International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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270 IPY 20 07–20 08 Engineers Office, Strategic Engineering Study, Special Report No. 62, 136 p. (Reprinted in 1947, J.W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 231 p). Navas A., J. López-Martínez, J. Casas, J. Machín, J.J. Durán, E. Serrano, J.A. Cuchí and S. Mink, 2008. Soil characteristics on varying lithology substract in the South Shetland islands, maritime Antarctica. Geoderma, 144:123-139. Nel, W., J. Boelhouwers and M. Zilindile, in press. Exploring the temporal scale measurements required to detect climate change in a diurnal frost environment: Observations from sub- Antarctic Marion Island. Geografiska Annaler. Nelson, F.E., N.I. Shiklomanov, K.M. Hinkel and J. Brown, 2008. Decadal results from the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 2:1273-1280. O’Neill, T. A. and M.R. Balks 2008. Irreversible damage? Human activity, cumulative impacts and recovery rates of the Antarctic soil environment. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks:229. Overduin, P.P. and N., Couture eds., 2007. The 6th ACD Workshop, 22-26 October 2006, University of Gronigren, Netherlands. Reports on Polar and Marine Research No. 576, 100 pp. Overduin P.P. and N. Couture, eds., 2008. The 6th annual Arctic coastal dynamics (ACD) workshop, Oct. 22- 26, 2006, Groningen, Netherlands. Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung (Reports on polar and marine research) 576:105. Raffi, R., B. Stenni, O., Genoni, O. Flora and S. Sega, 2007. Thermal regime, isotopic and morphological characteristics of ice wedges in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, 26 August to September 1, 2007. Session: The State of Permafrost in a Changing Environment. Oral presentation, USGS OFR- 2007- 1047, Extended abstract 204. Ramos, M. and G. Vieira, 2009. Evaluation of the ground surface enthalpy balance from bedrock shallow borehole temperatures (Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic). The Cryosphere, 3: 133-145. Ramos, M., G. Vieira, S. Gruber, J.J. Blanco, C. Hauck, M.A. Hidalgo, D. Tomé, M. Neves and A. Trindade, 2007. Permafrost and active layer monitoring in the maritime Antarctic: Preliminary results from CALM sites on Livingston and Deception Islands. U.S. Geological Survey and the National Academies; USGS OF-2007-1047, Short Research Paper 070, doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp070. Ramos, M., G. Vieira, J.J. Blanco, S. Gruber, C. Hauck, M.A. Hidalgo and D. Tomé, 2008. Active layer temperature monitoring in two boreholes in Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic: first results for 2000-2006. Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 1463-1467. Ramos, M., A. Hasler, G. Vieira, C. Hauck and S. Gruber, 2009. Drilling and installations of boreholes for permafrost thermal monitoring on Livingston Island in the Maritime Antarctic. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 20:57-64. Rinke, A., P. Kuhry and K. Dethloff, 2008. Importance of a soil organic layer for Arctic climate: A sensitivity study with an Arctic RCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13709, doi:10.1029/2008GL034052. Rocha, M.J., E. Dutra, R. Tomé, G. Vieira, P. Miranda, M. Fragoso and M. Ramos, 2010. ERA-Interim forced H-TESSEL scheme for modeling ground temperatures for Livingston Island (South Shetlands, Antarctic Peninsula). Proceedings of II Iberian Conference of the International Permafrost Association. Romanovsky, V., J. Brown, G. Clow, M. Burgess, S. Smith and C. Harris, 2003. The Thermal State of Permafrost: A Contribution to the International Polar Year (Unpublished working draft 10/8/03). Romanovsky, V.E., D.S. Drozdov, N.G. Oberman, G.V. Malkova, A.L. Kholodov, S.S. Marchenko, N.G. Moskalenko, D.O. Sergeev, N.G. Ukraintseva, A.A. Abramov and A.A. Vasiliev, 2010a. Current Thermal State of Permafrost in Russia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21, 136-155. Romanovsky, V.E., S. Gruber, A. Instanes, H. Jin, S.S. Marchenko, S.L. Smith, D. Trombotto and K.M. Walter, 2007. Frozen Ground, Chapter 7 in UNEP
