International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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184 IPY 20 07–20 08 48(1): 5-21. Dickson, R. R., S. Dye, S. Jónsson, A. Köhl, A. Macrander, M. Marnela, J. Meincke, S. Olsen, B. Rudels, H. Valdimarsson and G. Voet, 2008. The overflow flux west of Iceland: variability, origins and forcing. In Arctic Sub-Arctic Ocean fluxes: Defining the role of the Northern Seas in Climate, R. Dickson, J. Meincke and P. Rhines (eds). Springer, p. 443-474. Dickson, R.R., Meincke, J. and Rhines, P. (eds), 2008. Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate. Springer: 734pp. Dickson, R.R., 2009. The integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System in 2008. 82pp.; available from www.aosb.org. Dickson, R.R. and E. Fahrbach, 2010. Observing Our Northern Seas during the IPY. What was achieved, what have we learned, where do we go from here? A Report of the Arctic Ocean Science Board and of the IPY Joint Committee. AOSB, 36 pp. http://aosb. arcticportal.org/pdf/AOSB-JC.pdf Dodd P.A., K.J. Heywood, M.P. Meredith, A.C. Naveira- Garabato, A.D. Marca and K.K. Falkner, 2009. Sources and fate of freshwater exported in the East Greenland Current. Geophys Res Lttrs, 36, L19608, doi:10.1029/2009GL039663. Dulvy N.K., S.I. Rogers, S. Jennings, V. Stelzenmüller, S. R. Dye and H-R. Skjoldal, 2008. Climate change and deepening of the North Sea fish assemblage: a biotic indicator of regional warming. J. Applied Ecology, 45:1029-1039. Edwards, M. and A.J. Richardson, 2004. Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch. Nature, 430:881-884. Ellingsen I.H., P. Dalpadado, D. Slagstad and H. Loeng, 2008. Impact of climatic change on the biological production in the Barents Sea. Climatic Change, 87:155-175 DOI 10.1007/s10584-007-9369-6 Environmental WG Report 1997. Falkner, K.K., M.C. O’Brien, E.C. Carmack, F.A. McLaughlin, H. Melling, A. Münchow and E.P. Jones, in revision. Implications of nutrient variability in passages of the Canadian Archipelago and Baffin Bay for fresh water through-flow and local productivity. Journal of Geophysical Research. Falkner, K.K., M.C. O’Brien, E.C. Carmack, F.A. McLaughlin, H. Melling, A. Münchow and E.P. Jones, submitted. Interannual variability of dissolved nutrients in the Canadian Archipelago and Baffin Bay with implications for freshwater flux. Journal of Geophysical Research. Gjøsæter H., 1998. The population biology and exploitation of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the Barents Sea. Sarsia, 83:453–496. Grebmeier, J. M., J. E. Overland, S. E. Moore, E. V. Farley, E. C. Carmack, L. W. Cooper, K. E. Frey, J. H. Helle, F. A. McLaughlin and S. L. McNutt, 2006. A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea. Science, 311:1461–1464. Hannah, C.G., F. Dupont, and M. Dunphy, 2009. Polynyas and Tidal Currents in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Arctic, 62(1), 83-95 Harris M.P., D Beare, R. Toresen, L. Nøttestad, M. Kloppmann, H. Dörner, K. Peach, D.R.A. Rushton, J. Foster-Smith and S. Wanless, 2007. A major increase in snake pipefish (Entelurus aequoreus) in northern European seas since 2003: potential implications for seabird breeding success. Mar. Biol. (2007) 151:973-98. Holliday N.P., S.L. Hughes, A. Lavin, K.A. Mork, G. Nolan, W. Walcowski and A. Breszczynska-Moller, 2007. The end of a trend? The progression of unusually warm and saline water from the eastern North Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean. CLIVAR Exchanges 12(1)pp 19-20 + figs. Hunt, G.L., Jr., P. Stabeno, G. Walters, E. Sinclair, R.D. Brodeur, J.M. Napp and N.A. Bond, 2002. Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem. Deep Sea Research Part II, 49:5821-5853. Huse, G. and I. Ellingsen, 2008. Capelin migrations and climate change – a modelling analysis. Climatic Change, 87, 177-197. Inoue J. and T. Kikuchi, 2007. Outflow of summertime arctic sea ice observed by ice drifting buoys and its linkage with ice reduction and atmospheric circulation Patterns. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 85(6):881-887. Jackson, J. M., E. C. Carmack, F. A. McLaughlin, S. E. Allen and R. G. Ingram, in press. Identification, characterization and change of the near-surface temperature maximum in the Canada Basin, 1993-2008 J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2009JC005265. Johnson, K.S., et al., 2007. Developing standards for dissolved iron in seawater. Eos, 88 (11):131–132.
