International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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210 IPY 20 07–20 08 tions and Information for Society” Conference (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, J. Hall, D.E. Harrison and D. Stammer (eds), ESA Publication WPP-306, accepted. Böning, C.W., A. Dispert, M. Visbeck, S. Rintoul and F.U. Schwarzkopf, 2008. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change. Nature Geoscience, 1:864 – 869. Boutin, J., L. Merlivat, C. Hénocq, N. Martin and J.B. Sallée, 2008. Air–sea CO 2 flux variability in frontal regions of the Southern Ocean from CARbon Interface OCean Atmosphere drifters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(5, part 2):2062–2079. Bowie, A. R., D. Lannuzel, T.A. Remenyi, T. Wagener, P.J. Lam, P.W. Boyd, C. Guieu, A.T. Townsend and T.W. Trull, 2009. Biogeochemical iron budgets of the Southern Ocean south of Australia: Decoupling of iron and nutrient cycles in the subantarctic zone by the summertime supply. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 23:GB4034, doi:10.1029/2009GB003500. Brandt, A. and B. Ebbe, 2009. Southern Ocean deepsea biodiversity – from patterns to processes. Deep-Sea Research II, 56: 1732-1738, doi:10.1016/ j.dsr2.2009.05.017. Brandt, A., Gooday, A.J., Brix S.B., Brökeland, W., Cedhagen, T., Choudhury, M., Cornelius, N., B. Danis, I. De Mesel, R.J. Diaz, D.C. Gillan, B. Ebbe, J. Howe, D. Janussen, S. Kaiser, K. Linse, M. Malyutina, S. Brandao, J. Pawlowski and M. Raupach, 2007. The Southern Ocean deep sea: first insights into biodiversity and biogeography. Nature, 447:307-311. Charrassin, J.B., M. Hindell, S.R. Rintoul, F. Roquet, S. Sokolov, M. Biuw, D. Costa, L. Boehme, P. Lovell, R. Coleman, R. Timmermann, A. Meijers, M. Meredith, Y.H. Park, F. Bailleul, M. Goebel, Y. Tremblay, C.A. Bost, C.R. McMahon, I.C. Field, M.A. Fedak and C. Guinet, 2008. Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea-ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, 105:11634-11639, doi:R 11610.11073/pnas.0800790105. Chavanne, C., K. Heywood, K. Nicholls, I. Fer and M. Inall, submitted. Observations of the Antarctic Coastal Undercurrent in the Southeastern Weddell Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett.. Chever, F., E. Bucciarelli, G. Sarthou, S. Speich, M. Arhan, P. Penven and A. Tagliabue, 2010. Iron physical speciation in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a transect from the subtropical domain to the Weddell Sea Gyre. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 115: C10059. Clarke, A., W.E. Arntz and C.R. Smith (eds), 2006. EASIZ: Ecology of the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone. Special Issue, Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 53(8-10):803-1140. Convey, P., R. Bindschadler, G. di Prisco, E. Fahrbach, J. Gutt, D.A. Hodgson, P.A. Mayewski, C.P. Summerhayes, J. Turner and the ACCE Consortium, 2009. Antarctic climate change and the environment. Antarctic Science, 21(6):541-563. Cossa D., E. Butler, L.-E. Heimbürger, B. Averty, A.R. Bowie, R. Watson, T. Remenyi and S. Rintoul, submitted. Source of elevated methylmercury concentrations in Antarctic waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Costa, D.P., J.M. Klinck, E.E. Hofmann, M.S. Dinniman and J.M. Burns, 2008. Upper ocean variability in West Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters as measured using instrumented seals. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55:323-337. Craven, M., I. Allison, H.A. Fricker et al., 2009. Properties of a marine ice layer under the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 55:717-728. Cubillos, J.C., S.W. Wright, G. Nash, M.F.D. Salas, B. Griffiths, B. Tilbrook, A. Poisson and G.M. Hallegraeff, 2007. Calcification morphotypes of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 248:47-54. Dieckmann, G.S. et al., 2008. Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35:L08501, doi:10.1029/2008GL033540. Dominguez, C. and Eraso, A. 2007. Substantial changes happened during the last years in the icecap of King George, Insular Antarctica. Karst and Criokarst, Studies of the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, 45:87-110. Dong, S., J. Sprintall, S.T. Gille and L. Talley, 2008. Southern Ocean mixed-layer depth from Argo float profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 113:C06013, doi:10.1029/2006JC004051. Ellwood, M.J., 2008. Wintertime trace metal (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Co) and nutrient distributions in the Subantarctic Zone between 40–52°S; 155–160°E.
