International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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68 IPY 20 07–20 08 3 To the nine members nominated in June 2003 (Rapley, Bell, Allison, Bindshadler, Chown, Duhaime, Kotlyakov, Orheim, and Zhang), five more were added in September 2003: Gino Casassa, Prem Chand Pandey, Hanne K. Petersen, Michael Kuhn and Henk Schalke – Box 2. The two latter provided liaison to IUGG and IUGS, respectively. 4 Following that meeting, Sarukhanian was appointed WMO Secretary-General ‘special advisor’ on IPY, in charge of the WMO planning. He held this key position for almost seven years ensuring continuity in WMO support to IPY. 5 By Mary Albert, Karl Erb, Ghassam Asrat, John Calder, John Behrendt, Fae Krosmo, Kendrick Taylor, Miles McPhee, Paul Mayewski, Joseph Davila, James Morison, Bernard Coakley and others. 6 Chris Rapley (PG Chair), Robin Bell (Vice-Chair), Ian Allison, Robert Bindschadler, Gino Casassa, Gérard Duhaime, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Olav Orheim, Hanne Petersen, Zhanhai Zhang, Michael Kuhn (IUGG), Vladimir Ryabinin (WCRP), Thomas Rosswall (ICSU), Leah Goldfarb (ICSU), Daniel Rodary (ICSU), Tim Moffat (Secretary) and Wolfgang Eder (UNESCO) standing in for Henk Schalke for IUGS item. Apologies: Steven Chown, Prem Pandey, Ed Sarukhanian (WMO) and Henk Schalke (IUGS). 7 Qin Dahe, Director of the Chinese Meteorological Administration, was proposed to chair the group made of several disciplinary experts associated with WMO (Barry Goodison, Oystein Hov, Arni Snorrason, Stephen Pendlebury, Ivan Frolov, Geerd Hoffman, Alex Sterin and others). 8 See Davila et al., 2006; 2009; Thompson et al., 2009. The full chronology of IHY, from 2002 till 2009, and the IHY Newsletter archive (2003–2009) are available at http://ihy2007.org/newsroom/newsroom.shtml. See most recent updates on the IHY at www.ihy2007. org/. 9 In September 2005, the representatives of four ‘international science years’ scheduled to take place during the period 2007– 2008—the IHY (J. Davila), IPY (D. Carlson), eGY (D. Baker) and IYPE (E. de Mulder)—signed a formal declaration pledging “vigorous and open communication, as well as joint activities in areas of common scientific interest, as well as in education, outreach and capacity building” (Putting the “I” in IHY, 2006). 10 Reid Hall (4 Rue de Chevreuse, Paris, France) is a complex of academic facilities owned and operated by Columbia University (U.S.A.) that is located in the St. Germain des Prés district of Paris. It houses the Columbia University Institute for Scholars at Reid Hall in addition to various graduate and undergraduate divisions of over a dozen American universities. For over a century, Reid Hall has served as a link between the French and American academic communities. 11 See minutes at http://classic.ipy.org/international/documents/. 12 Participants: Chris Rapley, Robin Bell, Ian Allison, Robert Bindschadler, Gino Casassa, Gérard Duhaime, Chris Elfring, Vladimir Kotlyakov, Olav Orheim, Prem Pandey, Hanne Petersen, Michael Kuhn (IUGG), Werner Janoschek (IUGS), Ed Sarukhanian (WMO), Leah Goldfarb (ICSU), Elisabeth Merle (ICSU), Cynan Ellis-Evans (BAS) and Tim Moffat (BAS, Secretary). 13 Presentations by Chris Rapley on the IPY Outline Science Plan; Vladimir Ryabinin (WCRP), Patrick Webber (IASC), Jerry Brown (IPA), Robert Dickson (ASOB), Mary Albert (U.S. IPY activities), and Jacek Jania (Polish preparations for IPY). Most of these presentations can be accessed at http://classic.ipy.org/international/presentations (as of February 25, 2010). 14 Presentations by Robin Bell on the IPY Science Plan; Ed Sarukhanian on WMO and IPY; Odd Rogne on IASC and IPY; Roland Schlich on SCAR and IPY; Heinz Miller on IPY and Cryospheric studies, Stephanie Pfirman on Education and Outreach in IPY; Alan Rodger on eGY; and Andy Breen on IHY, see http://classic.ipy.org/international/presentations. 15 The IPY presentations were delivered by Chris Rapley, Robin Bell, Ed Sarukhanian, Colin Summerhayes (on SCAR and IPY), Louwrens Hacquebord (IASC and IPY), Hanne Petersen (Education and Outreach in IPY) and Michael Kuhn (IGY+50), see http://classic.ipy.org/ international/presentations. 16 This effort to put social sciences on the IPY program was also strengthened by passionate calls from Louwrens Hacquebord and Aant Elzinga, from IASC and SCAR’s Action Group on history of Antarctic research, respectively, at the SCAR meeting in Bremen, who argued that IPY 2007–2008 should be called the ‘Year of the Human Dimension’ (Chapter 1.4). 17 Originally ICSU-WMO considered one person as the leader of the future IPY Joint Committee. Ian Allison was approached during the SCAR Open Science Conference (July 2004) and asked if he would be prepared to chair the JC. In the following discussion, the idea of two Co-Chairs, one appointed by WMO and one by ICSU was proposed. It was enthusiastically supported by both organizations. 18 C. Rapley, R. Bell, I. Allison, R. Bindschadler, G. Casassa, V. Kotlyakov, O. Orheim, H. Petersen, V. Ryabanin, L. Goldfarb, P. Pandey, E. Sarukhanian, D. Rodary, T. Moffatt (Secretary), J-P. Cadet (representing IUGS), C. Ellis-Evans (BAS) and C. Elfring (NAS). Apologies from Chown, Kuhn, Zhang, Janoschek and Schalke (IUGS). 19 The selection of the future JC members, in fact, was going quietly on the sidelines of the PG-4 meeting, by a small group made of Rosswall, Rapley, Bell, Goldfarb and Sarukhanian in charge of the process. 20 The document was finalized by Cynan Ellis-Evans (on behalf of the PG) and by Leah Goldfarb (for ICSU) before submission for publication at the end of October 2004.
1.4. Planning for IPY: A Collaborative Venture Coordinating editors: Paul Cutler and Igor Krupnik The purpose of this section is to demonstrate and capture the broader scope of community involvement in the initiation and early planning for IPY 2007–2008 in the years prior to the beginning of the ‘operational’ phase of IPY and the establishment of the IPY Joint Committee in 2005 (Chapter 1.5). The short sections below provide a more granular look at the truly bottom-up development of IPY that can be captured in Chapters 1.2 and 1.3. It offers perspectives on the contribution of ten major international polar agencies and organizations to the IPY process, in addition to ICSU and WMO. The role of each organization in IPY initiation and planning is described up to late 2004–early 2005; the information relevant to the later period is presented in other sections. Also, we decided to concentrate only on the role of international organizations, since the stories of many national groups and agencies involved in IPY 2007–2008 are to be covered in the respective national IPY reports that are currently under preparation. Ten sections below are placed according to a rough chronological order of each organization’s entry in the IPY process, starting with eight science organizations and followed by two major inter-governmental bodies, the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. This account of the early IPY 2007–2008 history is far from being complete, as many more agencies and groups were instrumental in the preparation of IPY. We hope that the short summaries of the activities of the lead international champions of IPY presented here will encourage other organizations to develop the accounts of their respective contributions to IPY for subsequent publications. PA R T O N E : PL A N N I N G A N D I M PLEMEN T I N G I PY 20 07–20 0 8 Contributing authors: Keith Alverson, Sara Bowden, Jerry Brown, Yvon Csonka, Paul Egerton, Barry Goodison, Johannes Huber, Gérard Jugie, Igor Krupnik, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Helena Ödmark, Volker Rachold, Chris Rapley, Manfred Reinke, Vladimir Ryabinin, Odd Rogne, Colin Summerhayes and Jörn Thiede International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Volker Rachold and Odd Rogne The first informal e-mail correspondence about a possibility of the new ‘International Polar Year’ between Odd Rogne (then Executive Secretary of IASC) and a few individual early champions started in the late 1990s. A key correspondent was Leonard Johnson (former division head at the U.S. Office of Naval Research – Chapter 1.2). During those early exchanges, Rogne argued that any initiative for a new IPY had to be taken by international organizations and required a forward-looking science vision. The IASC Executive Committee was made aware of the correspondence, but did not decide to take any further actions. The possibility of a new IPY was briefly discussed during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in April 2001 by the European Polar Board (EPB) and by the Forum of Arctic Research Operators (FARO). The IASC Executive Committee did not decide on any actions related to IPY, but had agreed to test the idea within FARO. Overall, a new IPY was seen as a major logistical challenge that would require complex and, perhaps, painful re-allocation of funding. Nonetheless, IPY was also viewed as a tremendous opportunity, for which a compelling science vision had to be developed. An important step towards IPY planning was taken at the Symposium, Perspectives of Modern Polar Research in Bad Dürkheim (Germany), 24-26 June, 2001 (Chapter 1.2), on which IASC was informed. In November 2001, the IASC Executive Committee discussed the development of ideas for IPY and noted that a major project in the Arctic Ocean as a prospective theme for IPY had been suggested (Johnson, 2001). Nonetheless, it was again agreed that a new IPY should be major P l a n n I n g a n d I m P l e m e n t I n g I P Y 2 0 0 7–2 0 0 8 69
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
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xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
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2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
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4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
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Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
