International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

More documents

Recommendations

Info

254 IPY 20 07–20 08 Masolov V.N., S.V. Popov, V.V. Lukin, A.N. Sheremet’ev and A.M. Popkov, 2006. Russian geophysical studies of Lake Vostok, Central East Antarctica. In: Antarctica - Contributions to Global Earth, D.K. Fütterer, D. Damaske, G. Kleinschmidt, H. Miller and F. Tessensohn, (eds), p 135-140. Springer: New York. National Research Council, 2007. Exploration of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments: Environmental and Scientific Stewardship, 152 p. Priscu, J.C., E.E. Adams, W.B. Lyons, M.A. Voytek, D.W. Mogk, R.L. Brown, C.P. McKay, C.D. Takacs, K.A. Welch, C.F Wolf, J.D. Kirshtein and R. Avci, 1999. Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Science, 286(5447):2141-2144. Popov, S.V., A.N. Lastochkin, V.N. Masolov and A.M. Popkov, 2006. Morphology of the subglacial bed relief of Lake Vostok basin area (Central East Antarctica) based on RES and seismic data. In: Antarctica - Contributions to Global Earth Sciences, D.K. Fütterer, D. Damaske, G. Kleinschmidt, H. Miller and F. Tessensohn, (eds), p141-146. Springer: New York. Popov, S.V., V.Y. Lipenkov, A.V. Enalieva and A.V. Preobrazhenskaya, 2007. “Vnutrilednikovye izohronnie poverhnosti v rayone ozera Vostok, Vostochnaya Antarktida” [Internal isochrone layers in the ice sheet above Lake Vostok, East Antarctica]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki [The Problems of the Arctic and the Antarctic], 76:89-95. Popov, S.V. and V.N. Masolov, 2007. Forty-seven new subglacial lakes in the 0-110° sector of East Antarctica. J. Glaciology, 53(181):289-297. Popov, S.V., A.N. Salamatin, A.Yu and V.Y. Alekseev, (submitted). Lipenkov, Ice sheet structure along ice flow lines crossing the southern and northern parts of Vostok Subglacial Lake, East Antarctica. Ann. Glaciology. Richter, A., S.V. Popov, R. Dietrich, V.V. Lukin, M. Fritsche, V.Y. Lipenkov, A.Y. Matveev, J. Wendt, A.V. Yuskevich and V.N. Masolov, 2008. Observational evidence on the stability of the hydro-glaciological regime of subglacial Lake Vostok. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35: L11502, doi:10.1029/2008GL033397. Salamatin, A.N., E.A. Tsyganova, S.V. Popov and V.Y. Lipenkov, 2009. Ice flow line modeling in ice core data interpretation: Vostok Station (East Antarctica). In: Physics of Ice Core Records 2, T. Hondoh (ed), Hokkaido University Press. Siegert, M.J., 2000. Antarctic subglacial lakes., Earth Sc. Reviews, 50(1/2):29-50. Siegert, M.J. and J.L. Bamber, 2000. Subglacial water at the heads of Antarctic ice-stream tributaries. J. of Glaciol., 46(155):702-703. Siegert, M.J., J.A. Dowdeswell, M.R. Gorman and N.F. McIntyre, 1996. An inventory of Antarctic sub-glacial lakes. Antarctic Sc., 8:281-286. Siegert, M. et al., -19 others-, 2007. Exploration of Ellsworth Subglacial Lake: a concept paper on the development, organisation and execution of an experiment to explore, measure and sample the environment of a West Antarctic subglacial lake. Reviews in Env. Sc. and Biotech., 6 (1-3):161-179. Siegert, M.J., S. Popov and M. Studinger, (submitted). Subglacial Lake Vostok: a review of geophysical data regarding its discovery and topographic setting. In Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments, M.J. Siegert, M.C. Kennicutt and R. Bindschadler, (eds). AGU Monograph. Smith, B.E., H.A. Fricker, I.R. Joughin and S. Tulaczyk, 2009. An inventory of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica detected by ICESat (2003–2008). J. Glaciology, 55:192. Stearns, L.A., B.E. Smith and G.S. Hamilton, 2008. Increased flow speed on a large East Antarctic outlet glacier caused by subglacial floods. Nature Geosc. 1:827 – 831. Studinger, M., R.E. Bell, G.D. Karner, A.A. Tikku, J.W. Holt, D.L. Morse, T.G. Richter, S.D. Kempf, M.E. Peters, D.D. Blankenship, R.E. Sweeney and V.L. Rystrom, 2003. Ice cover, landscape setting and geological framework of Lake Vostok, East Antarctica. Earth and Planet. Sc. Lett., 205(3-4):195-210. Studinger, M., R.E. Bell and A.A. Tikku, 2004. Estimating the depth and shape of subglacial Lake Vostok’s water cavity from aerogravity data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31: L12401, doi:10.1029/2004GL019801. Vasiliev, N.I., P.G. Talalay, N.E. Bobin, V.K. Chistyakov, V.M. Zubkov, A.V. Krasilev, A.N. Dmitriev, S.V. Yankilevich and V.Y. Lipenkov, 2007. Deep drilling at Vostok Station, Antarctica: history and recent events. Ann. Glaciol., 47:10-23. Wingham, D.J., M.J. Siegert, A. Shepherd and A.S. Muir, 2006. Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes. Nature, 440:1033-1036.
