International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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268 IPY 20 07–20 08 Permafrost in the First Decade of the 21st Century. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 19:255-260. Brown. J., S. Smith and T. Zhang, 2007. Permafrost and Seasonal Frozen Ground, Chapter 9. IGOS Cryosphere Theme Report, p.44-47 http://stratus. ssec.wisc.edu/cryos/documents.html. Brown, J. and H.J. Walker, 2007. Report from the International Permafrost Association: a Brief History of the International Permafrost Conferences (1963-2003). Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 18: 385-392. Cannone N. and M. Guglielmin, 2008a. Patterned ground features and vegetation. Examples from Continental and Maritime Antarctica. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 1:227- 232. Cannone N. and M. Guglielmin, 2009. Influence of vegetation on the ground thermal regime in Continental Antarctica. Geoderma, 151(3-4):215- 223. Cannone N., D. Wagner, H-W. Hubberten and M. Guglielmin, 2008b. Biotic and abiotic factors influencing soil properties across a latitudinal gradient in Victoria Land, Antarctica. Geoderma, 144(1-2):50-65. Christiansen, H.H., B. Etzelmüller, K. Isaksen, H. Juliussen, H. Farbrot, O. Humlum, M. Johansson, T. Ingeman- Nielsen, L. Kristensen, J. Hjort, P. Holmlund, A.B.K Sannel, C. Sigsgaard, H.J. Åkerman, N. Foged, L.H. Blikra, M.A. Pernosky and R. Ødegård, 2010. The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic area during IPY 2007-2009. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 21,156-181. Christiansen, H.H., A. Prick and H. Lantuit, 2007. Report from the International Permafrost Association: Education and outreach for the International Polar Year. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 18: 209-213. Ciais, P., 2009. A geoscientist is astounded by Earth’s huge frozen carbon deposits. Research Highlights. Nature, 462 (26 November 2009). Cogan, C.B., E. Andreeva, D. Atkinson, G. Cherkashov, S. Gearheard, L. Hacquebord, R. Odegard, V. Romanovsky, S. Solomon and V. Spiridonov, eds., 2005. Arctic Coastal Processes: Coastal Working Group Report. In International Conference on Arctic Research Planning II Science Plan. Copenhagen, Denmark, Novermber 2005 (http:// web.arcticportal.org/extras/portal/iasc/icarp/ WGreports/Start.html). Committee on Designing an Arctic Observing Network, National Research Council, 2006. Toward an Integrated Arctic Observing Network. The National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309- 10052-6. 128 pp. De Ponte S., S. Malavasi, A. Strini and M. Guglielmin, 2008. Possible Wind effects on weathering pits in some coastal test sites in Victoria Land: an experimental approach. Terra Antarctica Report, 14:223-228. Dorrepaal, E., S. Toet, R.S.P. Van Logtestijn, E. Swart, M.J. Van de Weg, T.V. Callaghan and R. Aerts, 2009. Carbon respiration from subsurface peat accelerated by climate warming in the subarctic. Nature, 460:616-619. Flöser, G., H. Kremer and V. Rachold, 2008. Arctic Coastal Zones at Risk. Jointly published by the International Arctic Science Committee and Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone. French H.M., 2003. The development of periglacial geomorphology: 1 – up to 1965. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 14:29-60. Gootee, B.F., 2007. Glacial and permafrost exploration in the Dry Valleys during the 1957/58 IGY: The personal records of Troy L. Péwé. In Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES, A.K. Cooper and C.R. Raymond et al., eds. USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Extended Abstract 217, 4 p. Guglielmin, M., 2006. Ground surface temperature (GST), active layer and permafrost monitoring in continental Antarctica. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 17(2):133-143. Guglielmin M., D. Boschi, C. D’Agata, C. Ellis-Evans and M.R. Worland, 2008a. Periglacial and Permafrost Map of Signy Island, South Orkneys Islands, Maritime Antartica. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost Extended Abstracts, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 1:569-574. Guglielmin M., C.J. Ellis-Evans and N. Cannone, 2008b.
