FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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Figure 3- hinged covers facilitate the rapid sealing of supply, return, or exhaust ducts in a safe room. SoURCe: BaTTelle m Temporary measures for rapid sealing. For expedient sealing, a small kit of materials should be provided in the safe room, along with a written checklist of the sealing measures required specifically for the safe room. The following is an example of a checklist that applies to a bathroom. The sealing supplies are contact paper, precut to size, and 2-inch wide painter’s tape. Alternately, duct tape and plastic sheeting can be used. m Cover the door louvers with adhesive backed film (contact paper) 18 inches by 12 inches in size. m Cover the gap beneath the door with a strip of 2-inchwide tape. m Cover the exhaust fan grille with adhesive-backed film (18 inches by 18 inches). m Cover the supply grille with adhesive backed film (12 inches by 12 inches). m Pour water into the floor drain and drains of the shower and sink to ensure the traps are filled. CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion 3- 3
In a bathroom, drain traps for the sink, tub, shower, or floor are usually filled with water, but should be checked to ensure water is present to prevent air leakage through the drain pipes. A window-type or through-the-wall air conditioner can be sealed by turning it off, and placing either contact paper or plastic sheeting with duct tape over the air conditioner. 3.4.1.3 Preparing for Deactivation of Fans. Some safe room systems have been designed with the capability to automatically deactivate all fans in the building with a single switch. This singleswitch control can also be designed to close dampers in outside-air ducts serving the safe room. The low-cost alternative to automatic fan shutoff is to record on a checklist the location of switches for all fans in the building, not just those that serve the safe room. This includes air-handling units, exhaust fans, supply fans, window air conditioners, and combustion heaters. This checklist must also include the procedures for the purging step of sheltering-in-place (e.g., opening windows and doors, and turning on fans and air handlers that were turned off to shelter-inplace after the hazardous condition has passed). 3.4.1.4 Accommodating Air Conditioning and Heating. Conventional air conditioning and heating systems must not be operated in the protective mode because the fans directly or indirectly introduce outside air. This includes the air-handling units and fans serving spaces outside the safe room. An exception is combustion heaters of hydronic systems that are located in separately ventilated mechanical rooms. In extreme weather conditions, however, confining people in a sealed room without air conditioning or heating can result in intolerable conditions, causing people to exit the safe room before it is safe to do so. The mechanical ventilation system often has a higher potential for indoor-outdoor air exchange than the leakage paths of the 3- CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion
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Risk Management Series Design Guida
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Any opinions, findings, conclusions
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This guidance focuses on safe rooms
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protect occupants until law enforce
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of best practices (based on current
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Project Advisory Panel: Ronald Bark
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1.7.1.1. Tornado.or.Short-term.Shel
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2.6.6. RM1.and.RM2.Reinforced.Mason
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4.5. Community.Shelter.Operations.P
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FIgUREs chapter 1 Figure.1-1.. Terr
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Figure.2-16.. Spray-on.elastomer.co
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chapter 4 Figure.4-1.. Preparedness
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in response to the manmade CBRE thr
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decides not to chance fate and cons
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Although operational security measu
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Table 1-2: Safe Evacuation Distance
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Figure 1-1 terrorism by event 1980
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odorless. Their effects occur mainl
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Figure 1-3 radioactive materials sm
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Table 1-3: Correlation of ISC Level
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Table 1-4: ISC CBR Levels of Protec
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m It is partially shielded by the s
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m Single-use shelters. Single-use s
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structure or a new structure to be
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m Territoriality (promotes a sense
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Figure 1- examples of internal shel
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Figure 1-9 examples of internal she
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loading depending upon the building
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model building codes all have provi
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Figure 1-10 national Weather servic
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operations and maintenance plan. De
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For tornado shelters, the most crit
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Reference Standard 6-1 Photolumines
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every building should have an emerg
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Three methods are followed for the
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partitions for areas of about 12,00
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the 2006 editions of nFPa 101, Life
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Figure 1-13 operations Zones, casua