Marine Chemistry, 112 (1-2): 107-117, doi:10.1016/j. marchem.2008.07.008. Evans, C., I. Pearce and C.P.D. Brussaard, 2009. Viralmediated lysis of microbes and carbon release in the sub-Antarctic and Polar Frontal zones of the Australian Southern Ocean. Environmental Microbiology, 11(11):2924-2934, Doi:10.1111/j.1462- 2920.2009.05050.x. Evans, C., P.G. Thomson, A.T. Davidson, R. van den Enden, H. Witte and C.P.D. Brussaard, in review. Microbial biogeography of the Australian Southern Ocean during the SAZ-Sense. Deep Sea Research II. Fahrbach, E., O. Boebel, M. Hoppema, O. Klatt, G. Rohardt and A. Wisotzki, 2009. Evidence of Decadal Fluctuations in the Water Mass Properties in the Weddell Sea, MOCA-09, Montreal, Canada, 20-29 July. Fahrbach, E. and H. de Baar, 2010. The Expedition of the Research Vessel Polarstern to the Antarctic in 2008 (ANT-XXIV/3), Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 606, 232 p. Fahrbach, E, M. Hoppema, G. Rohardt, O. Boebel, O. Klatt and A. Wisotzki, submitted. Warming of deep and abyssal water masses along the Greenwich meridian on decadal time-scale: The Weddell gyre as a heat buffer, Deep-Sea Research II. Fukamachi, Y., S.R. Rintoul, J.A. Church, S. Aoki, S. Sokolov, M. Rosenberg and M. Wakatsuchi, 2010. Strong export of Antarctic Bottom Water east of the Kerguelen Plateau. Nature Geoscience, published on-line 25 April 2010. Giles, K.A., S.W. Laxon and A.P. Worby, 2008. Antarctic sea ice elevation from satellite radar altimetry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35:L03503, doi:10.1029/2007GL031572. Gille, S.T., 2008. Decadal-scale temperature trends in the Southern Hemisphere Ocean. Journal of Climate, 16:4749-4765. Gloor, M., N. Gruber, J.L. Sarmiento, C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely and C. Rödenbeck, 2003. A first estimate of present and preindustrial air-sea CO 2 flux patterns based on ocean interior carbon measurements and models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(1):1010, 10.1029/2002GL015594. Gordon, A.L., B. Huber, D. McKee and M. Visbeck, 2010. A seasonal cycle in the export of bottom water from the Weddell Sea, Nature Geoscience, 3, 551-556, 10.1038/ngeo916 Griffiths, H.J., D.K.A. Barnes and K. Linse, 2009. Towards a generalised biogeography of the Southern Ocean benthos. J. Biogeography, 36:162-177, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01979.x. Gutt, J., 2008. The Expedition ANT-XXIII/8 of the Research Vessel Polarstern in 2006/2007, Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 569, 152 p. Hauck, J., M. Hoppema, R.G.J. Bellerby, C. Völker and D. Wolf-Gladrow, in press. Data-based estimation of anthropogenic carbon and acidification in the Weddell Sea on a decadal time scale. J. Geophys. Res. Hedgpeth, J.W., 1969. Introduction to Antarctic Zoogeography. Antarctic Map Folio Series. New York. Heywood, K.J., A.F. Thompson and E. Fahrbach, 2009. Changes in the Weddell Sea Outflow, MOCA-09, Montreal, Canada, 20-29 July, 2009. Hibbert, A., H. Leach, P.L. Woodworth, C.W. Hughes and V.M. Roussenov, 2010. Quasi-biennial modulation of the Southern Ocean coherent mode. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 136:755-768. Hoppema, M., 2004. Weddell Sea turned from source to sink for atmospheric CO 2 between pre-industrial time and present. Global and Planetary Change, 40:219-231. Jacobs, S.S., 2006. Observations of change in the Southern Ocean. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. America, 364:1657- 1681. Jenkins, A., P. Dutrieux, S.S. Jacobs, S.D. McPhail, J.R. Perrett, A.T. Webb, D. White, 2010. Observations beneath Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica and implications for its retreat. Nature Geoscience, 3:468-472. Johnson, G.C. and S.C. Doney, 2006a. Recent western South Atlantic bottom water warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33:L14614, doi:10.1029/2006GL026769. Johnson, G.C. and S.C. Doney, 2006b. Correction to Recent western South Atlantic bottom water warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33:L21604, doi:10.1029/2006GL028294. Johnson, G.C., S. Mecking, B.M. Sloyan and S.E. Wijffels, 2007. Recent bottom water warming in the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Climate, 20: 5365-5375. Johnson, K.S. et al., 2007. Developing standards for dis- s C I e n C e P r o g r a m 211
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
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xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
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2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
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4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
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Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
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10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
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Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
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Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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18 IPY 20 07-20 08 Cooperation.’
