FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

eam column joints, all member stresses are primarily axial. When
diagonal brace connections are eccentric to the joints, members
are subjected to bending and axial stresses. Diaphragms consist of
concrete or metal deck with concrete fill and are stiff relative to
the frames. Walls may consist of metal panel curtainwalls, glazing,
brick masonry, or precast concrete panels. When the interior of
the structure is finished, frames are concealed by ceilings, partition
walls, and architectural furring. Foundations consist of
concrete spread footings or deep pile foundations.
Structural deSign criteria
Figure 2-2
S steel moment frames
2-