(2007.) Global Outlook for Ice and Snow, p. 181-200. United Nations Environment Programme: Nairobi. Romanovsky, V.E., S.L. Smith and H.H. Christiansen, 2010b. Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere durig the IPY 2007-2009: a synthesis. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21, 106-116. Schaefer C., F. Simas, R.J. Gilkes, C. Mathison, L.M. da Costa and M.A. Albuquerque, 2008. Micromorphology and microchemistry of selected Cryosols from maritime Antarctica. Geoderma, 144:104-115. Schuur, E. A. G, J. Bockheim, J. Canadell, E. Euskirchen, C.B. Field, S.V. Goryachkin, S. Hagemann, P. Kuhry, P. Lafleur, H. Lee, G. Mazhitova, F.E. Nelson, A. Rinke, V. Romanovsky, N. Shiklomanov, C. Tarnocai, S. Venevsky, J.G. Vogel and S.A. Zimov, 2008. Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: implications for the global carbon cycle. Bioscience, 58:701-714. Schuur, E. A. G., J.G. Vogel, K.G. Crummer, H. Lee, J.O. Sickman and T.E. Osterkamp, 2009. The impact of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra. Nature, 459:556- 559. Serrano E., J. López-Martínez, J.A. Cuchí, J.J. Durán, S. Mink and A. Navas, 2008. Permafrost in the South Shetland islands (maritime Antarctica): spatial distribution pattern NICOP 2008. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks:1621-1625. Shiklomanov, N.I., F.E. Nelson, D.A. Streletskiy, K.M. Hinkel and J. Brown, 2008. The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) Program: Data Collection, Management and Dissemination Strategies. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 2:1647-1652. Simas, F.N.B., C.E.G.R. Schaefer, V.F. de Melo, M.B.B. Guerra, M. Saunders and R.J. Gilkes, 2006. Claysized minerals in permafrost-affected soils (Cryosols) from King George Island, Antarctica. Clays and Clay Minerals, 54:721-736. Simas, F.N.B., C.E.G.R. Schaefer, M.R. Albuquerque Filho, M.R., Francelino, E.I. Fernandes Filho and L.M. Costa, 2008. Genesis, properties and classification of Cryosols from Admiralty Bay, Maritime Antarctica. Geoderma, 144:116–122. Simas, F.N.B., C.E.G.R. Schaefer, V.F. de Melo, M.R. Albuquerque-Filho, R.F.M. Michel, V.V. Pereira, M.R.M. Gomes and L.M. Costa, 2007. Ornithogenic Cryosols from Maritime Antarctica: phosphatization as a soil forming process. Geoderma, 138:191–203. Smith, S. and J. Brown, 2009. Permafrost: permafrost and seasonally frozen ground: Assessment of the Status of the Development of the Standards for the Terrestrial Essential Climate Variables. Global Terrestrial Observing System, FAO, Rome (www. fao.org/gtos/doc/ECVs/T07/T07.pdf). Smith, S.L., V.E. Romanovsky, A.G. Lewkowicz, C.R. Burn, M. Allard, G.D. Clow, K. Yoshikawa and J. Throop, 2010. Thermal State of Permafrost in North America – A Contribution to the International Polar Year. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21, 117-135. Strini A., M. Guglielmin and K. Hall, 2008. Tafoni development in a cryotic environment: an example from Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33:1502-1519. Tarnocai, C., J. G. Canadell, E. A. G. Schuur, P. Kuhry, G. Mazhitova and S. Zimov, 2009. Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23:GB2023, doi:10.1029/2008GB003327. Trindade, A., 2009. Characteristics of the ground thermal regime in Hurd Peninsula (Livingston Island, Antarctic). Ms thesis, University of Lisbon (in Portuguese). Trombotto, D. and E. Borzotta, 2009. Indicators of present global warming through changes in active layer-thickness, estimation of thermal difusivity anf geomorphological observations in the Morenas Coloradas rock glacier, Central Andes of Mendoza, Dry Andes, Argentina. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 55: 321-330. Valcárcel-Díaz M., P. Carrera-Gómez, A. Coronato, F. Castillo-Rodríguez, J. Rabassa and A. Pérez- Alberti, 2006. Cryogenic landforms in the Sierras de Alvear, Fuegian Andes, Subantarctic Argentina. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 17:371-376. s C I e n C e P r o g r a m 271
Page 1:
Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
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xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
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2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
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4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
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Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
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10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
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Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
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Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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18 IPY 20 07-20 08 Cooperation.’