Karcher M., F. Kauker, R. Gerdes, E. Hunke and J. Zhang, 2007. On the dynamics of Atlantic Water circulation in the Arctic Ocean J. Geophys. Res 112:C04S02, doi:10.1029/2006JC003630. Karcher M., A. Beszczynska-Möller, F. Kauker, R. Gerdes, S. Heyen, B. Rudels and U. Schauer, unpubl. Weakening of Atlantic Overturning as a consequence of Arctic Ocean Warming. Kikuchi T., J. Inoue and D. Langevin, 2007. Argo-type profiling float observations under the Arctic multiyear ice. Deep-Sea Research I, 54:1675–1686. Kliem, N. and D.A. Greenberg, 2003. Diagnostic Simulations of the Summer Circulation in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Atmosphere-Ocean 41(4):273– 289. Krishfield, R., J. Toole, A. Proshutinsky and M.L. Timmermans, 2008. Automated Ice-Tethered Profilers for Seawater Observations under Pack Ice in All Seasons. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25:2091–2105. Leu, E., S. Falk-Petersen, S. Kwasniewski, A. Wulff, K. Edvardsen and D. Hessen, 2006. Fatty acid dynamics druring the spring bloom in a High Arctic fjord: importance of abiotic factors versus community changes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63:2760-2779. Llinas, L., R.S. Pickart, J.T. Mathis and S.L. Smith, 2008. Zooplankton inside an Arctic ocean cold core eddy: probable origin and fate. Deep Sea Res. II, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.020. Lovvorn J.R., S. E. Richman, J.M. Grebmeier and L.W. Cooper, 2003. Diet and Body Condition of Spectacled Eiders in Pack Ice of the Bering Sea, Polar Biology, 26:259-267. Mauritzen C. + 41 co-authors., submitted. Closing the Loop – Approaches to monitoring the state of the Arctic Mediterranean during the International Polar Year 2007–2008. Prog. Oceanogr. special volume “Arctic Marine Ecosystems in an Era of Rapid Climate Change”. Maykut, G.A. and M.G. McPhee, 1995. Solar heating of the Arctic mixed layer J. Geophys. Res., 100(24):691- 24,703. Melle, W. and H. Skjoldal, 1998. Reproduction and development of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in the Barents Sea. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 169:211-228. Melling H., T. Agnew, K. Falkner, D. Greenberg, C. Lee, A. Muenchow, B. Petrie, S. Prinsenberg, R. Samelsen and R. Woodgate, 2008. Fresh-water fluxes via Pacific and Arctic Outflows across the Canadian Polar Shelf. In Arctic Sub-Arctic Ocean fluxes: Defining the role of the Northern Seas in Climate, R. Dickson, J. Meincke and P. Rhines (eds). Springer: p193-248. Mork K.A. and Ø. Skagseth, 2009. Volume, heat, and freshwater fluxes towards the Arctic from combined altimetry and hydrography in the Norwegian Sea, Ocean Sci. Discuss., 6:2357–2388, www. ocean-sci-discuss.net/6/2357/2009/. Morison, J., J.Wahr, R.Kwok and C. Peralta-Ferriz, 2007. Recent trends in Arctic Ocean mass distribution revealed by GRACE, Geophys. Lett. 34, L07602, doi:IO1029/2006 GL029016 Muench, R.D., J.T. Gunn, T.E. Withledge, P. Schlosser and W. Smethie, 2000. An Arctic Ocean cold core eddy. J. Geophys. Res., 105:23 997-24 006. Münchow, A., K.K. Falkner and H. Melling, 2007. Spatial continuity of measured seawater and tracer fluxes through Nares Strait, a dynamically wide channel within the Canadian Archipelago. Journal of Marine Research, 65: 759-788. Mueter F.J.and M.A. Litzow, 2008. Sea Ice retreat alters the biogeography of the Bering Sea continental shelf. Ecological Applications, 18(2):309–320. Orvik, K.A., Ø. Skagseth and M. Mork, 2001. Atlantic inflow to the Nordic Seas: current structure and volume fluxes from moored current meters, VM- ADCP and SeaSoar-CTD observations, 1995–1999. Deep-Sea Res. I, 48(4):937-957. Overland, J.E., M. Wang and S. Salo, 2008. The recent Arctic warm period. Tellus, Ser A, 60:589-597. Pabi, S., G.L. van Dijken and K.R. Arrigo, 2008. Primary Production in the Arctic Ocean, 1998- 2006. J. Geophys. Res.113, C08005, doi:10.1029/ 2007JC004578,2008. Perry, A. L., P. J. Low, J. R. Ellis and J. D. Reynolds, 2005. Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308:1912–1915. Polyakov I.V., A. Beszczynska, E. Carmack, I. Dmitrenko, E. Fahrbach, I. Frolov, R. Gerdes, E. Hansen, J. Holfort, V. Ivanov, M. Johnson, M. Karcher, F. Kauker, J. Morison, K. Orvik, U. Schauer, H. Simmons, Ø. Skagseth, V. Sokolov, M. Steele, L. Timkhov, D. Walsh and J. Walsh, 2005. One more step toward a warmer Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17605, s C I e n C e P r o g r a m 185
Page 1:
Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
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xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
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2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
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4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
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Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
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10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
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Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
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Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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18 IPY 20 07-20 08 Cooperation.’