PA R T T WO: IPY SCIENCE PR O G R A M 2.7 Permafrost Lead Author: Volker Rachold Contributing Authors: Jerry Brown, Hanne H. Christiansen, Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Peter Kuhry, Hugues Lantuit, Paul Overduin and Gonçalo Vieira Reviewer: Vladimir E. Romanovsky Introduction and Overview Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten, Jerry Brown, Hanne H. Christiansen and Hugues Lantuit Permafrost is defined as ground (soil or rock and included ice or organic material) that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years (van Everdingen, 1998), and exists in approximately 25% of the terrestrial part of the Earth (Fig. 2.7-1). Since permafrost is present on most continents on Earth, in lowlands and in mountains, permafrost research is also undertaken beyond the traditional polar regions (north and south of 60°). During International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008, most permafrost research focused on land activities in polar regions. Several coordinated cluster projects had bipolar focus (Fig. 2.7-2). Permafrost research, forming an important part of the cryospheric research, is becoming increasingly multidisciplinary, bringing together geologists, geographers, engineers, biologists, ecologists, and soil and social scientists. IPY 2007–2008 provided a unique opportunity for permafrost science to focus on regional, bipolar and multidisciplinary activities. Late 20th century observations and compilations of recent data indicated a warming of permafrost in many continental, marinedominated and mountainous regions with resulting degradation of ice-rich and carbon-rich permafrost (Romanovsky et al., 2007). Major activities during IPY focused on the measurement of ground temperatures to assess the thermal state of permafrost and the thickness of the active layer, on the quantification of carbon pools in permafrost and their potential future remobilization, as well as the quantification of erosion and release of sediment along permafrost coasts, and periglacial process and landform quantification. To address these and related bipolar questions, four permafrost cluster projects were approved by the IPY Joint Committee: • The Permafrost Observatory Project: A Contribution to the Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP) [IPY Project 50] • The Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Permafrost, Periglacial and Soil Environments Project (ANTPAS) [IPY Project 33] • The Arctic Circum-Polar Coastal Observatory Network (ACCO-Net) [IPY Project 90] • Carbon Pools in Permafrost (CAPP) [Project 373]. These four cluster projects focused on research and observations in the permafrost and periglacial environments of the Planet Earth. They together represented more than 50 individual IPY Expression of Intent (EoI) proposals with participants from more than 25 countries representing both polar regions, as well as mid- and low-latitude, permafrost-dominated mountainous regions. They were coordinated by the International Permafrost Association (IPA) and its Secretariat, then based at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS). An overall objective of these coordinated projects was to produce a “snapshot” of permafrost conditions during the IPY period, with emphasis on the thermal state of the permafrost (TSP). This includes active layer thickness measurements as part of the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program established in the 1990s (Nelson et al., 2008). s C I e n C e P r o g r a m 255
Page 1:
Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
Page 4 and 5:
Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
Page 6 and 7:
iv IPY 20 07-20 08 Table of Content
Page 8 and 9:
vi IPY 20 07-20 08 Preface This sum
Page 10 and 11:
viii IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgemen
Page 12 and 13:
x IPY 20 07-20 08 JC Members, IPO s
Page 14 and 15:
xii IPY 20 07-20 08 Culp, Joseph 3.
