International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and groundbased measurements on Austfonna, Svalbard. (Photo: Andrea Taurisano) Fig. 2.4-13. Three glaciers of the Suntar- Khayata Range, a continuation of the Verkhoyansky Range, in the Sakha Republic, Northeast Siberia. Little was known about the glaciers in this region prior to IPY 2007–2008. (Photo: Maria Ananicheva) 230 IPY 20 07–20 08
participated and were trained within the IPY projects. The NEEM project has provided a deep ice core reaching back beyond the Eemian period that will provide a record to advance our knowledge of the North Atlantic climate and to provide needed data for a bipolar comparison. This ice core record will continue to be exploited over the next decade or longer. NEEM has also helped to reignite interest in using the last interglacial in both polar regions as a constraint on the likely environmental impacts of a sustained polar temperature a few degrees warmer than present. The IPICS consortium continues to operate, and is in the process of expanding its NEEM priority project into a more general study of the last interglacial. Improved observational facilities include a network of weather stations on the Greenland ice sheet and long-term monitoring systems of the fast-moving Greenland outlet glaciers. The example of cooperation and coordination between national space agencies established through the GIIPSY project, and the continuation of the Space Task Group beyond IPY (Chapter 3.1), will continue to provide high quality satellite data for polar operations, research and international monitoring activities such as the Global Cryosphere Watch (Chapter 3.7). The GLACIODYN network continues through the IASC group, now restructured and renamed as the IASC Network of Glaciology. New projects have been established by the GLACIODYN network as follow-ups to the IPY efforts. Some examples include: 1) Six former partner groups in GLACIODYN are now working together in the EU-project ice2sea (2009–2013), which aims to reduce the uncertainty References ACIA, 2005. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K. Ananicheva, M.D. and G. Kapustin, (in press). Change of glacier state in mountain regions of the Russian Sub-Arctic: assessment by satellite imagery and aerial photography in the USSR Glacier Inventory - Russian contribution into the IPY. 2007–2008. Vol.3 Cryosphere. Ed. V.M. Kotlyakov, Moscow (in Russian). Boon S., D.O. Burgess, R.M. Koerner and M.J. Sharp, of sea level contribution from both ice sheets and glaciers and ice caps. 2) In the Nordic countries a new Nordic Center of Excellence in Climate and Cryosphere called SVALI (Stability and Variations of Arctic Land Ice) has been funded by the Nordic Ministry for the period 2011 to 2015. The 17 partners consist mainly of former GLACIODYN groups and the established network during IPY was the basis for the new center. 3) Seventeen former GLACIODYN groups from ten European countries have recently started a new project with focus on Svalbard glaciers (SvalGlac). This is under the umbrella of European Science Foundation (ESF) program PolarCLIMATE for the period 2009 to 2012 and was launched as a direct successor to IPY. 4) Steps have been taken to establish a new modeling initiative to include dynamics in predictive models as a contribution to the ice2sea project. This is a direct follow up of the aims of GLACIODYN which included development of robust, predictive models that include key dynamic processes. The inclusion of ice dynamics in predictive models of future glacier response would represent a significant advance from current mass balance models. On the wider global stage, International Polar Year 2007–2008 provided a unique opportunity to develop polar observing systems and, by doing so, begin to close one of the most significant gaps in global observations. The Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Cryosphere Theme and the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW, Chapter 3.7) are major outcomes of IPY. 2009. 47 years of research on the Devon Island ice cap, Arctic Canada. Arctic, 63(1):1-17. Buzin I.V., A.F. Glazovsky, Yu.P. Gudoshnikov, A.I. Danilov, N.Ye. Dmitiev, G.K. Zubakin, N.V. Kubyshkin, A.K. Naumov, A.V. Nesterov, A.A. Skutin, E.A. Skutina and S.I. Shibakin, 2008. Icebergs and glaciers of the Barents Sea. Results of the most recent research. Part.1. Main producing glaciers, their propagation and morphometric properties. Problems of the Arc- s C I e n C e P r o g r a m 231
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
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xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
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2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
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4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
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Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
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10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
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Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
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Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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18 IPY 20 07-20 08 Cooperation.’