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20 IPY 20 07-20 08 decades (1950-19
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22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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24 IPY 20 07-20 08 World Data Cente
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26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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28 IPY 20 07-20 08 23 Berkner’s l
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Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
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Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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34 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1 Neumayer D
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Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
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38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
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40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
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42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
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44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
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46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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48 IPY 20 07-20 08 Notes 1 Andreev
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50 IPY 20 07-20 08 nations needed t
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52 IPY 20 07-20 08 ICSU and WMO Pro
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54 IPY 20 07-20 08 Thiede for SCAR,
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56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
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Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
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60 IPY 20 07-20 08 established by 1
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62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
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Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
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Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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68 IPY 20 07-20 08 3 To the nine me
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70 IPY 20 07-20 08 multi-disciplina
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Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
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74 IPY 20 07-20 08 to understand th
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Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
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78 IPY 20 07-20 08 International Po
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80 IPY 20 07-20 08 experts who atte
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82 IPY 20 07-20 08 and recognized I
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84 IPY 20 07-20 08 References IASC
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86 IPY 20 07-20 08 ATCM References
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88 IPY 20 07-20 08 best expertise f
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90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
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92 IPY 20 07-20 08 support from Nor
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94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
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96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
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98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
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100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
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Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
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106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
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Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
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Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
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116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
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136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
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Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
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140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
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Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
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Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
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146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
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148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
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150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
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152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
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154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
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Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
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Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
Page 186 and 187: Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
Page 188 and 189: 162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
Page 190 and 191: 164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
Page 192 and 193: 166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
Page 194 and 195: 168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
Page 196 and 197: 170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
Page 198 and 199: 172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
Page 200 and 201: Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
Page 202 and 203: 176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
Page 204 and 205: 178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
Page 206 and 207: Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
Page 208 and 209: Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
Page 210 and 211: 184 IPY 20 07-20 08 48(1): 5-21. Di
Page 212 and 213: 186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
Page 214 and 215: Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
Page 216 and 217: Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
Page 218 and 219: Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
Page 220 and 221: 194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
Page 222 and 223: Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
Page 224 and 225: Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
Page 226 and 227: 200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
Page 228 and 229: Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
Page 230 and 231: 204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
Page 232 and 233: Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
Page 234 and 235: Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
Page 238 and 239: 212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
Page 240 and 241: 214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
Page 242 and 243: 216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
Page 244 and 245: 218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
Page 246 and 247: Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
Page 248 and 249: 222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
Page 250 and 251: Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
Page 254 and 255: 228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
Page 256 and 257: Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
Page 258 and 259: 232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
Page 260 and 261: 234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
Page 262 and 263: 236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
Page 264 and 265: 238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
Page 266 and 267: 240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
Page 268 and 269: 242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
Page 272 and 273: 246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
Page 274 and 275: Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
Page 276 and 277: 250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
Page 278 and 279: 252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
Page 280 and 281: 254 IPY 20 07-20 08 Masolov V.N., S
Page 282 and 283: Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
Page 284 and 285: 258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
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Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
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Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
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264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
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266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
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268 IPY 20 07-20 08 Permafrost in t
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270 IPY 20 07-20 08 Engineers Offic
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272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
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Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
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276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
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278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
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Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
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Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
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284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
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286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
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288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
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290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
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292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
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Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
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296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
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Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
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300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
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302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
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304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
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Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
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308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
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310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
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Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
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314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
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316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
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318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
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Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
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322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
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370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
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Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
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Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
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Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
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Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
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Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
Page 526 and 527:
500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
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504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
Page 532 and 533:
506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
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508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
Page 540 and 541:
514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
Page 548 and 549:
Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
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530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
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Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
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534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
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538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
Page 566 and 567:
540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
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542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
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544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
Page 576 and 577:
Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
Page 578 and 579:
552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
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554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
Page 582 and 583:
556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
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Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
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560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
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Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
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Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
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570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
Page 598 and 599:
Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
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576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
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578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
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Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
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586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
Page 614 and 615:
Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
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592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
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594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
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596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
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598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
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600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
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602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
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604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
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612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
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614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
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Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
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Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
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622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
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624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
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628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
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Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
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632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
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634 IPY 20 07-20 08
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636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
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638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
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640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
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642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
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644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
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650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
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652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
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654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
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656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
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658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
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660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
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662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
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Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
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Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
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668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
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670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
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672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
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674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
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676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
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678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
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680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
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682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
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684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
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686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
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688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
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690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
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692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
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694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
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