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10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
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Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
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Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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Page 48 and 49: 22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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Page 52 and 53: 26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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Page 58 and 59: Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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Page 64 and 65: 38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
Page 66 and 67: 40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
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Page 70 and 71: 44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
Page 72 and 73: 46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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Page 82 and 83: 56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
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Page 88 and 89: 62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
Page 90 and 91: Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
Page 92 and 93: Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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Page 128 and 129: Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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Page 132 and 133: 106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
Page 134 and 135: Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
Page 136 and 137: Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
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136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
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Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
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140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
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Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
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Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
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146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
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148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
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150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
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152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
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154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
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Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
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Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
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Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
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162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
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164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
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166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
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168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
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170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
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172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
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Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
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176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
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178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
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Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
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Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
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184 IPY 20 07-20 08 48(1): 5-21. Di
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186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
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Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
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Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
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Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
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194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
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Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
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Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
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200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
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Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
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204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
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Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
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Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
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210 IPY 20 07-20 08 tions and Infor
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212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
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214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
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216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
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218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
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Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
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222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
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Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
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Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
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228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
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Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
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232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
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234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
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236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
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238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
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240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
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242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
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Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
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246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
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Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
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250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
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252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
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254 IPY 20 07-20 08 Masolov V.N., S
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Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
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258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
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Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
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Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
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264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
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266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
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268 IPY 20 07-20 08 Permafrost in t
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270 IPY 20 07-20 08 Engineers Offic
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272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
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Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
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276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
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278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
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Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
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Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
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284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
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286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
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288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
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290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
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292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
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Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
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296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
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Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
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300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
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302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
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304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
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Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
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308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
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310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
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Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
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314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
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316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
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318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
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Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
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322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
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370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
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Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
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Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
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Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
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Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
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Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
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500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
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504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
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506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
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508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
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514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
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Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
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530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
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Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
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534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
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538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
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540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
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542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
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544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
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Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
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552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
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554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
Page 582 and 583:
556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
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Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
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560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
Page 588 and 589:
Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
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Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
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570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
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Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
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576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
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578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
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Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
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586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
Page 614 and 615:
Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
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592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
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594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
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596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
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598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
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600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
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602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
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604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
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612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
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614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
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Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
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Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
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622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
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624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
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628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
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Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
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632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
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634 IPY 20 07-20 08
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636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
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638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
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640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
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642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
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644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
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650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
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652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
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654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
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656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
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658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
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660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
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662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
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Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
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Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
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668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
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670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
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672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
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674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
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676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
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678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
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680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
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682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
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684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
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686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
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688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
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690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
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692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
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694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
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