Page 16 and 17:
xiv IPY 20 07-20 08 Larsen, Joan Ny
Page 18 and 19:
xvi IPY 20 07-20 08 Virtue, Patti 5
Page 20 and 21:
xviii IPY 20 07-20 08 I N T R O D U
Page 22 and 23:
xx IPY 20 07-20 08 As the polar reg
Page 24 and 25:
xxii IPY 20 07-20 08 from many of t
Page 26 and 27:
xxiv IPY 20 07-20 08
Page 28 and 29:
2 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T O N E : PL
Page 30 and 31:
4 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andree
Page 32 and 33:
Fig. 1.1-1 Carl Weyprecht (1838-188
Page 34 and 35:
8 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 2 Programme o
Page 36 and 37:
10 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.1-4 Globa
Page 38 and 39:
Fig. 1.1-6 First meeting of the Com
Page 40 and 41:
14 IPY 20 07-20 08 at the same Dani
Page 42 and 43:
Fig. 1.1-8 U.S. Navy and constructi
Page 44 and 45:
18 IPY 20 07-20 08 Cooperation.’
Page 46 and 47:
20 IPY 20 07-20 08 decades (1950-19
Page 48 and 49:
22 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Andre
Page 50 and 51:
24 IPY 20 07-20 08 World Data Cente
Page 52 and 53:
26 IPY 20 07-20 08 Placing the Firs
Page 54 and 55:
28 IPY 20 07-20 08 23 Berkner’s l
Page 56 and 57:
Fig. 1.2-1. Report on the forthcomi
Page 58 and 59:
Fig. 1.2-3.First online publication
Page 60 and 61:
34 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1 Neumayer D
Page 62 and 63:
Fig. 1.2-7. Fragment from the minut
Page 64 and 65:
38 Box 2 Proposal to Establish an I
Page 66 and 67:
40 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Planning
Page 68 and 69:
42 Box 3 Extract from the Proceedin
Page 70 and 71:
44 Box 4 IPY 20 07-20 08 Resolution
Page 72 and 73:
46 IPY 20 07-20 08 1-12. Paris. IAG
Page 74 and 75:
48 IPY 20 07-20 08 Notes 1 Andreev
Page 76 and 77:
50 IPY 20 07-20 08 nations needed t
Page 78 and 79:
52 IPY 20 07-20 08 ICSU and WMO Pro
Page 80 and 81:
54 IPY 20 07-20 08 Thiede for SCAR,
Page 82 and 83:
56 IPY 20 07-20 08 PG-3, First Disc
Page 84 and 85:
Fig. 1.3-7 (right). Cover page of t
Page 86 and 87:
60 IPY 20 07-20 08 established by 1
Page 88 and 89:
62 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 The develo
Page 90 and 91:
Fig. 1.3-21 (left). Cover page of t
Page 92 and 93:
Fig. 1.3-24. “A Vision for the In
Page 94 and 95:
68 IPY 20 07-20 08 3 To the nine me
Page 96 and 97:
70 IPY 20 07-20 08 multi-disciplina
Page 98 and 99:
Fig. 1.4-2. SCAR Executive Committe
Page 100 and 101:
74 IPY 20 07-20 08 to understand th
Page 102 and 103:
Fig. 1.4-6. Front page of the AOSB
Page 104 and 105:
78 IPY 20 07-20 08 International Po
Page 106 and 107:
80 IPY 20 07-20 08 experts who atte
Page 108 and 109:
82 IPY 20 07-20 08 and recognized I
Page 110 and 111:
84 IPY 20 07-20 08 References IASC
Page 112 and 113:
86 IPY 20 07-20 08 ATCM References
Page 114 and 115:
88 IPY 20 07-20 08 best expertise f
Page 116 and 117:
90 IPY 20 07-20 08 The EoI database
Page 118 and 119:
92 IPY 20 07-20 08 support from Nor
Page 120 and 121:
94 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 3 Formal est
Page 122 and 123:
96 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-7. JC C
Page 124 and 125:
98 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.5-9. Fahr
Page 126 and 127:
100 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 7 Global la
Page 128 and 129:
Fig.1.5-16. JC-8 Meeting in St. Pet
Page 130 and 131:
104 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 8 “The St