Active layer thermal regime under different vegetation conditions in permafrost areas. A case study at Signy Island (maritime Antarctica). Geoderma, 144(1-2):73-85. Hall K., M. Guglielmin and A. Strini, 2008a. Weathering of granite in Antarctica, II: thermal stress at the grain scale. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(3):475-493. Hall K., M. Guglielmin and A. Strini, 2008b. Weathering of granite in Antarctica, I: Light penetration in to rock and implications for rock weathering and endolithic communities. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(2):295-307. Harris, C., L.U. Arenson, H.H. Christiansen, B. Etzelmüller, R. Frauenfelder, S. Gruber, W. Haeberli, C. Hauck, M. Hölzle, O. Humlum, K. Isaksen, A. Kääb, M.A. Kern-Lütschg, M. Lehning, N. Matsuoka, J.B. Murton, J. Nötzli, M. Phillips, N. Ross, M. Seppälä, S.M. Springman and D. Vonder Mühll, 2009. Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses. Earth Science Reviews, 9(3-4):117-171. Hauck, C., G. Vieira, S. Gruber, J.J. Blanco and M. Ramos, 2007. Geophysical identification of permafrost in Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctic. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, F02S19, doi:10.1029/2006JF000544. Haussmann, N., M. McGeoch and J. Boelhouwers, 2009. Interactions between a cushion plant (Azorella selago) and surface sediment transport on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Geomorphology, 107:139-148. Juliussen, H., H.H. Christiansen, G.S. Strand, S. Iversen, K. Midttømme and J.S. Rønning, in prep. The Norwegian Permafrost Database NORPERM – An IPY legacy. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Vol. 1 and 2. Kane, D.L. and K.M. Hinkel, (eds), 2008. Proceedings Ninth International Conference on Permafrost. Fairbanks, vol. 1 and 2. Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Kuhry, P., E. Dorrepaal, G. Hugelius, E.A.G. Schuur and C. Tarnocai, 2010. Potential remobilization of permafrost carbon under future global warming. Perm. and Periglac. Processes, 208-214. Kuhry, P., C-L. Ping, E.A.G. Schuur, C. Tarnocai and S. Zimov, 2009. Report from the International Permafrost Association: Carbon pools in permafrost. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 20:229-233. McLeod, M., J.G. Bockheim, M.R. Balks and J. Aislabie, 2007. Soils of Western Wright Valley, Antarctica. In Antarctica: 50 years on the ice. Just the Tip of the Iceberg. Proceedings of the Antarctic Conference held in Wellington 2-6 July 2007: 67. McLeod M., J.G. Bockheim and M.R. Balks, 2008a: A provisional 1:50 000 scale soil map of the Wright Valley, Antarctica. In Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, D.L. Kane and K.M. Hinkel (eds). Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks:207-208. McLeod M., J.G. Bockheim and M. Balks, 2008b. Glacial geomorphology, soil development and permafrost features in central-upper Wright Valley, Antarctica. Geoderma, 144:93-103. McLeod, M., J.G. Bockheim and M.R. Balks 2008c. A fifth-order reconnaissance soil map of ice- free areas of the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. In Antarctica: A keystone in a Changing World Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Cooper, A.K., P.J. Barrett, H. Stagg, B. Storey, E. Stump, W.Wise and the 10th ISAES editorial team eds. Santa Barbara, California, August 26 to September 1 2007. Washington DC: The National Academy press. USGS OF – 2007- 1047, Extended Abstract 116. Melo, R., 2009. Present-day geomorphological dynamics of Deception Island: spatial analysis of the sector Cerro Caliente - Crater Lake. Ms thesis, Univeristy of Lisbon (in Portuguese). Mora C., G. Vieira and M. Ramos, in press. Detecção da cobertura de neve na ilha Livingston (Antárctida marítima) com imagens de satélite ASAR. Resultados preliminares. Proceedings of II Iberian Conference of the International Permafrost Association: Periglacial, environments, permafrost and climate variability, J. J. Blanco, M. Ramos and M.A. de Pablo, eds., Colección Obras colectivas, Universidad de Alcalá. Muller, S.W., 1943. Permafrost or permanently frozen ground and related engineering problems. U.S. s C I e n C e P r o g r a m 269
Page 1:
Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
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iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
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vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
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viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
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x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
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xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
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xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
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xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
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xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
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xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
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xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
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xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
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2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
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4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
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Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
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8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
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10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
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Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
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14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
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Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
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18 IPY 20 07-20 08 Cooperation.’