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20 IPY 20 07-20 08 decades (1950-19
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22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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24 IPY 20 07-20 08 World Data Cente
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26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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28 IPY 20 07-20 08 23 Berkner’s l
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Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
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Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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34 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1 Neumayer D
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Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
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38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
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40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
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42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
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44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
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46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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48 IPY 20 07-20 08 Notes 1 Andreev
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50 IPY 20 07-20 08 nations needed t
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52 IPY 20 07-20 08 ICSU and WMO Pro
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54 IPY 20 07-20 08 Thiede for SCAR,
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56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
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Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
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60 IPY 20 07-20 08 established by 1
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62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
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Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
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Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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68 IPY 20 07-20 08 3 To the nine me
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70 IPY 20 07-20 08 multi-disciplina
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Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
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74 IPY 20 07-20 08 to understand th
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Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
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78 IPY 20 07-20 08 International Po
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80 IPY 20 07-20 08 experts who atte
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82 IPY 20 07-20 08 and recognized I
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84 IPY 20 07-20 08 References IASC
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86 IPY 20 07-20 08 ATCM References
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88 IPY 20 07-20 08 best expertise f
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90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
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92 IPY 20 07-20 08 support from Nor
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94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
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96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
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98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
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100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
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Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
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106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
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Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
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Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
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116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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Page 162 and 163: 136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
Page 164 and 165: Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
Page 166 and 167: 140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
Page 168 and 169: Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
Page 170 and 171: Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
Page 172 and 173: 146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
Page 174 and 175: 148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
Page 176 and 177: 150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
Page 178 and 179: 152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
Page 180 and 181: 154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
Page 182 and 183: Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
Page 184 and 185: Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
Page 186 and 187: Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
Page 188 and 189: 162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
Page 190 and 191: 164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
Page 192 and 193: 166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
Page 194 and 195: 168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
Page 196 and 197: 170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
Page 198 and 199: 172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
Page 200 and 201: Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
Page 202 and 203: 176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
Page 204 and 205: 178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
Page 206 and 207: Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
Page 208 and 209: Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
Page 212 and 213: 186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
Page 214 and 215: Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
Page 216 and 217: Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
Page 218 and 219: Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
Page 220 and 221: 194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
Page 222 and 223: Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
Page 224 and 225: Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
Page 226 and 227: 200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
Page 228 and 229: Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
Page 230 and 231: 204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
Page 232 and 233: Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
Page 234 and 235: Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
Page 236 and 237: 210 IPY 20 07-20 08 tions and Infor
Page 238 and 239: 212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
Page 240 and 241: 214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
Page 242 and 243: 216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
Page 244 and 245: 218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
Page 246 and 247: Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
Page 248 and 249: 222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
Page 250 and 251: Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
Page 254 and 255: 228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
Page 256 and 257: Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
Page 258 and 259: 232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
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234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
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236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
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238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
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240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
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242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
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Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
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246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
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Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
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250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
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252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
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254 IPY 20 07-20 08 Masolov V.N., S
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Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
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258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
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Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
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Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
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264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
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266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
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268 IPY 20 07-20 08 Permafrost in t
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270 IPY 20 07-20 08 Engineers Offic
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272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
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Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
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276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
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278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
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Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
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Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
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284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
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286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
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288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
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290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
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292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
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Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
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296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
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Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
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300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
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302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
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304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
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Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
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308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
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310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
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Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
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314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
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316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
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318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
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Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
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322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
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370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
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Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
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Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
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Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
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Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
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Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
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500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
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504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
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506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
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508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
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514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
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Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
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530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
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Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
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534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
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538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
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540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
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542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
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544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
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Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
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552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
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554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
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556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
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Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
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560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
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Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
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Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
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570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
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Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
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576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
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578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
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Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
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586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
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Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
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592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
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594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
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596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
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598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
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600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
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602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
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604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
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612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
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614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
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Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
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Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
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622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
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624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
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628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
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Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
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632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
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634 IPY 20 07-20 08
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636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
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638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
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640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
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642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
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644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
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650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
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652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
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654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
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656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
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658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
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660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
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662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
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Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
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Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
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668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
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670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
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672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
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674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
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676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
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678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
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680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
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682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
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684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
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686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
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688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
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690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
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692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
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694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
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698 The International Polar Year (I
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