Page 132 and 133:
106 IPY 20 07-20 08 A somewhat cont
Page 134 and 135:
Fig.1.5-20 Jerónimo López-Martín
Page 136 and 137:
Fig.1.5-21 IPY 2007-2008 was offici
Page 138 and 139:
112 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
Page 140 and 141:
114 IPY 20 07-20 08 Portugal, Russi
Page 142 and 143:
116 IPY 20 07-20 08 limited success
Page 144 and 145:
118 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 1.6-1. IPO
Page 146 and 147:
120 Box 1 Meetings and conferences
Page 148 and 149:
122 IPY 20 07-20 08 lished under IP
Page 150 and 151:
Fig.1.6-3. IPO staff members Nicola
Page 152 and 153:
126 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Kais
Page 154 and 155:
128 IPY 20 07-20 08 not sufficient
Page 156 and 157:
130 IPY 20 07-20 08 the IPY Observi
Page 158 and 159:
132 IPY 20 07-20 08 and data manage
Page 160 and 161:
134 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T WO: IP
Page 162 and 163:
136 IPY 20 07-20 08 of which have g
Page 164 and 165:
Fig. 2.1-1. The new building of Tik
Page 166 and 167:
140 IPY 20 07-20 08 instruments on
Page 168 and 169:
Fig. 2.1-4. Time-patterns of the da
Page 170 and 171:
Fig. 2.1-6. Ozone loss rates (parts
Page 172 and 173:
146 IPY 20 07-20 08 fractional sea
Page 174 and 175:
148 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.1-9. Sea
Page 176 and 177:
150 IPY 20 07-20 08 vations obtaine
Page 178 and 179:
152 IPY 20 07-20 08 pre-dating the
Page 180 and 181:
154 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sensing, 48(4):
Page 182 and 183:
Table 2.2-1. Estimates of volume, h
Page 184 and 185:
Fig. 2.2-3. Track of the NABOS Crui
Page 186 and 187:
Fig. 2.2-4. Distribution of the oce
Page 188 and 189:
162 IPY 20 07-20 08 quality of the
Page 190 and 191:
164 IPY 20 07-20 08 much of the ozo
Page 192 and 193:
166 IPY 20 07-20 08 concentration m
Page 194 and 195:
168 IPY 20 07-20 08 Jackson et al.,
Page 196 and 197:
170 IPY 20 07-20 08 developed or pr
Page 198 and 199:
172 IPY 20 07-20 08 decrease in the
Page 200 and 201:
Fig. 2.2-11. The acoustic data from
Page 202 and 203:
176 IPY 20 07-20 08 providing plent
Page 204 and 205:
178 IPY 20 07-20 08 Sampling of the
Page 206 and 207:
Fig. 2.2-15 The position of the ice
Page 208 and 209:
Fig. 2.2-17. Schematic of the scien
Page 210 and 211:
184 IPY 20 07-20 08 48(1): 5-21. Di
Page 212 and 213:
186 IPY 20 07-20 08 doi:10.1029/200
Page 214 and 215:
Table 2.3-1. IPY projects in the So
Page 216 and 217:
Fig. 2.3-1b. Hydrographic sections
Page 218 and 219:
Fig. 2.3-2a. A total of 61,965 prof
Page 220 and 221:
194 IPY 20 07-20 08 period. These p
Page 222 and 223:
Fig.e 2.3-5. The Weddell gyre flow
Page 224 and 225:
Fig. 2.3-7. Dissolved iron, salinit
Page 226 and 227:
200 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.3-8. Ver
Page 228 and 229:
Fig. 2.3-9. CAML ship sampling duri
Page 230 and 231: 204 IPY 20 07-20 08 the theory that
Page 232 and 233: Fig. 2.3-12. Dead krill on the beac
Page 234 and 235: Fig. 2.3-14. Laser altimeter swath
Page 236 and 237: 210 IPY 20 07-20 08 tions and Infor
Page 238 and 239: 212 IPY 20 07-20 08 solved iron in
Page 240 and 241: 214 IPY 20 07-20 08 Antarctic ice s
Page 242 and 243: 216 IPY 20 07-20 08 so-called Dansg
Page 244 and 245: 218 IPY 20 07-20 08 other Greenland
Page 246 and 247: Fig. 2.4-3. The newly completed NEE
Page 248 and 249: 222 IPY 20 07-20 08 In July-August
