowdoin College Brunswick, ME John Fuller University of Iowa Iowa City, IA Lew Fulton U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC Eric C. Gabler Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC David Gillen School of Business and Economics Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Genevieve Giuliano School of Urban and Regional Planning University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA José Gomez-Ibañez Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Cambridge, MA Cameron Gordon U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Alexandria, VA Lynn Gorman Fresno County Public Works Fresno, CA Laura Gottsman Office of Policy Analysis U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC David L. Greene Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Lorna Greening Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California, Berkeley Frank Haight Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Irvine Xiaoli Han Amtech, Inc. Washington, DC David A. Hensher Institute of Transportation Studies Graduate School Business The University of Sydney Australia Patricia Hu Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Roland Hwang Union of Concerned Scientists Berkeley, CA Arthur “Jake” Jacoby Office of Policy Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC
Shelton Jackson Office of Economics U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Donald W. Jones Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Joe Jones Boon, Jones and Associates Kingston, Ontario, Canada Tom Jones OECD Environment Directorate Paris, France Adib Kanafani Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Berkeley Jan Keppler International Energy Agency Paris, France Brian T. Ketcham Konheim & Ketcham Brooklyn, NY Marilyn Klein Office of Policy and Program Development Federal Railroad Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Alan Krupnick Resources for the Future Washington, DC Charles Lave Economics Department University of California, Irvine Douglass B. Lee Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA Russ Lee Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Martin E.H. Lee-Gosselin Département D’aménagement Faculté d’architecture et d’aménagement Université Laval Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada Appendix B: Conference on the Full Social Costs and Benefits of Transportation � 261 PARTICIPANTS IN THE BTS CONFERENCE ON MEASURING THE FULL SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSPORTATION, JULY 6–8, 1995 (CONTINUED) Paul Leiby Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Todd Litman M.O.T.H. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Don McCubbin Department of Economics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA David Mednick Bureau of Transportation Statistics U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Michael Meyer School of Civil Engineering Transportation Research and Education Center Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA Ted Miller National Public Services Research Institute Landover, MD Herbert Mohring Department of Economics University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Hugh Morris American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Washington, DC Edith B. Page Bechtel Group, Inc. Washington, DC Alan Pisarski Falls Church, VA Emile M. Quinet École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées Paris, France Tom Reinhold Institute of Transportation Studies University of California, Berkeley Mark A. Safford Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA Dan Santini Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL Sam Seskin Parsons Brinckerhoff Portland, OR Donald Shoup School of Public Policy University of California, Los Angeles James M. Shrouds Environmental Analysis Division Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Ken Small Department of Economics University of California, Irvine Folke Snickars Department of Infrastructure and Planning Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Frank Southworth Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN Richard P. Steinmann Office of Policy Federal Transit Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Louise F. Stoll Office of the Secretary U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC Melvin M. Webber University of California Transportation Center University of California, Berkeley P. Christopher Zegras International Institute for Energy Conservation Washington, DC
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Bureau of Transportation Statistics
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION F
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5 THE STATE OF TRANSPORTATION STATI
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List of Figures PART I: THE STATE O
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9 AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF TR
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8 TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY: A
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well as the condition and performan
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cance of transportation is comparab
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U.S. society over the lifetime of p
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and compile statistical information
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onmental impacts focus on individua
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Angeles recorded 208 unhealthful da
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Part I The State of the Transportat
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4 � Transportation Statistics Ann
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10 � Transportation Statistics An
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To capture the rich interplay betwe
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Tables 2-1 and 2-2 present transpor
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kinds of transportation services co
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counted as products of the manufact
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worth of industrial output to final
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Measures of Transportation’s Impo
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New car Used car Gas and oil Gas ta
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Vehicle Operating Costs Vehicle pur
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Chapter 2 Transportation and the Ec
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federal funds spent on transit, rai
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The total collections from all thes
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classified under the industry in wh
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The airline industry is using fewer
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that businesses that once depended
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Millions of current dollars Annual
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C H A P T E R T H R E E TRANSPORTAT
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Risk exposure means that the more a
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fatality rate will continue to decl
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more than $14 billion in health car
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in terms of fatalities per distance
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that figure had dropped to 14 perce
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ed duty/sleep periods before their
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more seats (Title 14 Code of Federa
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Drivers who ignore warning signs ar
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The lack of accurate, comprehensive
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_____. 1996. 1995 Traffic Crashes,
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100 � Transportation Statistics A
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tion accounts for about one-ninth o
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cases the results have fallen short
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� Water Pollution The major sourc
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vehicles significantly lower the pe
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Total social cost at quantity Q' wh
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such as the Clean Air Act and Amend
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C H A P T E R S E V E N ENVIRONMENT
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CO emissions, 45 percent of all nit
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Index, 1970 = 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0
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highway vehicles emit only half the
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7-3). VOC emissions from mobile sou
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1988; before 1988, PM-10 was not di
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new CAAA regulations required a red
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that without the improvement, VOC e
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fuels are derived from natural gas
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Gallons (millions) 25 20 15 10 5 B
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The Strategic Targeting and Respons
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EPNdB Large jet—Stage 1 (L) Large
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� Aircraft Noise Aircraft noise b
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Chapter 7 Environmental Trends and
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iron, and other metals, and greater
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Re-use Waste tire inventory Process
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� Transportation of Hazardous Mat
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Netherlands employ compensatory pro
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Billions of 1990 dollars 30 25 20 1
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Developing the information needed f
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_____. 1990. Pollutant Loadings and
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Page 230 and 231: Index, 1980 = 100 A. CO emissions,
Page 248 and 249: Appendices
Page 280 and 281: AAMVA American Association of Motor
Page 282 and 283: ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transporta
Page 284 and 285: U.S. to Metric Length (approximate)
Page 286 and 287: A Aboveground storage tanks, xxi, 1
Page 288 and 289: C CAA. See Clean Air Act CAAA. See
Page 290 and 291: Energy efficiency combination truck
Page 292 and 293: evenues, 53-56 subsidies paid to op
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Page 296 and 297: energy demand projections, 95 exter
Page 298 and 299: Tires burning, 158 disposal, xxi, 1
Page 300: physical condition and performance,
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