International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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48 IPY 20 07–20 08 Notes 1 Andreev et al., 2007; Bell, 2008; ICSU PG, 2004; IOC, 2004; Stirling, 2007; Summerhayes, 2008; Tsaturov et al., 2005. 2 Unfortunately, no traces of that correspondence have yet been recovered. 3 In their memoirs about ‘early IPY years,’ Robin Bell, Robert Bindschadler, Chris Elfring, Chris Rapley, Jörn Thiede independently alluded to the longing for a major innovative and unifying program in polar research that was common around 1998–2000. 4 Several people instrumental to the eGY, such as Paul Berkman, Mark Parsons, Alan Roger, were also active in IPY 2007–2008. 5 At that time, Chilingarov was the Deputy Chairman of the Russian State Duma (lower chamber of the Russian Parliament). Some Russian sources (Andreev et al., 2007:97; Khronika, 2007) erroneously cite 25 October 2002 as the date of Chilngarov’s statement in Brussels. 6 Report on the Brussels workshop was published online by Stanley Morris, Director of the IPSC (Institute of the Protection and Security of the Citizen) under the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy. It was posted on the website of the Arctic Council, Senior Arctic Officials (http://arctic-council.npolar.no/Meetings/SAO/2001%20Es/11_3sao.pdf). It also marked the first intervention of Stanley Morris and his Institute of the Protection and Security of the Citizen in the Russian IPY process. The IPSC has no stake in polar research, as its activities are focused primarily on external security, agriculture, maritime affairs and nuclear safeguards (http://ipsc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/activities.php?id=1). 7 Chilingarov’s letter was addressed to Barry McSweeney, Director-General, DG Joint Research Center; Guy Legras, Director-General, DG External Relations; Francois Lamoreux, Director-General, Transport and Energy; Jean-Froncois Verstrynge, DG Environment; and Achilleas Mitsos, Director-General, DG Research (copy in Russian, with English translation in Chris Rapley’s files). 8 The first IPY-related website was launched by the IHY group at http://ipy.gsfc.nasa.gov and http://ihy.gsfc.nasa.gov in early 2002 and by early 2003 several other IPY-focused websites were running, such as www.nationalacademies.org/prb/ipy, www.eoss.org/ igy.htm, www.polarcom.gc.ca/polaryear.htm, and a Russian IPY site at www.polarf.ru. 9 Later in 2002, Rapley was also tasked to be the liaison in the IPY planning for the European Polar Board (EPB) then chaired by Thiede. The idea was to have some key advocates representing several organizations participating in the same process, something that the IGY planners (e.g. Chapman, Berkner, and others) used very successfully in their early process. 10 Fae Korsmo, Robert Bindschadler, Phil Smith and Stephanie Pfirman. 11 The joint ACSYS-CliC Steering Group was established in 2000 “to formulate and guide the ACSYS observational and modeling programs for determining Arctic climate processes and realistic representation of the Arctic region in global climate models” – see http://acsys.npolar.no/introduction/impplan/tor.php#SSG. 12 This was perhaps the earliest known reference to having two organizations, ICSU and WMO, as prospective supporters of the IPY. It came naturally from ACSYS/CliC, which is a joint venture launched by ICSU, WMO, and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). 13 The original is in the ICSU Archives. A shorter version of the proposal was posted in September 2003 on SCAR website – see: www. scar.org/ipy/approachworkplan.html. 14 See English copy: www.ipy-api.ca/english/documents/e_int_russian_ipy_concept.pdf. 15 In fact, the draft text for inclusion in the 14th WMO Congress agenda was submitted on 11 April 2003, that is two weeks prior to the official endorsement of the IPY proposal by the Russian Academy of Sciences. 16 In the next few weeks, the information on the WMO approval of the Russian proposal was systematically disseminated out of the IPSC office in Ispra to the polar scientists and agency officials worldwide. Various copies of the WMO documents were later posted on various websites, e.g. www.ipy-api.ca/english/documents/e_int_declaration_from_un.pdf. 17 Chris Rapley (Chair, U.K.), Robin Bell (Vice-Chair, U.S.A.), Ian Allison (Australia), Robert Bindshadler (U.S.A.), Steve Chown (South Africa), Gérard Duhaime (Canada), Vladimir Kotlyakov (Russia), Olav Orheim (Norway), Zhanghai Zhan (China), an appropriate representative of India and of Latin America, nominees (one each) of IUGS and IUGG, and Science Programme Leaders as these are appointed (5-6 envisaged). 18 It should be noted that SCAR is an Interdisciplinary body of ICSU and IASC is ICSU’s Associate member. IUGG and IGUS are Members as is the U.S. National Academies (in this case represented by the PRB). 19 The idea of the truly ‘modern’ character of this IPY was raised in many early presentations (Berkman, 2003) and is specifically addressed in Elzinga (2009), Korsmo (2010), and Stirling (2007).