Page 250 and 251: Fig. 2.4-7. Bed topography map for
Page 252 and 253: Fig. 2.4-9. The grid over which dat
Page 254 and 255: 228 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.4-10. Ta
Page 256 and 257: Fig. 2.4-12. Airborne lidar and gro
Page 258 and 259: 232 IPY 20 07-20 08 tic and Antarct
Page 260 and 261: 234 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.5-1. Sch
Page 262 and 263: 236 IPY 20 07-20 08 our planet: the
Page 264 and 265: 238 IPY 20 07-20 08 base Syowa via
Page 266 and 267: 240 IPY 20 07-20 08 possible to add
Page 268 and 269: 242 IPY 20 07-20 08 sary environmen
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 2.6-1. An artist’s cross-sec
Page 272 and 273: 246 IPY 20 07-20 08 conditions. The
Page 274 and 275: Fig. 2.6-3. Russian scientific trav
Page 276 and 277: 250 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.6-5a. Co
Page 278 and 279: 252 IPY 20 07-20 08 Emerging Subgla
Page 282 and 283: Fig. 2.7-1. Permafrost extent in th
Page 284 and 285: 258 IPY 20 07-20 08 contributed to
Page 286 and 287: Table 2.7-1. Inventory of Northern
Page 288 and 289: Table 2.7-2. Inventory of Antarctic
Page 290 and 291: 264 IPY 20 07-20 08 Arctic Circum-P
Page 292 and 293: 266 IPY 20 07-20 08 Northern Circum
Page 294 and 295: 268 IPY 20 07-20 08 Permafrost in t
Page 296 and 297: 270 IPY 20 07-20 08 Engineers Offic
Page 298 and 299: 272 IPY 20 07-20 08 Valcárcel-Día
Page 300 and 301: Fig. 2.8-1. Antarctica’s Gamburts
Page 302 and 303: 276 IPY 20 07-20 08 sampling at rel
Page 304 and 305: 278 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.8-5. PLA
Page 306 and 307: Fig. 2.8-6. POLENET autonomous, col
Page 308 and 309: Fig. 2.8-7. Continuouslyrecording G
Page 310 and 311: 284 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seismic imaging
Page 312 and 313: 286 IPY 20 07-20 08 expectations of
Page 314 and 315: 288 IPY 20 07-20 08 Willis, 2009b.
Page 316 and 317: 290 IPY 20 07-20 08 Meet. Suppl., A
Page 318 and 319: 292 IPY 20 07-20 08 mantle beneath
Page 320 and 321: Table 2.9-1. Terrestrial Projects u
Page 322 and 323: 296 IPY 20 07-20 08 future. For thi
Page 324 and 325: Fig. 2.9-2. A small moving drill wa
Page 326 and 327: 300 IPY 20 07-20 08 2.9-4. Field si
Page 328 and 329: 302 IPY 20 07-20 08 line zones have
Page 330 and 331:
304 IPY 20 07-20 08 that the Arctic
Page 332 and 333:
Fig. 2.9-7. Olga Bohuslavova, Ph.D.
Page 334 and 335:
308 IPY 20 07-20 08 Acknowledgement
Page 336 and 337:
310 IPY 20 07-20 08 arctic polar se
Page 338 and 339:
Table 2.10-1. List of active projec
Page 340 and 341:
314 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.10-1. IP
Page 342 and 343:
316 IPY 20 07-20 08 Box 1. The ‘f
Page 344 and 345:
318 IPY 20 07-20 08 The field of th
Page 346 and 347:
Table 2.10-2. Recommended ‘Small
Page 348 and 349:
322 IPY 20 07-20 08 as a research a
Page 350 and 351:
Fig. 2.10-7. Participants of the
Page 352 and 353:
Fig. 2.10-9. 6th International Cong
Page 354 and 355:
328 IPY 20 07-20 08 eral models. Th
Page 356 and 357:
330 IPY 20 07-20 08 popularity duri
Page 358 and 359:
332 IPY 20 07-20 08 in an Arctic Re
Page 360 and 361:
334 IPY 20 07-20 08 Vairo, C., R. C
Page 362 and 363:
Fig. 2.11-1. The circumpolar Arctic
Page 364 and 365:
338 IPY 20 07-20 08 and the Danish
Page 366 and 367:
340 IPY 20 07-20 08 Canadian traini
Page 368 and 369:
342 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 2.11-3. Th
