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58 � Transportation Statistics Annual Report 1996
Percentage change
FIGURE 2-11: ANNUAL GROWTH OF TRANSPORTATION PRODUCTIVITY, 1980–92
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–15
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of 200,000 retail establishments, such as car dealerships
and gas stations, and 900,000 people
employed by 175,000 service businesses, such as
car washes, body shops, and repair facilities. Also
excluded are all government and manufacturing
employees with transportation jobs. (USDOC
Bureau of the Census 1993) The National
Transportation Statistics 1996 report provides
detailed information on transportation employment
for 1994 and earlier. According to the report,
when all related activities are included, more than
9 million people were employed in transportation
activities in 1994. (USDOT BTS 1995b)
Establishments with one to four employees
constitute 55 percent of total transportation
businesses. Conversely, 21 percent of total transport
employees work in establishments with
more than 1,000 workers. These large businesses
constitute less than one-tenth of 1 percent of
establishments.
Establishment size varies by mode as well.
The airline industry, for example, consists of a
few large establishments with more than 1,000
employees. These few large businesses account
for half of all airline employees.
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1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992
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� Costs and Productivity Trends
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B Rail
J Air
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Productivity Measures for Selected Industries
and Government Services (Washington, DC: In press).
H Pipeline
Table 2-15 shows growth in labor costs in the
transportation industry relative to all workers
and to similar labor groups such as communications
and utilities workers. Transportation labor
costs have risen less than for these groups.
Transportation Statistics Annual Report 1995
extensively discussed productivity patterns in
the transportation sector. Figure 2-11 presents
the most current productivity data.
TABLE 2-15: EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX
Worker category Index (June 1993)
All civilian workers 118.3
Private industry 118.0
All services 117.3
Transportation 114.1
Communications 117.5
Utilities 119.4
NOTE: June 1989 = 100.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly
Labor Review, September 1994, table 21.