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20 IPY 20 07-20 08 decades (1950-19
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22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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24 IPY 20 07-20 08 World Data Cente
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26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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28 IPY 20 07-20 08 23 Berkner’s l
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Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
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Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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34 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1 Neumayer D
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Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
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38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
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40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
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42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
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44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
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46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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48 IPY 20 07-20 08 Notes 1 Andreev
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50 IPY 20 07-20 08 nations needed t
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52 IPY 20 07-20 08 ICSU and WMO Pro
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54 IPY 20 07-20 08 Thiede for SCAR,
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56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
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Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
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60 IPY 20 07-20 08 established by 1
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62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
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Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
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Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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68 IPY 20 07-20 08 3 To the nine me
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70 IPY 20 07-20 08 multi-disciplina
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Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
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74 IPY 20 07-20 08 to understand th
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Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
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78 IPY 20 07-20 08 International Po
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80 IPY 20 07-20 08 experts who atte
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82 IPY 20 07-20 08 and recognized I
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84 IPY 20 07-20 08 References IASC
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86 IPY 20 07-20 08 ATCM References
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88 IPY 20 07-20 08 best expertise f
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90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
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92 IPY 20 07-20 08 support from Nor
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94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
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96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
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98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
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100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
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Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
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106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
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Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
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Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
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116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
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136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
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Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
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140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
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Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
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Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
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146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
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148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
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150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
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152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
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154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
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Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
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Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
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Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
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162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
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164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
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166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
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168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
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170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
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172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
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Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
Page 202 and 203:
176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
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178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
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Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
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Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
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184 IPY 20 07-20 08 48(1): 5-21. Di
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186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
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Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
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Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
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Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
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194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
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Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
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Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
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200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
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Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
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204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
Page 232 and 233:
Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
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Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
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210 IPY 20 07-20 08 tions and Infor
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212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
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214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
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216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
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218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
Page 246 and 247: Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
Page 248 and 249: 222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
Page 250 and 251: Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
Page 254 and 255: 228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
Page 256 and 257: Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
Page 258 and 259: 232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
Page 260 and 261: 234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
Page 262 and 263: 236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
Page 264 and 265: 238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
Page 266 and 267: 240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
Page 268 and 269: 242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
Page 272 and 273: 246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
Page 274 and 275: Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
Page 276 and 277: 250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
Page 278 and 279: 252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
Page 280 and 281: 254 IPY 20 07-20 08 Masolov V.N., S
Page 282 and 283: Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
Page 284 and 285: 258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
Page 286 and 287: Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
Page 288 and 289: Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
Page 290 and 291: 264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
Page 292 and 293: 266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
Page 294 and 295: 268 IPY 20 07-20 08 Permafrost in t
Page 298 and 299: 272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
Page 300 and 301: Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
Page 302 and 303: 276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
Page 304 and 305: 278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
Page 306 and 307: Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
Page 308 and 309: Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
Page 310 and 311: 284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
Page 312 and 313: 286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
Page 314 and 315: 288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
Page 316 and 317: 290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
Page 318 and 319: 292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
Page 320 and 321: Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
Page 322 and 323: 296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
Page 324 and 325: Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
Page 326 and 327: 300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
Page 328 and 329: 302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
Page 330 and 331: 304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
Page 332 and 333: Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
Page 334 and 335: 308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
Page 336 and 337: 310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
Page 338 and 339: Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
Page 340 and 341: 314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
Page 342 and 343: 316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
Page 344 and 345: 318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
Page 346 and 347:
Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
Page 348 and 349:
322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
Page 396 and 397:
370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
Page 400 and 401:
Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
Page 404 and 405:
Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
Page 454 and 455:
Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
Page 456 and 457:
Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
Page 522 and 523:
Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
Page 526 and 527:
500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
Page 530 and 531:
504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
Page 532 and 533:
506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
Page 534 and 535:
508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
Page 540 and 541:
514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
Page 542 and 543:
Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
Page 548 and 549:
Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
Page 556 and 557:
530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
Page 558 and 559:
Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
Page 560 and 561:
534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
Page 564 and 565:
538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
Page 566 and 567:
540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
Page 568 and 569:
542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
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544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
Page 576 and 577:
Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
Page 578 and 579:
552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
Page 580 and 581:
554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
Page 582 and 583:
556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
Page 584 and 585:
Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
Page 586 and 587:
560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
Page 588 and 589:
Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
Page 592 and 593:
Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
Page 596 and 597:
570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
Page 598 and 599:
Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
Page 602 and 603:
576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
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578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
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Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
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586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
Page 614 and 615:
Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
Page 618 and 619:
592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
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594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
Page 622 and 623:
596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
Page 624 and 625:
598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
Page 626 and 627:
600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
Page 628 and 629:
602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
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604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
Page 638 and 639:
612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
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614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
Page 642 and 643:
Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
Page 646 and 647:
Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
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622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
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624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
Page 654 and 655:
628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
Page 656 and 657:
Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
Page 658 and 659:
632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
Page 660 and 661:
634 IPY 20 07-20 08
Page 662 and 663:
636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
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638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
Page 666 and 667:
640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
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642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
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644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
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Page 674 and 675:
Page 676 and 677:
650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
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652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
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654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
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656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
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658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
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660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
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662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
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Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
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Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
Page 694 and 695:
668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
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670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
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672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
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674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
Page 702 and 703:
676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
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678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
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680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
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682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
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684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
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686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
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688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
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690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
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692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
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694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
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