Page 370 and 371:
344 IPY 20 07-20 08 logical studies
Page 372 and 373:
Fig. 2.11-5. Salmon drying on the Y
Page 374 and 375:
348 IPY 20 07-20 08 health status (
Page 376 and 377:
350 IPY 20 07-20 08 communication,
Page 378 and 379:
352 IPY 20 07-20 08 play an importa
Page 380 and 381:
354 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alle
Page 382 and 383:
356 IPY 20 07-20 08 D are associate
Page 384 and 385:
358 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T T H R E
Page 386 and 387:
360 IPY 20 07-20 08 during IPY (Cha
Page 388 and 389:
Fig. 3.1-1. Antarctica mosaic image
Page 390 and 391:
Fig. 3.1-3. Evolution of the Wilkin
Page 392 and 393:
Fig. 3.1-5. Threedimensional mappin
Page 394 and 395:
Fig. 3.1-8. Time series of monthly
Page 396 and 397:
370 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Alli
Page 398 and 399:
Fig. 3.2-1. Potential temperature/
Page 400 and 401:
Fig. 3.2-3. A Distributed Biologica
Page 402 and 403:
Fig. 3.2-4. Fresh water content (FW
Page 404 and 405:
Fig. 3.2-6. Composite changes in th
Page 406 and 407:
Fig. 3.2-7. Mooring components (lef
Page 408 and 409:
382 IPY 20 07-20 08 observing syste
Page 410 and 411:
384 IPY 20 07-20 08 with the recent
Page 412 and 413:
386 IPY 20 07-20 08 ocean circulati
Page 414 and 415:
388 IPY 20 07-20 08 for sustained o
Page 416 and 417:
Fig. 3.3-5. Map showing the locatio
Page 418 and 419:
392 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.4-1. Map
Page 420 and 421:
Top left - Fig. 3.4-3: Screen shot
Page 422 and 423:
396 IPY 20 07-20 08 including how t
Page 424 and 425:
Fig. 3.5-1. Antarctic stations at t
Page 426 and 427:
Fig. 3.5-3. Servicing the AWS at Bu
Page 428 and 429:
Fig. 3.5-6. Sonde launch at Halley
Page 430 and 431:
404 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.5-8. Bre
Page 432 and 433:
406 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.6-1. Ave
Page 434 and 435:
408 IPY 20 07-20 08 forecast ranges
Page 436 and 437:
Fig.3.6-5. Sea Ice Outlook: 2009 Su
Page 438 and 439:
Fig. 3.7-1. Examples of the cryosph
Page 440 and 441:
414 IPY 20 07-20 08 Global Cryosphe
Page 442 and 443:
416 IPY 20 07-20 08 and build on ex
Page 444 and 445:
Fig. 3.8-1. SAON website - www. arc
Page 446 and 447:
420 IPY 20 07-20 08 be necessary to
Page 448 and 449:
422 IPY 20 07-20 08 on data sharing
Page 450 and 451:
424 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.9-1. CBM
Page 452 and 453:
Fig. 3.9-3. Screenshots of the CBMP
Page 454 and 455:
Fig. 3.9-5. (left) Data Coverage by
Page 456 and 457:
Table 3.9-2. Current status, trends
Page 458 and 459:
Fig. 3.9-9. The components of a com
Page 460 and 461:
434 IPY 20 07-20 08 CAFF CBMP Repor
Page 462 and 463:
436 IPY 20 07-20 08 polar communiti
Page 464 and 465:
438 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 3.10-3. Mo
Page 466 and 467:
Fig. 3.10-5. Combining data on trad
Page 468 and 469:
Fig. 3.10-6. NOMAD Expedition camp
Page 470 and 471:
444 IPY 20 07-20 08 and visual form
Page 472 and 473:
Fig. 3.10-10. Group of hunters camp
Page 474 and 475:
Fig. 3.10-12. BSSN Research Assista
Page 476 and 477:
Fig. 3.10-15. The Siku- Inuit-Hila
Page 478 and 479:
Fig. 3.10-17. Meeting with officers
Page 480 and 481:
454 IPY 20 07-20 08 monitoring prod
Page 482 and 483:
456 IPY 20 07-20 08 Edited by I. Kr
Page 484 and 485:
458 IPY 20 07-20 08 the World Ocean
Page 486 and 487:
460 IPY 20 07-20 08 In the period l