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20 IPY 20 07-20 08 decades (1950-19
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22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
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24 IPY 20 07-20 08 World Data Cente
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26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
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28 IPY 20 07-20 08 23 Berkner’s l
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Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
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Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
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34 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1 Neumayer D
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Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
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38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
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40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
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42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
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44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
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46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
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48 IPY 20 07-20 08 Notes 1 Andreev
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50 IPY 20 07-20 08 nations needed t
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52 IPY 20 07-20 08 ICSU and WMO Pro
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54 IPY 20 07-20 08 Thiede for SCAR,
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56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
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Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
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60 IPY 20 07-20 08 established by 1
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62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
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Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
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Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
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68 IPY 20 07-20 08 3 To the nine me
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70 IPY 20 07-20 08 multi-disciplina
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Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
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74 IPY 20 07-20 08 to understand th
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Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
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78 IPY 20 07-20 08 International Po
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80 IPY 20 07-20 08 experts who atte
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82 IPY 20 07-20 08 and recognized I
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84 IPY 20 07-20 08 References IASC
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86 IPY 20 07-20 08 ATCM References
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88 IPY 20 07-20 08 best expertise f
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90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
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92 IPY 20 07-20 08 support from Nor
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94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
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96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
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98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
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100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
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Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
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104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
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106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
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Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
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Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
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112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
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116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
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118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
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120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
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122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
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Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
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126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
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128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
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130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
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132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
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134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
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136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
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Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
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140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
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Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
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Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
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146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
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148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
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150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
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152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
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154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
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Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
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Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
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Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
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162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
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164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
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166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
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168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
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170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
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172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
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Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
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176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
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178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
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Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
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Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
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184 IPY 20 07-20 08 48(1): 5-21. Di
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186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
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Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
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Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
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Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
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194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
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Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
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Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
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200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
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Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
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204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
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Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
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Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
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210 IPY 20 07-20 08 tions and Infor
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212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
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214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
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216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
Page 244 and 245: 218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
Page 246 and 247: Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
Page 248 and 249: 222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
Page 250 and 251: Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
Page 254 and 255: 228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
Page 256 and 257: Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
Page 258 and 259: 232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
Page 260 and 261: 234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
Page 262 and 263: 236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
Page 264 and 265: 238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
Page 266 and 267: 240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
Page 268 and 269: 242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
Page 272 and 273: 246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
Page 274 and 275: Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
Page 276 and 277: 250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
Page 278 and 279: 252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
Page 280 and 281: 254 IPY 20 07-20 08 Masolov V.N., S
Page 282 and 283: Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
Page 284 and 285: 258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
Page 286 and 287: Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
Page 288 and 289: Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
Page 290 and 291: 264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
Page 292 and 293: 266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
Page 296 and 297: 270 IPY 20 07-20 08 Engineers Offic
Page 298 and 299: 272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
Page 300 and 301: Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
Page 302 and 303: 276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
Page 304 and 305: 278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
Page 306 and 307: Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
Page 308 and 309: Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
Page 310 and 311: 284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
Page 312 and 313: 286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
Page 314 and 315: 288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
Page 316 and 317: 290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
Page 318 and 319: 292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
Page 320 and 321: Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
Page 322 and 323: 296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
Page 324 and 325: Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
Page 326 and 327: 300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
Page 328 and 329: 302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
Page 330 and 331: 304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
Page 332 and 333: Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
Page 334 and 335: 308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
Page 336 and 337: 310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
Page 338 and 339: Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
Page 340 and 341: 314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
Page 342 and 343: 316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
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318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
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Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
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322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
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Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
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Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
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328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
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330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
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332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
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334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
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Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
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338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
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340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
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342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
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344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
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Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
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348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
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350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
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352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
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354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
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356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
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358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
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360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
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Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
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Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
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Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
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Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
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370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
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Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
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Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
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Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
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Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
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Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
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382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
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384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
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386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
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388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
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Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
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392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
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Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
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396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
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Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
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Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
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Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
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404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
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406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
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408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
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Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
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Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
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414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
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416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
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Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
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420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
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422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
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424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
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Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
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Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
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Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
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Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
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434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
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436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
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438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
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Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
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Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
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444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
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Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
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Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
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Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
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Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
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454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
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456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
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458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
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460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
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Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
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464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
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466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
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468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
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470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
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472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
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Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
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476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
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478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
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480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
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482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
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Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
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486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
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Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
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492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
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494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
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Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
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498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
Page 526 and 527:
500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
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Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
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504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
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506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
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508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
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510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
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512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
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514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
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Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
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Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
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520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
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Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
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524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
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526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
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528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
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530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
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Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
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534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
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536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
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538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
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540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
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542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
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544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
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546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
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548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
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Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
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552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
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554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
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556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
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Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
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560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
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Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
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Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
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Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
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Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
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570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
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Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
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Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
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576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
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578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
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Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
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582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
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584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
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586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
Page 614 and 615:
Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
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Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
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592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
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594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
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596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
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598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
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600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
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602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
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604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
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Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
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608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
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610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
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612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
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614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
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Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
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618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
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Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
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622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
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624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
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626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
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628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
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Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
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632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
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634 IPY 20 07-20 08
Page 662 and 663:
636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
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638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
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640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
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642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
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644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
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Page 676 and 677:
650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
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652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
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654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
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656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
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658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
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660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
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662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
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Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
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Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
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668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
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670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
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672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
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674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
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676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
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678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
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680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
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682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
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684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
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686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
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688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
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690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
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692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
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694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
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