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20 IPY 20 07-20 08 decades (1950-19
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22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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24 IPY 20 07-20 08 World Data Cente
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26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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28 IPY 20 07-20 08 23 Berkner’s l
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Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
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Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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34 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1 Neumayer D
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Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
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38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
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40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
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42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
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44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
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46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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48 IPY 20 07-20 08 Notes 1 Andreev
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50 IPY 20 07-20 08 nations needed t
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52 IPY 20 07-20 08 ICSU and WMO Pro
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54 IPY 20 07-20 08 Thiede for SCAR,
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56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
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Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
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60 IPY 20 07-20 08 established by 1
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62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
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Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
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Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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68 IPY 20 07-20 08 3 To the nine me
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70 IPY 20 07-20 08 multi-disciplina
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Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
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74 IPY 20 07-20 08 to understand th
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Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
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78 IPY 20 07-20 08 International Po
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80 IPY 20 07-20 08 experts who atte
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82 IPY 20 07-20 08 and recognized I
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84 IPY 20 07-20 08 References IASC
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86 IPY 20 07-20 08 ATCM References
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88 IPY 20 07-20 08 best expertise f
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90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
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92 IPY 20 07-20 08 support from Nor
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94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
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96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
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98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
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100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
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Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
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106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
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Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
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Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
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116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
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136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
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Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
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140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
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Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
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Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
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146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
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148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
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150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
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152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
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154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
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Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
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Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
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Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
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162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
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164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
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166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
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168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
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170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
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172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
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Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
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176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
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178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
Page 206 and 207: Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
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Page 214 and 215: Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
Page 216 and 217: Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
Page 218 and 219: Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
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Page 222 and 223: Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
Page 224 and 225: Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
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Page 232 and 233: Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
Page 234 and 235: Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
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Page 246 and 247: Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
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Page 250 and 251: Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
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Page 288 and 289: Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
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Page 300 and 301: Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
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Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
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Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
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284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
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286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
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288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
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290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
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292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
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Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
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296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
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Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
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300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
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302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
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304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
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Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
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308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
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310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
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Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
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314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
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316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
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318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
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Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
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322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
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370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
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Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
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Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
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Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
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Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
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Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
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500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
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504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
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506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
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508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
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514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
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Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
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530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
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Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
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534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
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538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
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540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
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542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
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544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
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Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
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552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
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554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
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556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
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Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
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560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
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Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
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Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
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570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
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Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
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576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
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578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
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Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
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586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
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Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
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592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
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594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
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596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
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598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
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600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
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602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
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604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
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612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
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614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
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Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
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Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
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622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
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624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
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628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
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Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
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632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
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634 IPY 20 07-20 08
Page 662 and 663:
636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
Page 664 and 665:
638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
Page 666 and 667:
640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
Page 668 and 669:
642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
Page 670 and 671:
644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
Page 672 and 673:
Page 674 and 675:
Page 676 and 677:
650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
Page 678 and 679:
652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
Page 680 and 681:
654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
Page 682 and 683:
656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
Page 684 and 685:
658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
Page 686 and 687:
660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
Page 688 and 689:
662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
Page 690 and 691:
Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
Page 692 and 693:
Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
Page 694 and 695:
668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
Page 696 and 697:
670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
Page 698 and 699:
672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
Page 700 and 701:
674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
Page 702 and 703:
676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
Page 704 and 705:
678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
Page 706 and 707:
680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
Page 708 and 709:
682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
Page 710 and 711:
684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
Page 712 and 713:
686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
Page 714 and 715:
688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
Page 716 and 717:
690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
Page 718 and 719:
692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
Page 720 and 721:
694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
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International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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