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ANTROPOLOGIA VIOLENŢEI<br />
Virgil Păunescu<br />
POSTMODERNISM ŞI VIOLENŢĂ<br />
Introducere in postmo<strong>de</strong>rnism;<br />
Mai intai , postmo<strong>de</strong>rnismul s-a afirmat in cultura <strong>si</strong> arta : in arhitectura prin<br />
Venturi <strong>si</strong> Jenks , in literatura prin Derrida , Lyotard ori Foucault , in <strong>arte</strong>le<br />
plastice prin Lichtenstein , Warhol , Ben , Cesar <strong>si</strong> altii , in filozofie prin Bahtin ,<br />
Ricoeur , Shotter , Schultz , Rorty , unele i<strong>de</strong>i revendicandu-se mai <strong>de</strong>mult , chiar<br />
<strong>de</strong> la Wittgenstein <strong>si</strong> Parsons , sau <strong>si</strong> mai <strong>de</strong>p<strong>arte</strong> , din unele asertiuni ale lui<br />
Nietzsche , Kirkegaard ori Hei<strong>de</strong>gger.<br />
In cultural <strong>si</strong> estetic , <strong>de</strong>zbaterile au izbucnit initial in anii ’60-’70 pe tema<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rnista a “mortii <strong>arte</strong>i”, dar <strong>si</strong> in ve<strong>de</strong>rea asupra a ceea ce ar succe<strong>de</strong><br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rnismului , venind dupa curentul mo<strong>de</strong>rnist , care a parut o vreme ca poate<br />
sa raspunda tuturor intrebarilor <strong>si</strong> problematicii artistice in totalitatea ei .Acest<br />
curent viitor urma <strong>de</strong>ci , in mod natural , dupa mo<strong>de</strong>rnism , sa primeasca titlul <strong>de</strong><br />
“postmo<strong>de</strong>rnism”.<br />
Asa s-a nascut astfel <strong>de</strong>numirea noului curent teoretic , post-mo<strong>de</strong>rnism<br />
inseamnad o inten<strong>si</strong>ficare a mo<strong>de</strong>rnismului , un “hiper-mo<strong>de</strong>rnism” , dupa cum il<br />
numea <strong>si</strong> ganditorul brazilian Jose Merquior in 1984 ,sau “ o noua fata a<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>rnismului”, dupa cum afirma Matei Calinescu in 1987.Conceptia<br />
postmo<strong>de</strong>rnista a atacat mai ales mo<strong>de</strong>rnismul vazut ca oglinda a realitatii ,<br />
postmo<strong>de</strong>rnismul pledand pentru pozitii mult mai nuantate “perspectiviste”, <strong>si</strong><br />
“relativiste” , perspectivelor asupra societatii , promovate <strong>de</strong> mo<strong>de</strong>rnism ,<br />
preferandu-li-se micro-perspectivele <strong>si</strong> micro-politicile , vazute ca fiind capabile<br />
sa raspunda mai a<strong>de</strong>cvat realitatii particulare ori a<strong>de</strong>varurilor multiple ale<br />
existentei.Datorita acestor schimbari , se produce transformarea societatii dintr-o<br />
societate <strong>de</strong> tip mo<strong>de</strong>rnist intr-o societate <strong>de</strong> tip postmo<strong>de</strong>rnism ,<br />
postmo<strong>de</strong>rnismul constituind , in fapt un nou stadiu al societatii <strong>si</strong> al istoriei , un<br />
stadiu ce are nevoie <strong>de</strong> noi concepte <strong>si</strong> <strong>de</strong>zvoltari teoretice.Postmo<strong>de</strong>rnismul ia<br />
mare amploare <strong>si</strong> in scurt timp <strong>de</strong>vine un important curent <strong>de</strong> gandire al lumii<br />
contemporane.De curentul postmo<strong>de</strong>rnism <strong>si</strong> <strong>de</strong> generozitatea acestuia s-au<br />
realizat tot felul <strong>de</strong> manifestari , <strong>de</strong> la cele feministe la experimentele sexuale , <strong>de</strong><br />
la libertatea unor manifestari pseudo-religioase la interpretari aberante ale<br />
ritualurilor funerare.<br />
Revista Trivium 134