1.3 Early Planning for IPY: July 2003–December 2004 Lead Authors: Igor Krupnik, Cynan Ellis-Evans and Chris Elfring Contributing Authors: Robin Bell, Robert Bindschadler, Chris Rapley and Eduard Sarukhanian Reviewers: Ian Allison, Leah Goldfarb and Ludger Müller-Wille The ‘planning phase’ for IPY 2007–2008 began in earnest in July–August 2003, in the midst of the boreal summer break and with many Arctic scientists gone to their field sites. That the IPY planners significantly advanced the fledging concept during that time is a tribute to their energy and dedication. Intense meetings and assignments completed in the wee hours of the night built momentum so that major events that required extensive preparation could be scheduled in a matter of weeks, not months. In 2003 and, again, in 2004, that strategy and effort paid off. PG-1 Meeting: July 2003 The first meeting of the IPY Planning Group (PG-1) was held 31 July - 2 August, 2003 in Paris at the ICSU headquarters (see http://classic.ipy.org/international/ documents/). The group was small (ten participants only). 1 Nonetheless, the PG leaders, Chris Rapley and Robin Bell decided that an actual meeting, even if small, was sufficient to make an effective start to the formal planning for IPY and would lend muchneeded credibility. Holding the meeting at ICSU sent a message that IPY was intended as an international, science-focused effort. The convened members believed it essential to move as quickly as possible to demonstrate that a new planning body could provide leadership and vision, and bring many nations and participants together around the IPY idea (Box 1: PG Terms of Reference). The aims of the meeting were to develop a shared vision of the goals of new IPY, develop selection criteria by which projects could be judged to see whether they were IPY relevant activities, identify and begin taking steps to ensure coordination with other relevant bodies and activities, and take steps to encourage nations to organize some group or point PA R T O N E : PL A N N I N G A N D I M PLEMEN T I N G I PY 20 07–20 0 8 of contact to facilitate IPY planning at the national level. The PG team worked to articulate clear answers to some fundamental questions about the nature of IPY 2007–2008 – Why polar? Why international? Why a year? There was easy consensus, encouraged by ICSU, on some of the key elements that would come to define IPY: that it would involve both poles, that it would be multi-disciplinary and that it would be truly international. From the outset, the planners were influenced by many elements viewed as legacy of the previous International Geophysical Year (IGY) 1957–1958 (Chapter 1.1). Three key themes were identified as a starting point to gather community input: Exploring new frontiers, Understanding change at the poles and Decoding polar processes. Even at this first meeting, the importance of education and outreach in the new IPY was stressed by calling it a “remarkable opportunity” to train the next generation of polar scientists and engage the public in the excitement of polar science. Plans were made to start on a draft science plan to ICSU that would be needed before the ICSU Executive Board meeting in February 2004. The group noted that there were other incipient efforts to celebrate the 50th anniversary of IGY, each with a different emphasis. It deliberated on the importance of coordinating with other bodies and activities (e.g. UNESCO’s International Year of Planet Earth). There was significant debate on how to work with the WMO on its IPY initiative and how to coordinate with the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) if it turned into a separate activity. It was agreed that this IPY should be open and inclusive (and the phrase “let a thousand flowers bloom” was eagerly invoked). The Planning Group knew that for implementation to happen, individual scientists, science societies and P l a n n I n g a n d I m P l e m e n t I n g I P Y 2 0 0 7–2 0 0 8 49
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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Page 32 and 33: Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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Page 36 and 37: 10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
Page 38 and 39: Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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Page 42 and 43: Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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Page 48 and 49: 22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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Page 52 and 53: 26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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Page 56 and 57: Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
Page 58 and 59: Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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Page 62 and 63: Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
Page 64 and 65: 38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
Page 66 and 67: 40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
Page 68 and 69: 42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
Page 70 and 71: 44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
Page 72 and 73: 46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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Page 84 and 85: Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
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Page 90 and 91: Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
Page 92 and 93: Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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Page 98 and 99: Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
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Page 102 and 103: Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
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Page 116 and 117: 90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
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Page 120 and 121: 94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
Page 122 and 123: 96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
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98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
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100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
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Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
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106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
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Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
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Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
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116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
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136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
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Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
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140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
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Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
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Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
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146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
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148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
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150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
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152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
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154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
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Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
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Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
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Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
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162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
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164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
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166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
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168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
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170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
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172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
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Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
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176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
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178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
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Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
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Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
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184 IPY 20 07-20 08 48(1): 5-21. Di
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186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
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Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
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Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
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Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
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194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
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Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
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Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
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200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
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Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
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204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
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Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
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Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
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210 IPY 20 07-20 08 tions and Infor
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212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
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214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
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216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
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218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
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Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
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222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
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Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
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Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
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228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