Page 488 and 489:
Table 3.11-1. National IPY Data Coo
Page 490 and 491:
464 IPY 20 07-20 08 on basic data m
Page 492 and 493:
466 IPY 20 07-20 08 handling commun
Page 494 and 495:
468 IPY 20 07-20 08 funding agencie
Page 496 and 497:
470 IPY 20 07-20 08 metadata. • M
Page 498 and 499:
472 IPY 20 07-20 08 A major initial
Page 500 and 501:
Table 3.11-2. Summary assessment of
Page 502 and 503:
476 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion and Data.F
Page 504 and 505:
478 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T F O U R
Page 506 and 507:
480 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 4.0-2. A w
Page 508 and 509:
482 IPY 20 07-20 08 Historical back
Page 510 and 511:
Fig. 4.1-1. Participants at the Str
Page 512 and 513:
486 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
Page 514 and 515:
488 IPY 20 07-20 08 Officers from m
Page 516 and 517:
Fig. 4.1-2. Students in Portugal to
Page 518 and 519:
492 IPY 20 07-20 08 Two internation
Page 520 and 521:
494 IPY 20 07-20 08 the submissions
Page 522 and 523:
Fig. 4.1-4. (left) Teachers partici
Page 524 and 525:
498 IPY 20 07-20 08 conference, ‘
Page 526 and 527:
500 Fig. 4.2-1. IPYPD Basic search
Page 528 and 529:
Table 4.2-2. Distribution of public
Page 530 and 531:
504 IPY 20 07-20 08 Google Groups t
Page 532 and 533:
506 IPY 20 07-20 08 tative/liaison
Page 534 and 535:
508 IPY 20 07-20 08 material had to
Page 536 and 537:
510 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Arct
Page 538 and 539:
512 IPY 20 07-20 08 Highlights from
Page 540 and 541:
514 IPY 20 07-20 08 students throug
Page 542 and 543:
Fig. 4.3-1. Participants of the mee
Page 544 and 545:
Fig. 4.3-3. Early career scientists
Page 546 and 547:
520 IPY 20 07-20 08 management. The
Page 548 and 549:
Fig. 4.3-4. During IPY early career
Page 550 and 551:
524 IPY 20 07-20 08 PA R T FI V E :
Page 552 and 553:
526 IPY 20 07-20 08 ‘legacies’)
Page 554 and 555:
528 IPY 20 07-20 08 sciences_for_ip
Page 556 and 557:
530 IPY 20 07-20 08 of multidiscipl
Page 558 and 559:
Fig. 5.1-2 In situ platforms, inclu
Page 560 and 561:
534 IPY 20 07-20 08 tion documented
Page 562 and 563:
536 IPY 20 07-20 08 warming over th
Page 564 and 565:
538 IPY 20 07-20 08 the Russian Ant
Page 566 and 567:
540 IPY 20 07-20 08 Background with
Page 568 and 569:
542 IPY 20 07-20 08 achievements al
Page 570 and 571:
544 IPY 20 07-20 08 with a Sunyaev-
Page 572 and 573:
546 IPY 20 07-20 08 doing will cont
Page 574 and 575:
548 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 (
Page 576 and 577:
Fig.5.2-4. Proposed structure of th
Page 578 and 579:
552 IPY 20 07-20 08 from April 2010
Page 580 and 581:
554 IPY 20 07-20 08 References ACIA
Page 582 and 583:
556 IPY 20 07-20 08 and China agree
Page 584 and 585:
Fig.5.3-1. Routine CTD profiling du
Page 586 and 587:
560 IPY 20 07-20 08 Svalbard, Norwa
Page 588 and 589:
Fig.5.3-7. Comparison of geostrophi
Page 590 and 591:
Fig.5.3-9. Participants of the IPY
Page 592 and 593:
Fig.5.3-11. Japanese- Swedish Antar
Page 594 and 595:
Fig.5.3-13. Memorial photo after th
Page 596 and 597:
570 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.3-15. New
Page 598 and 599:
Fig.5.3-17. Malaysian biologist Che
Page 600 and 601:
Fig.5.3-19. Malaysian Arctic sampli
Page 602 and 603:
576 IPY 20 07-20 08 their role via
Page 604 and 605:
578 IPY 20 07-20 08 IPY 2007-2008 g
Page 606 and 607:
