International Polar Year 2007–2008 - WMO

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Understanding Earth’s Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007–2008 SUMMARY BY T H E I PY J O I N T CO M M I T T EE FEBRUARY 2011 Editors: Igor Krupnik, Ian Allison, Robin Bell, Paul Cutler, David Hik, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Volker Rachold, Eduard Sarukhanian and Colin Summerhayes
Page 1: Understanding Earth’s Polar Chall
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary The International
Page 7 and 8: 3.3 Southern Ocean Observing System
Page 9 and 10: through the generous contributions
Page 11 and 12: Director; Cynan Ellis-Evans, Senior
Page 13 and 14: List of Contributors and Reviewers
Page 15 and 16: Hagen, Jon-Ove 2.4 University of Os
Page 17 and 18: Rahman, Nasaruddin Abdul 5.3 Intern
Page 19 and 20: Cutler, Paul 1.1 National Science F
Page 21 and 22: indigenous people, national and loc
Page 23 and 24: to be as comprehensive as was pract
Page 25 and 26: References ACIA, 2005. Arctic Clima
Page 27 and 28: Introduction PAR T O NE Planning an
Page 29 and 30: sought and successfully applied by
Page 31 and 32: 1.1 From IPY-1 to IGY: Early Lesson
Page 33 and 34: scientists, like Georg Neumayer (18
Page 35 and 36: The IPY-1 expeditions were also fea
Page 37 and 38: of la Cour; it was later expanded t
Page 39 and 40: charts for northern hemisphere for
Page 41 and 42: for a new polar year (Chapman, 1953
Page 43 and 44: gram management nor complex finance
Page 45 and 46: 1959 (Genest 2009) or the 1963 symp
Page 47 and 48: the idea from the initial talks to
Page 49 and 50: the National Academy of Sciences 40
Page 51 and 52: Paper presented at the SCAR/IASC Op
Page 53 and 54:
Notes 1 The key historical sources
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1.2 How IPY 2007-2008 Was Born: 199
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Johnson, formerly with the U.S. Off
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division head at the U.S. Office of
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Thiede/Rapley/Jujie/Lopez/Orheim 7
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the Russian effort was passed quick
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disseminated through many professio
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Department at the WMO Secretariat a
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meeting, in Brest 11-15 July 2003 (
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References Allen, J.H., 2000. Lette
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Summerhayes, C.P., 2008. Internatio
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1.3 Early Planning for IPY: July 20
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IPY Planning Timeline Grey arrows i
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need to be included and that other
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meteorological observations, weathe
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Fig. 1.3-3. Eduard Sarukhanian pres
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‘human dimension’ in the scienc
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Two other main topics raised were h
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By the last PG meeting in September
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to coordinate the submission of the
Page 93 and 94:
References Davila, J.M., 2004. Plan
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1.4. Planning for IPY: A Collaborat
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November 2004, it was agreed that t
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of SCAR scientists, and through enc
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tensified connections through the E
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July 2003 AOSB Newsletter details t
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oth ICSU and WMO in 2003 referred t
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vide access to past and present pol
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planning for IPY. The paper was pre
Page 111 and 112:
L. Müller-Wille, B. Poppel, P. Sch
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1.5 Organization and Implementation
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Box 1 Tribute to Edith Fanta (1944
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Box 2 International Polar Year Join
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eceived, with 337 being scientific
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Fig. 1.5-5. Second Open Consultativ
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Box 4 Third Open Consultative Forum
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Box 6 ‘The Scope of Science for I
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2007 (Appendix 3). It was the only
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IPY science conferences in June 201
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Box 9 Celebration of the Internatio
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connections; (3) Ice sheets - large
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issues critical to improving long-t
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nations to continue IPY projects be
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Notes 1 The original composition of
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1.6 International Programme Office
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project management experience as Di
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(ii) The IPY field period: March 20
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Box 2 Meetings and conferences atte
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that allowed quick development of n
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funding and support agencies. The I
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1.7 National IPY Secretariats Lead
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HAIS-1 (October 2006) The first HAI
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Petersburg, Russian Federation. Par
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PAR T T WO IPY Science Program Coor
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organized by broad disciplinary fie
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PA R T T WO: IPY SCIENCE PR O G R A
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enewable energy and maintain the pr
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climate system. Measurements at Arc
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of the aerosol component in the atm
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output will include gridded fields
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impact of the targeted observations
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Concordiasi project over Antarctica
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elated and linked IPY activities, w
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Chemistry and Physics (www.atmos-ch
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The instrumenting of Fram Strait. F
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The spread of SeaGliders support of
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2004 ITP 2 2005 ITP 1, ITP 3 Comple
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Towards a new autonomous sub-ice sy
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Fig. 2.2-7b. Sampling stations for
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McLaughlin) and the BGEP (Beaufort
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during 1999. Nevertheless, four yea
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temperature, it is now apparent fro
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for reproduction, and growth of the
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et al., 2006), since this exemplifi
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cruise allow us to evaluate seasona
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point. Thus if the shelf break is c
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melt from a thick winter ice cover
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final third element, provided in Ch
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Karcher M., F. Kauker, R. Gerdes, E
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Ocean circulation and climate A num
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are measuring the ocean interior on
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series measurements ever made in th
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the variability of the Antarctic Sl
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cluded: How much CO 2 is absorbed (
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significant than deposition of aero
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Antarctica will be affected by chan
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tics and their relationship to the
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shifts in coastal marine productivi
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appears to hold generally for west
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in the polar regions. Southern Ocea
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Marine Chemistry, 112 (1-2): 107-11
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(7):3661-3688. Núñez-Riboni, I. a
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to the ocean, which affects the glo
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were members of the IASC Working Gr
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July 2007, the first IPY year, an i
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Fig. 2.4-6. Grid over which data we
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mass loss through ice discharge has
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The wealth of satellite data collec
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Canadian Arctic, on glacier surge d
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participated and were trained withi
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Title IPY Project no. Nations AGAP-
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addressed these goals. High resolut
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meters of high quality core in two
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Fig. 2.5-2. USAP Twin Otter aircraf
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of basal water with the overlying i
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questions and plans to enter and sa
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Biological and chemical analyses of
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Studies of Other Subglacial Lakes d
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tic ice sheet. Nature, 416:307-310.