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Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
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232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
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234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
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236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
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238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
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240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
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242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
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Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
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246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
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Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
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250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
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252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
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254 IPY 20 07-20 08 Masolov V.N., S
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Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
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258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
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Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
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Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
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264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
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266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
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268 IPY 20 07-20 08 Permafrost in t
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270 IPY 20 07-20 08 Engineers Offic
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272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
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Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
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276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
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278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
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Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
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Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
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284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
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286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
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288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
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290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
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292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
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Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
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296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
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Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
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300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
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302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
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304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
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Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
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308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
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310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
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Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
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314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
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316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
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318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
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Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
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322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
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370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
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Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
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Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
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Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
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Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
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Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
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500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
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504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
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506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
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508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
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514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
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Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
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530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
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Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
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534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
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538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
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540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
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542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
Page 570 and 571:
544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
Page 576 and 577:
Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
Page 578 and 579:
552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
Page 580 and 581:
554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
Page 582 and 583:
556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
Page 584 and 585:
Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
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560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
Page 588 and 589:
Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
Page 592 and 593:
Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
Page 596 and 597:
570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
Page 598 and 599:
Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
Page 602 and 603:
576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
Page 604 and 605:
578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
Page 606 and 607:
Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
Page 612 and 613:
586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
Page 614 and 615:
Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
Page 618 and 619:
592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
Page 620 and 621:
594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
Page 622 and 623:
596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
Page 624 and 625:
598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
Page 626 and 627:
600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
Page 628 and 629:
602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
Page 630 and 631:
604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
Page 638 and 639:
612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
Page 640 and 641:
614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
Page 642 and 643:
Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
Page 646 and 647:
Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
Page 648 and 649:
622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
Page 650 and 651:
624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
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628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
Page 656 and 657:
Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
Page 658 and 659:
632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
Page 660 and 661:
634 IPY 20 07-20 08
Page 662 and 663:
636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
Page 664 and 665:
638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
Page 666 and 667:
640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
Page 668 and 669:
642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
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644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
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Page 674 and 675:
Page 676 and 677:
650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
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652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
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654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
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656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
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658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
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660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
Page 688 and 689:
662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
Page 690 and 691:
Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
Page 692 and 693:
Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
Page 694 and 695:
668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
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670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
Page 698 and 699:
672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
Page 700 and 701:
674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
Page 702 and 703:
676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
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678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
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680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
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682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
Page 710 and 711:
684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
Page 712 and 713:
686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
Page 714 and 715:
688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
Page 716 and 717:
690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
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692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
Page 720 and 721:
694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
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International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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