Fig. 5.4-3. Community meeting organ
Page 608 and 609:
582 IPY 20 07-20 08 Krupnik and Jol
Page 610 and 611:
584 IPY 20 07-20 08 training may be
Page 612 and 613:
586 IPY 20 07-20 08 of the universi
Page 614 and 615:
Table 5.4-1: UArctic Members and St
Page 616 and 617:
Fig. 5.4-11. Inaugural IAI meeting
Page 618 and 619:
592 IPY 20 07-20 08 References Refe
Page 620 and 621:
594 IPY 20 07-20 08 Council (AC) in
Page 622 and 623:
596 IPY 20 07-20 08 established in
Page 624 and 625:
598 IPY 20 07-20 08 cal cycle, perm
Page 626 and 627:
600 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig.5.5-3. In t
Page 628 and 629:
602 IPY 20 07-20 08 New Role of the
Page 630 and 631:
604 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fig. 5.5-6. Ice
Page 632 and 633:
Fig.5.5-8. Paul Berkman, Chair of t
Page 634 and 635:
608 IPY 20 07-20 08 speakers and pa
Page 636 and 637:
610 IPY 20 07-20 08 Approach for Br
Page 638 and 639:
612 IPY 20 07-20 08 promoted since
Page 640 and 641:
614 IPY 20 07-20 08 states in polar
Page 642 and 643:
Fig.5.6-2. The IPY Oslo Science Con
Page 644 and 645:
618 Box 1 Oslo Science Conference P
Page 646 and 647:
Fig. 5.6-6 The inclusion of early c
Page 648 and 649:
622 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 implementa
Page 650 and 651:
624 IPY 20 07-20 08 capacity buildi
Page 652 and 653:
626 IPY 20 07-20 08 emissions of me
Page 654 and 655:
628 IPY 20 07-20 08 Epilogue Lead A
Page 656 and 657:
Table E-1: What Does It Take to Com
Page 658 and 659:
632 IPY 20 07-20 08 both ICSU and W
Page 660 and 661:
634 IPY 20 07-20 08
Page 662 and 663:
636 IPY 20 07-20 08 Robin Bell is a
Page 664 and 665:
638 IPY 20 07-20 08 Tillmann Mohr i
Page 666 and 667:
640 IPY 20 07-20 08 Volker Rachold
Page 668 and 669:
642 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 2 IPY
Page 670 and 671:
644 IPY 20 07-20 08 Activity ID Tit
Page 672 and 673:
Page 674 and 675:
Page 676 and 677:
650 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 3 Joi
Page 678 and 679:
652 IPY 20 07-20 08 Third Meeting o
Page 680 and 681:
654 IPY 20 07-20 08 Fifth Meeting o
Page 682 and 683:
656 IPY 20 07-20 08 Seventh Meeting
Page 684 and 685:
658 IPY 20 07-20 08 Ninth Meeting o
Page 686 and 687:
660 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 5 Sub
Page 688 and 689:
662 A PPENDIX 6 IPY Project Charts,
Page 690 and 691:
Appendix 6 Fig.3. Version 3.4, Apri
Page 692 and 693:
Appendix 6 Fig.5. Version 6.4, May
Page 694 and 695:
668 A PPENDIX 7 List of the Nationa
Page 696 and 697:
670 IPY 20 07-20 08 Poland IPY Nati
Page 698 and 699:
672 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 9 IPY
Page 700 and 701:
674 IPY 20 07-20 08 2002 February.
Page 702 and 703:
676 IPY 20 07-20 08 January 22. Int
Page 704 and 705:
678 IPY 20 07-20 08 November 24. Ar
Page 706 and 707:
680 IPY 20 07-20 08 March 2. IPY Da
Page 708 and 709:
682 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 16. Sc
Page 710 and 711:
684 IPY 20 07-20 08 2008 January 20
Page 712 and 713:
686 IPY 20 07-20 08 February 26. Th
Page 714 and 715:
688 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 10 Se
Page 716 and 717:
690 IPY 20 07-20 08 A PPENDIX 11 Li
Page 718 and 719:
692 IPY 20 07-20 08 FWC Freshwater
Page 720 and 721:
694 IPY 20 07-20 08 OCH Oscillating
Page 724:
698 The International Polar Year (I
show all

International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?