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the majority of the observations pe
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also contributed during IPY to the
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egions; these trends are mainly bas
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availability of data from the Antar
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underway to address both gaps as a
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Berg, O., 2009. Small scale spatial
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Active layer thermal regime under d
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(2007.) Global Outlook for Ice and
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Plate tectonics and polar gateways
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- the Fram Strait, Davis Strait/Baf
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contributes significantly to the Ne
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Spatially extensive new observatory
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of the Earth. The patterns of uplif
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and the Laurentian and Fennoscandia
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dissemination of science outcomes a
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C.R. Raymond et al., (eds). USGS Op
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total solar eclipse at Scott Base A
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EBESA 452 Internationally coordinat
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supporting an atmospheric source an
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most strongly along ponds and strea
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in floristic composition of some me
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carbon sequestration and floristic
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pling from fixed tower systems, and
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changes (TARANTELLA) by simulating
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Biology, p. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-248
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Knowledge Exchange (Conferences, Pu
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chapters were actively involved in
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ials (including cultural objects an
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humanities (arts, history, narrativ
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aising interest to the social issue
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Fig. 2.10-6. Poster “Polar View:
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enous languages and knowledge syste
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and of the growing focus on ‘chan
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established during IPY produced new
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Sarukhanian, C. Summerhayes and C.
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Social Indicators. Arhus: TemaNord.
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History of Circumpolar Health Resea
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Project Title Lead Country(s) EoI/F
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work for Circumpolar Research (INCH
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developed indicators in six domains
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for incorporating Human Papillomavi
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in disease patterns, with an increa
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care have an impact on well being,
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contaminants. While the results ind
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these activities networks grew, inf
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Hamilton, L., P. Bjerregaard and B.
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Introduction Chapter 3.1 IPY Satell
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of the JC (JC-7, July 2008) as a di
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3.1 IPY Satellite Observation Progr
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infrared snapshot of circumpolar pe
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Fig. 3.1-4. Maps of Perito Moreno g
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Using SPOT Stereo data, the CNES IP
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and scientific communities involved
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Inputs to the Arctic Ocean: what qu
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domain of the Arctic are well docum
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array for the identification and co
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(Katharine Giles UCLCPOM pers. comm
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Q: What ocean observing effort is n
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system. Some of these constraints a
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References Arrigo, K.R., G. van Dij
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3.3 Southern Ocean Observing System
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Ocean; and there are indications of
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iogeochemical and biological variab
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Introduction International Arctic S
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Observatory Upgrades Numerous instr
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in response to Arctic warming. •
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3.5 Meteorological Observing in the
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Office, made the data available on
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Fig. 3.5-4. Vaisala CT25K cloudbase
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layer. At a few stations, ozone son
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3.6 The Sea Ice Outlook Lead Author
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a range of 4.2 to 5.0 msk, with mor
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uncertainty in the Outlooks. Buoys
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3.7 Global Cryosphere Watch and the
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Parameter C T Measurement Range Mea
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should include homogeneity, interop
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3.8 Sustaining Arctic Observing Net
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Arctic area is greatly welcomed by
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internationally coordinated funding
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Overview The Circumpolar Biodiversi
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in November 2009 and displays the i
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Fig. 3.9-4. (a) Arctic terrestrial
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ut will also focus efforts on the r
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driving those trends and facilitate
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Summary: The Circumpolar Biodiversi
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3.10 Human-Based Observing Systems
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Human-Rangifer link (NOMAD, no. 408
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companies in the social security sy
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EALÁT The EALÁT project (IPY no.