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Figure 1-1 nrP-cis emergency decont
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Figure 1-1 example of Pentagon stag
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Figure 1-19 site and evidence colle
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2.1 OVerVieW Structural deSign crit
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affect the hazard potential of the
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2.2.1 Blast effects in low-rise Bui
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As an example, panelized constructi
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2.3 hardened cOnStructiOn 2.3.1 Str
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Protective design further requires
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deformed, and transfer them to the
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pressures, such that they overcome
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façade materials intact and attach
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2.4 neW cOnStructiOn The design of
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Blast-resistant detailing requires
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the slab, the slab reinforcement mu
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spacing of 16 inches that extends i
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In order for the glazing to realize
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precast panels, the spacing of the
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to a column or a vehicle-borne expl
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without any means of attachment or
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Page 120 and 121: Rigid catch bar systems were design
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Page 124 and 125: Alternatively, an unreinforced maso
Page 126 and 127: Figure 2- 9 Metal stud blast wall I
Page 128 and 129: 2.5.3 checklist for retrofitting is
Page 130 and 131: Shearwalls consist of straight or d
Page 132 and 133: Light wood frame structures do not
Page 134 and 135: eam column joints, all member stres
Page 136 and 137: Steel moment frame structures provi
Page 138 and 139: Steel frames with infill masonry wa
Page 140 and 141: esponse to 500 pounds of TNT at a s
Page 142 and 143: to provide ductile performance. The
Page 144 and 145: Unless sited in a seismic zone, con
Page 146 and 147: Precast concrete frames and shearwa
Page 148 and 149: uilding. Locating the shelter in th
Page 150 and 151: Unreinforced load-bearing masonry b
Page 152 and 153: damage in response to 500 pounds of
Page 154 and 155: Floor slabs within an interior stai
Page 156 and 157: 3.1 oVeRVieW This chapter describes
Page 158 and 159: m Class 2. This class also includes
Page 160 and 161: may be necessary for people to occu
Page 162 and 163: 3.3 SaFe RooM CRiTeRia This section
Page 164 and 165: interior room is preferable to a ro
Page 166 and 167: m Penetrations. Measures for reduci
Page 170 and 171: enclosure subjected to wind and buo
Page 172 and 173: Many models of these indoor air pur
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Page 176 and 177: Table 3-2: Leakage per Square Foot
Page 178 and 179: 3.5 opeRaTionS anD MainTenanCe For
Page 180 and 181: m Turn on a radio or TV in the safe
Page 182 and 183: Tape, plastic, and carbon dioxide d
Page 184 and 185: m Isolation dampers. Correct damper
Page 186 and 187: 3.7 CoMMiSSioninG a CLaSS 1 CBR SaF
Page 188 and 189: have been appropriately placed to p
Page 190 and 191: m To develop an understanding of th
Page 192 and 193: CBR ThReaT pRoTeCTion Figure 3- Tas
Page 194 and 195: Task 4. Determine How Much Filtered
Page 196 and 197: Pre-heat Coil Module. This module c
Page 198: address system or the single-switch
Page 201 and 202: the Homeland security digital Libra
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Page 205 and 206: From established reporting mechanis
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Page 209 and 210: m Weapons of Mass Destruction-Civil
Page 211 and 212: dHs/FEma and the office for domesti
Page 213 and 214: The 48 seconds do not include the t
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4-5 High-rise buildings and
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designated. The following is a list
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m Coordinating shelter evacuation p
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4.5.5 notification manager The Noti
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Table 4-1: Shelter Equipment and Su
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Toilets would be needed by the occu
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4.5.8.7 Emergency Equipment Credenz
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FEma’s United states Fire adminis
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4.7.3 event safety procedures The f
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4.9 training and inFormation Employ
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearm
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Phan, L.T., and Simiu, E. 1998. The
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Army TM 5-853-4, Security Engineeri
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Corps of Engineers Guide Specificat
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Addresses workplace vulnerability t
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State of Florida Shelter Plan, Flor
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Management (2003) http://floridadis
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UL 586, High-Efficiency, Particulat
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C CA California C&C components and
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F FBI Federal Bureau of Investigati
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J JFO Joint Field Office K kb kilob
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O O.C. on center OG outer garments
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U UBC Building Code UCRL University
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FEMA 453 Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe Rooms

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