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(Vladimirova and Konstantinov 2008;
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2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and
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the safety of ice or ice dynamics t
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to the area (e.g. White King salmon
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searchable, web-based database for
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are rarely independent of each othe
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References ACIA 2005. Arctic Climat
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3.11 The State of Polar Data-the IP
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workshop occurred after investigato
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data management structures. Unfortu
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Netherlands, Norway and the United
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Future, “[l]inear analysis will g
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access and manipulate the metadata
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all interests. Where possible, make
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ut as an example, IPY data and info
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change. IPY revealed a critical glo
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Over time: Funding agencies should
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Introduction PAR T FOUR IPY Public
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a d b c Fig. 4.0-1. Many Education,
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PA R T F O U R : I PY PU B L I C PR
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EOC activities. The first face-to-f
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esources, support for teachers, and
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a six-person crew for up to 30 days
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working group members had fortnight
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included four live events that part
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for the book arose from the success
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EOC Theme 6: Polar Science Educatio
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PA R T F O U R : I PY PU B L I C PR
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Building the IPY Publications Datab
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eing available in the IPYPD itself,
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IPY/IGYs. The 16-volume Arctic Bibl
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Carlson, the Director of the IPY Of
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for DiTRL to develop a more user-fr
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metadata in a DSpace environment. I
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Stimulating the Current and Future
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of the Arctic, Antarctic and mounta
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Jenny Baeseman (U.S.A.) and Rhian S
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BiPolar Action Group, SCAR Scientif
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This helped to enhance the careers
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APECS Polar Policy Essay Contest In
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PAR T FIVE The Legacies of IPY 2007
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communities to benefit from scienti
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References Allison, I., M. Béland,
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5.1 Early Science Outcomes of IPY 2
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-20° -20° stations, closed a long
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ice benchmarks included circumpolar
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the ocean introduces the potential
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250 were identified to be common to
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will trigger more permafrost thawin
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y the northern polar bear and the s
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doi:10.1029/2007JD009618. Dahl-Jens
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PA R T FI V E : T H E L E G AC I E
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acce.html). The plan for the review
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(AMAP), a program working group of
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ice and walrus scientists, subsiste
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SAR imagery provided by a Japanese
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ing on the experience gained during
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Fig.5.3-3. Water optics observation
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density structure by comparing with
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Fig.5.3-8. IPY project chart featur
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depths was observed by subsurface r
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will continue supporting summer res
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search team, who overwintered at Sy
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Malaysia Development of Malaysian A
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Recent Antarctic Climate Change and
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Introduction Igor Krupnik The inclu
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note of its importance … to the c
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while additional 25 projects had in
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Greenland, on the Subcommittee on O
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tion on changes in hunting strategi
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driven (i.e. proposed as IGY+50 - e
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opportunities for students from out
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The International Antarctic Institu
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‘Dreamtime’ The ‘dreamtime’
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Lead Authors: Volker Rachold, Igor
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3.11). In October 2008, ICSU launch
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an International Polar Decade as a
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Key developments during IPY In Janu
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agement or SCADM) is a member of IC
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esidents. That synthesis report pro
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On the contrary, in many cases the
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Box 1 Antarctic Treaty Consultative
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too passive in their approach to co
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The Next Generation of Polar Resear
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The IPY Oslo Science Conference, 8-
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Country # of Participants United St
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Fig.5.6-4. Crown Prince Haakon of N
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hours of show time. BBC science jou
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shtml): • Demonstrating and apply
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International Polar Decade 1 Eduard
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stage, it may be sufficient to list
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that is the strengthened collaborat
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as the Sustaining Arctic Observing
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Appendix 1: IPY Joint Committee Mem
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A PPENDIX 1 IPY Joint Committee Mem
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Yoshiyuki Fujii is Director General
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Ex officio members: Keith Alverson
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Observers: Johannes Huber (ATCM) wa
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Activity ID Title Geographical Focu
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Second Meeting of the IPY Joint Com
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Fourth Meeting of the IPY Joint Com
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Sixth Meeting of the IPY Joint Comm
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Eighth Meeting of the IPY Joint Com
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A PPENDIX 4 IPY Proposal Evaluation
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Subcommittee for Observations Wenij
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Appendix 6 Fig.2. Version 2.4, Janu
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Appendix 6 Fig.4. Version 4.4, Janu
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Appendix 6 Fig.6. Version 7.7, May
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Germany IPY National Committee for
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A PPENDIX 8 Ethical Principles for
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1. Origination Phase, 1997-August 2
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June 26. Joint Russia-EU Workshop o
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documented effort to advance educat
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Beyond,” implementation workshop
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August 16. IPY Education and Outrea
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June 5. The United Nations World En
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July 8. Joint SCAR-IASC Open Scienc
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2010 January 21. 7th Meeting of the
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Examples of IPY National Logos Bulg
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CALM Circumpolar Arctic Layer Monit
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ISAR International Symposium on Arc
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TASTE IDEA Trans-Antartic Scientifi
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